Ukusasaza i-ASA VPN yeQela lokuLawulwa-Balanceing

Kweli nqaku, ndingathanda ukunika imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo malunga nendlela onokukhawuleza ngayo ukuhambisa esona skimu sinobunzima okwangoku. Ukufikelela kude kwi-VPN ukufikelela kwisiseko AnyConnect kunye neCisco ASA - IQela lokuLawulwa kweVPN.

Intshayelelo: Iinkampani ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, ngokujonga imeko yangoku ye-COVID-19, zenza iinzame zokudlulisela abasebenzi bazo emsebenzini okude. Ngenxa yotshintsho oluninzi oluya kumsebenzi okude, umthwalo kumasango e-VPN akhoyo eenkampani uyenyuka kakhulu kwaye amandla okukhawuleza ukuwenza ayafuneka. Kwelinye icala, iinkampani ezininzi zinyanzelwa ukuba zikhawuleze ziqonde umbono womsebenzi okude ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Ukunceda amashishini ukuba afezekise ukufikelela okufanelekileyo, okukhuselekileyo, kunye nokwanda kweVPN kubasebenzi ngelona xesha lifutshane linokwenzeka, iCisco inika ilayisenisi yeAnyConnect feature-rich SSL VPN umxhasi ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezili-13. Ungathatha kwakhona i-ASAv yovavanyo (i-Virtual ASA ye-VMWare/Hyper-V/KVM hypervisors kunye ne-AWS/Azure cloud platforms) kumaqabane agunyazisiweyo okanye ngokuqhagamshelana nabameli beCisco abasebenza nawe..

Inkqubo yokukhupha iilayisensi ze-AnyConnect COVID-19 ichazwe apha.

Ndilungiselele isikhokelo sesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo sokuhanjiswa okulula kwe-VPN Load-Balancing Cluster njengeyona teknoloji ye-VPN eyingozi kakhulu.

Lo mzekelo ungezantsi uya kuba lula ngokwemigaqo yoqinisekiso kunye nogunyaziso lwe-algorithms esetyenzisiweyo, kodwa iya kuba lukhetho olulungileyo lwesiqalo esikhawulezayo (okwangoku akwanelanga kwabaninzi) kunye nokwenzeka kohlengahlengiso olunzulu kwiimfuno zakho ngexesha lokusasazwa. inkqubo.

Ulwazi olufutshane: Itekhnoloji ye-VPN ye-Bancing Balancing Cluster ayiyiyo i-failover kwaye ayikho umsebenzi wokudibanisa kwingqiqo yayo, le teknoloji inokudibanisa imodeli ye-ASA eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo (kunye nezithintelo ezithile) ukwenzela ukulayisha ibhalansi i-Remote-Access VPN uxhumano. Akukho kulungelelaniswa kweeseshoni kunye nokucwangciswa phakathi kwee-nodes zeqela elinjalo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukulayisha ngokuzenzekelayo ibhalansi ye-VPN uxhumano kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa kwempazamo yoxhumo lwe-VPN kude kube ubuncinane enye i-node esebenzayo ihlala kwiqela. Umthwalo kwi-cluster ulungelelaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuxhomekeke kumthwalo womsebenzi wee-nodes ngenani leeseshoni ze-VPN.

Kwi-faillover yeendawo ezithile zeqela (ukuba ziyafuneka), ifayile yefayili ingasetyenziswa, ngoko uxhulumaniso olusebenzayo luya kusingathwa yiNqanaba ePhambili yefayile. Ifayile yokugqithiswa kwefayile ayikho imeko efunekayo yokuqinisekisa ukunyamezela kwempazamo ngaphakathi kweqela loThutho-UkuBala, iqela ngokwalo, xa kukho ukungaphumeleli kwe-node, iya kudlulisela iseshoni yomsebenzisi kwenye indawo ephilayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokugcina imeko yoxhulumaniso, oluchanekileyo. inikwe ngumfaki-fayile. Ngokufanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukudibanisa ezi teknoloji zimbini.

Iqela le-VPN Lomthwalo-Balancing linokuqulatha ngaphezulu kweenodi ezimbini.

I-VPN Load-Bancing Cluster ixhaswa kwi-ASA 5512-X nangaphezulu.

