NgoNovemba 30, 2010, uDavid Collier wabhala:
Ndiqaphele ukuba kwibhokisi exakekileyo amakhonkco ahlulwe ngokwala balawuli bane.
Ngaba kukho umgaqo olula wokumisela ukuba loluphi unxulumaniso ekufuneka lubekwe...
Ngokomzekelo, ukubulala ku / bin, kwaye i-killall ingaphakathi / usr / bin ... andiyiboni nayiphi na ingqiqo kolu lwahlulo.
Mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba uKen Thompson kunye noDennis Ritchie badala i-Unix kwi-PDP-7 kwi-1969. Ngoko ke, malunga ne-1971 baphucula kwi-PDP-11 kunye needisks ze-RK05 (i-1,5 megabytes nganye).
Xa inkqubo yokusebenza yakhula kwaye ingasafaneleki kwidiski yokuqala (apho inkqubo yefayile yeengcambu yayikuyo), bafudusa inxalenye yayo ukuya kweyesibini, apho abalawuli basekhaya babebekwe khona (ngoko ke, indawo yokunyuka yayibizwa ngokuba ngu/usr - ukusuka kumsebenzisi wegama). Baphinda baphinda bonke abalawuli be-OS abayimfuneko apho (/bin, /sbin, /lib, /tmp ...) kwaye babeka iifayile kwidiski entsha, kuba endala yayiphelelwe yindawo. Emva koko bafumana idiski yesithathu, bayixhoma kwi-/home directory kwaye bahambisa abalawuli basekhaya abasebenzisi apho ukuze i-OS ithathe sonke isithuba esishiyekileyo kwiidiski ezimbini, kwaye ezi zazikho. ukuya kuthi ga kwi-megabytes ezintathu (Wowu!).
Ewe, kwakufuneka benze umthetho wokuba "xa inkqubo yokusebenza iqala, kufuneka ikwazi ukunyusela idiski yesibini kwi / usr, ke musa ukubeka iinkqubo ezinje ngentaba kwidiski yesibini kwi / usr, kungenjalo uya ndinengxaki yenkukhu neqanda." Ilula ngolo hlobo. Kwaye oku kusebenza kwi-Unix V6 kwiminyaka engama-35 eyadlulayo.
Ukwahlulwa kwe/umgqomo kunye/ne/usr/bin (kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu afanayo) sisiphumo sezo ziganeko, iinkcukacha zokuphunyezwa kwe-70s ezazisakhutshelwa ngabalawuli amashumi eminyaka. Abazange babuze umbuzo kutheni, bayenza ngolo hlobo nje. Olu luhlu luye lwayeka ukwenza ingqiqo nangaphambi kokuba iLinux idalwe, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- Xa kulayishwa, i-initrd okanye i-initramfs isetyenziswa, ejongana neengxaki ezifana "nokufuna le fayile phambi kwaleyo." Ngaloo ndlela, siye safumana sele ikhona indlela yefayile yethutyana esetyenziswa ukulayisha yonke enye into.
- Amathala eencwadi ekwabelwana ngawo (aye wongezwa kwi-Unix ngabafana baseBerkley) akakuvumeli ukuba utshintshe imixholo ye /lib kunye /usr/lib ngokuzimeleyo. La malungu mabini kufuneka ahambelane, kungenjalo awayi kusebenza. Oku akuzange kwenzeke ngo-1974 ngenxa yokuba babenokuzimela ngoko nangoko ngenxa yonxibelelwano olungatshintshiyo.
- Ii-hard drives ezitshiphu eziphantsi zaphule umqobo we-megabyte ezili-100 malunga no-1990, kwaye iinkqubo zohlengahlengiso lwezahlulo zavela ngexesha elinye (i-partition magic 3.0 yaphuma ngo-1997).
Ewe, ekubeni kukho iyantlukwano, abanye abantu baye beza nemithetho ethethelela oko. Njengaye, ulwahlulo lweengcambu luyafuneka kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-OS, kwaye kufuneka ubeke iifayile zakho zasekhaya kwi / usr. Okanye bafaka / yintoni i-AT & T ehambisa ngayo, kwaye kwi / usr - yintoni ukuhanjiswa kwakho, i-IBM AIX, okanye i-Dec Ultrix, okanye i-SGI Irix eyongeziweyo, kunye / usr / yendawo iqulethe iifayile ezithile kwindlela yakho. Kwaye ke umntu wagqiba ekubeni / usr / wendawo ayisiyondawo ilungileyo yokufaka isoftware entsha, ngoko ke masiyongeze / sikhethe! Andiyi kumangaliswa ukuba / ukhethe / yendawo nayo ibonakala ...
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, ngenxa yolu lwahlulo, zonke iintlobo zemithetho enomdla ngokukodwa kwizabelo zomntu ziye zavela kwaye zanyamalala. Umzekelo, "/tmp iyacinywa ekuqaliseni kwakhona, kodwa /usr/tmp ayikho." (Kwaye ku-Ubuntu akukho / usr / tmp ngokomgaqo, kodwa kwiGentoo / usr / tmp ikhonkco engumfuziselo ukuya / var / tmp, ngoku iphantsi kwaloo mgaqo, kwaye ayicaciswanga ekuqaliseni kwakhona. Ewe, oku, oku Konke bekuphambi kwe tmpfs Kuyenzeka kwakhona ukuba inkqubo yefayile yengcambu ifundeka kuphela, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba ubhale nantoni na ku/usr nokuba, kodwa kufuneka ubhalele ku/var. kakhulu ayinakubhalwa, ngaphandle kwe/njl, abathi ngamanye amaxesha bazame ukuyisusa ku/var...)
Abaphathiswa abanje ngeLinux Foundation (ethe yafunxa iQela leMigangatho yaSimahla ngexesha lolwandiso lweminyaka eyadlulayo) bayakuvuyela ukubhala kunye nokwenza nzima le mithetho ngaphandle kokuzama ukuqonda isizathu sokuba ibekho. Abaqapheli ukuba uKen noDennis bavele bahambisa inxalenye ye-OS kuluhlu lwabo lwasekhaya kuba idiski ye-RK05 kwi-PDP-11 yayincinci kakhulu.
Ndiqinisekile ukuba i-busybox ibeka iifayile ngendlela efanayo ngokwembali. Akukho sizathu sokwenene sokwenza oko kude kube ngoku. Ngokomntu, ndenza nje / bin, / sbin kunye / lib ikhonkco kubalawuli abafanayo kwi / usr. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, abantu abasebenza ngesoftware edibeneyo bazama ukuqonda kunye nokwenza lula...
umthombo: www.habr.com