🥇Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-WDS: ukongeza amandla okuqalisa kwi-UEFI

Sawubona wonke umntu!

Eli nqaku lichaza amanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele ukongeza isakhono sokuqalisa se-UEFI kwi-WDS yakho.

Ezo. Imiyalelo kweli nqaku ithatha ukuba sele unobumbeko lulandelayo:

1. Windows Server 2012R2 (или новее)
2. Полностью настроенный DHCP для работы с WDS
3. Собственно сам WDS
4. IIS
5. Виртуальная машина или ПК с Ubuntu

Kwakhona, apha zichazwe izenzo ezingazange zindizisele umphumo ofanelekileyo.
Ndizichaze ukuba ziququzelele ukukhangela kwaye ugcine ixesha lakho.

I ngcaciso

Ndenze i-WDS emsebenzini kunye nezinto ezininzi ezimnandi, tk. udinwe ngokuhlala ujikeleza kunye neqela lee-flash drives kunye nokubhala ngaphezulu.

La manqaku andincede ngale ndlela:
Ukongeza i-WDS Versatility
Imenyu yokuqalisa ye-PXE enoMphathi woLungiselelo lweZiko leSixokelelwano

Ijongeka ngolu hlobo

Kwaye yonke into yayilungile, imifanekiso emitsha yongezwa ukuze ilayishwe, umfanekiso we-winPE wawugqithise ngezinto ezintsha kwaye yonke into yasebenza.

Kodwa, kude nazo zonke izixhobo ezixhasa imowudi ye-BIOS / yeLifa le-boot, okanye ukuba bayayenza, ke ukufakwa kwayo kunokuba kwindawo engacacanga.

Ewe, kunye nokufaka iifestile kwimodi yelifa, xa kunokwenzeka ukufaka kwi-UEFI, ayipholile.

Ngenxa yoko, ndaye ndagqiba ekubeni ndongeze amandla okuqalisa kwi-UEFI, ndaya kuGoogle.

Kodwa andizange ndifumane ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo malunga nendlela yokufumana iWDS + UEFI esebenzayo.
Eneneni, yiyo loo nto ndigqibe kwelokuba ndilibhale eli nqaku.

Ngaphambi kokuba ndiqalise, ndiza kuchaza ingxaki ethatha ixesha elininzi.

Xa usongeza i-UEFI kwi-WDS, oku kulandelayo, imeko engabonakaliyo inokwenzeka:

Ukuba wongeza ifayile yokuqalisa kwiWDS naxa uzama ukuqalisa kwisixhobo
kwi-UEFI ubona oku kulandelayo:
The selected boot device failed. Press <Enter> to Continue.
Okanye Boot Device Not Found
Kodwa ukulayisha kwilifa kusebenza kuwe.
Emva koko enye yeenketho ezinokwenzeka kukungabikho kwefayile wdsmgfw.efi,
ngale ndlela ilandelayo: %WDSpath%Bootx64wdsmgfw.efi

Ungayithatha apha: C:WindowsSystem32RemInstbootx64wdsmgfw.efi
Okanye, ukuba ngesizathu esithile le fayile ilahlekile kuwe, ndiyithumele kuyo uphando.
Ngenxa yesi sisombululo, enkosi guys ukusuka reddit.

Ngale ngxaki, ndabulala ixesha elininzi, kuba. Ndacinga ukuba ingxaki kwindawo ethile kwi-WDS okanye i-DHCP yoqwalaselo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo eqwalaselweyo ngokongeza iiKlasi zabaThengisi kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, kunye nokuqwalasela iinketho zeDHCP 060, 066, 067. Imiyalelo kuqwalaselo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yeDHCP.

Uyilo lwezakhiwo kwi-ASCII yokumisela i-DHCP

PXEClient:Arch:00000 -BIOS/Legacy
PXEClient:Arch:00006 - UEFI x86
PXEClient:Arch:00007 - UEFI x64

Kwakhona, ndizamile iinketho ezahlukeneyo kwiifayile zesiqalo. .efi

syslinux
gquba 2

Ndiphinde ndazama ukufumana ingxaki kwi-Event Log.
win + r -> eventvwr -> Журналы приложений и служб -> Microsoft -> Windows -> Deployment-Services-Diagnostics

Kodwa, njengoko benditshilo ngasentla, ingxaki ikwifayile wdsmgfw.efi.
Mhlawumbi ndiyicime ngempazamo ngokwam, okanye ayizange ikhutshelwe ngexesha lofakelo
kunye nokuqwalasela i-WDS.

Ewe, masiqalise!

Imiyalelo

Inqanaba loku-1 - Qinisekisa ukuba i-WDS iyasebenza

Thatha nasiphi na isixhobo okanye umatshini wenyani onenkxaso yokuqalisa kwimowudi ye-UEFI phezu kwenethiwekhi kwaye uzame ukuqalisa.

Kuya kufuneka ube nalo mfanekiso ulandelayo:

Ukuba kunjalo, kuhle, ungaqhubeka.
Ukuba akunjalo, jonga oko ndikubhalileyo kwintshayelelo.

Inqanaba lesi-2 - Ukwakha iFayile yokuQalisa i-iPXE

Sisungula Ubuntu obulungiselelwe kwangaphambili, vula i-terminal kwaye uncamathisele lo mgca:

git clone https://git.ipxe.org/ipxe.git ipxe

Apha ndingathanda ukwenza uluvo oluncinci onokuthi wongeze iipakethe ku-Ubuntu eziyimfuneko ekuqulunqeni i-C kunye ne-C ++.
Ndizifakile nje.

Ikhutshelwe? - Kakhulu!
Ngoku kufuneka wenze ifayile yoqwalaselo yendibano.
Kwi-terminal, sibhala:

cd ipxe/src
gedit chain.ipxe

Kwaye uncamathisele ikhowudi elandelayo kule fayile, uze ugcine:

#!ipxe

dhcp
chain http://%IP-address-your-IIS-server%/install.ipxe

Sibuyela kwi-terminal kwaye siqale ukuhlanganisa:

make bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.efi EMBED=chain.ipxe

Ukuba yonke into ilungile, ke kuya kufuneka ufumane oku kulandelayo kwi-terminal:

Kwaye ifayile ipxe.efi, apha endleleni: ipxe/src/bin-x86_64-efi/ipxe.efi
Ukuba ngesizathu esithile awukwazi ukuqokelela ngokwakho,
Ndincamathele eyam ifayile.
Iqulunqwe ukuba iqale ukusuka http://192.168.0.100/install.ipxe

Kuphelele apho kuBuntu.

Inyathelo lesi-3 - Ukongeza ipxe.efi kwiWDS

Sithatha ifayile esiyifumene kwinqanaba lesibini kwaye siyikopishe endleleni:
%WDSpath%Bootx64%your-boot-folder%EFIBOOT
Emva kokuba siyiqambe kwakhona kwi-BOOTX64.EFI.
Akuyomfuneko, kukulungele ngakumbi.

Emva koko siqalisa cmd egameni lomlawuli, kwaye ubhale le miyalelo ilandelayo:

wdsutil /set-server /bootprogram:Bootx64%your-boot-folder%EFIBOOTBOOTX
64.EFI /architecture:x64uefi
и
wdsutil /set-server /N12bootprogram:Bootx64%your-boot-folder%EFIBOOTBOOTX
64.EFI /architecture:x64uefi

Oku kuya kucwangcisa ifayile enesiphumo ukuba ikhutshelwe nge-WDS.

Masijonge ubumbeko:

wdsutil /get-server /Show:Config

Ndikhuphe kwakhona ifayile ye-ipxe.efi, ndiyiqambe ngokutsha nge-BOOTIA32.EFI kwaye ndiyilungiselele i-boot, ukuba kunokwenzeka. architecture:x86uefi
Kodwa ngokubanzi, oku akukho ngqiqo, kuba. Ifayile yeBootmgfw.efi ayixhasi i-x86

Makhe sijonge ukuba kwenzeke ntoni.

Kakhulu, i-WDS ithumela ifayile yethu ukuba ikhutshelwe kwaye, nayo, ijonge uqwalaselo endleleni: http://192.168.0.100/install.ipxe

Inyathelo lesi-4 - Uqwalaselo lweMenu

Yiya kwingcambu yefolda yendawo yakho.
Ukumiselwa koku: C:inetpubwwwroot

Yenza ifayile yokubhaliweyo install.ipxe.

kwaye uyiqwalasele ngokwe uxwebhu kunye neemfuno zakho.
Kukho nolwimi lwesiRashiya inkcazo imiyalelo.
Ndayonwabela oku imiyalelo xa uqwalasela iWDS yakho.

install.ipxe umzekelo woqwalaselo

#!ipxe

:start
menu Please choose an operating system to start/install
item --gap Start Win PE
item WinPE-x64 WinPE x64
item --gap ipxe shell
item shell       Drop to iPXE shell

choose target && goto ${target}

:failed
echo Booting failed, dropping to shell
goto shell

:shell
echo Type 'exit' to get the back to the menu
shell
set menu-timeout 0
set submenu-timeout 0
goto start

:WinPE-x64
kernel http://192.168.0.100/wimboot
initrd http://192.168.0.100/peSE/Boot/bcd
initrd http://192.168.0.100/peSE/Boot/boot.sdi
initrd http://192.168.0.100/peSE/Boot/peSE64.wim
boot || goto failed

Unokufunda malunga noqwalaselo lokulayisha i-winPE apha.

Inqanaba 5 - iintlobo ze-MIME

Emva kokudala imenyu kunye nokongeza zonke iifayile eziyimfuneko kwifolda yengcambu ye-IIS,
kufuneka ubanike ukufikelela.

Ngokuba nokuba uzama ukukhuphela ifayile kwisikhangeli, uya kufumana impazamo kwidilesi yayo: HTTP 404.3 - Not Found.

Ukwenza oku, kufuneka udibanise iintlobo ze-MIME kwiqela lolawulo le-IIS, ngokuhambelana
ngezandiso zefayile oya kuzikhuphela nge http.

Khange ndikhangele ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-MIME olulungele le njongo, kwaye ndabuza application/octet-stream, emva koko yonke into yasebenza.

Kwiifayile ezingenalo ulwandiso, sebenzisa ichaphaza.

Njengolu:

isiphelo

Ekugqibeleni, sifumana ukukwazi ukuqala kwinethiwekhi yendawo nge-UEFI.

Ukuba senze yonke into ngokuchanekileyo, kuya kubakho into efana nale menyu yokukhetha ukuqala:

Ukuba ulungiselele izixhobo ezisisiseko kwaye awuyi kuzikhathaza ngokucwangciswa, ngoko kuthatha malunga nemizuzu eyi-10-20 ukuphumeza olu phawu.
Kwandithatha iintsuku ezi-2 zokusebenza, kuba. Kwafuneka ndiGoogle kakhulu.

Ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo!

Enkosi ngengqalelo yakho kwaye ndiyabulela kakhulu kwabo bantu bandincedile ngamanqaku abo!
KuHabré yile: Ingtar и Deeptown.

umthombo: www.habr.com

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-WDS: Ukongeza i-UEFI Boot Capability