Ekubeni i-ASA nganye ngaphakathi kwe-VPN Load-Balancing cluster yiyunithi ezimeleyo ngokwemimiselo, senza onke amanyathelo oqwalaselo ngamnye kwisixhobo ngasinye.

Iinkcukacha zetekhnoloji apha

I-logical topology yomzekelo onikiweyo:

Ubeko olungundoqo:

1. Sisebenzisa iimeko ze-ASAv zeetemplates esizifunayo (ASAv5/10/30/50) kumfanekiso.

2. Sabela ujongano NGAPHANDLE / NGAPHANDLE kwiVLAN efanayo (Ngaphandle kweVLAN yayo, NGAPHAKATHI kweyayo, kodwa ngokubanzi ngaphakathi kweqela, jonga i-topology), kubalulekile ukuba ujongano lohlobo olufanayo lukwicandelo elifanayo le-L2.

3. Iilayisensi:

   • Okwangoku ufakelo lwe-ASAv aluyi kuba naziphi na iilayisensi kwaye luya kulinganiselwa kwi-100kbps.
   • Ukufakela ilayisenisi, kufuneka wenze ithokheni kwi-Smart-Akhawunti yakho: https://software.cisco.com/ -> ILayisensi yeSoftware eSmart
   • Kwifestile evulayo, cofa iqhosha uMqondiso omtsha

   

   • Qinisekisa ukuba kwifestile evuliweyo kukho indawo esebenzayo kwaye ibhokisi yokukhangela ikhangelwe Vumela umsebenzi olawulwa ngaphandle... Ngaphandle kwale ntsimi esebenzayo, awuyi kukwazi ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-encryption eyomeleleyo kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, VPN. Ukuba lo mmandla awusebenzi, nceda uqhagamshelane neqela leakhawunti yakho ngesicelo sokuvula.

   

   • Emva kokucinezela iqhosha Yenza uMqondiso, umqondiso uya kwenziwa esiza kuwusebenzisa ukufumana ilayisenisi ye-ASAv, yikopishe:

   

   • Phinda amanyathelo C,D,E kwi-ASAv nganye ebekiweyo.
   • Ukwenza kube lula ukukopa ithokheni, masivumele i-telnet okwethutyana. Makhe siqwalasele i-ASA nganye (umzekelo ongezantsi ubonisa izicwangciso kwi-ASA-1). I-telnet ayisebenzi ngaphandle, ukuba uyayifuna ngokwenene, tshintsha inqanaba lokhuseleko ukuya kwi-100 ukuya ngaphandle, emva koko uyibuyisele.

   !
   ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/0
   ciscoasa(config)# nameif outside
   ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.31.30 255.255.255.0
   ciscoasa(config)# no shut
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/1
   ciscoasa(config)# nameif inside
   ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0
   ciscoasa(config)# no shut
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# telnet 0 0 inside
   ciscoasa(config)# username admin password cisco priv 15
   ciscoasa(config)# ena password cisco
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# route outside 0 0 192.168.31.1
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# wr
   !

   • Ukubhalisa ithokheni kwilifu le-Smart-Akhawunti, kufuneka unikeze ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kwi-ASA, iinkcukacha apha.

   Ngamafutshane, i-ASA iyafuneka:

   • ukufikelela nge-HTTPS kwi-Intanethi;
   • ungqamaniso lwexesha (ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi, nge-NTP);
   • iseva ye-DNS ebhalisiweyo;
     • Sitsalela umnxeba kwi-ASA yethu kwaye senze iisetingi zokuvula iphepha-mvume nge-Smart-Account.

   !
   ciscoasa(config)# clock set 19:21:00 Mar 18 2020
   ciscoasa(config)# clock timezone MSK 3
   ciscoasa(config)# ntp server 192.168.99.136
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# dns domain-lookup outside
   ciscoasa(config)# DNS server-group DefaultDNS
   ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# name-server 192.168.99.132 
   !
   ! Проверим работу DNS:
   !
   ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# ping ya.ru
   Type escape sequence to abort.
   Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 87.250.250.242, timeout is 2 seconds:
   !!!!!
   !
   ! Проверим синхронизацию NTP:
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# show ntp associations 
     address         ref clock     st  when  poll reach  delay  offset    disp
   *~192.168.99.136   91.189.94.4       3    63    64    1    36.7    1.85    17.5
   * master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured
   !
   ! Установим конфигурацию нашей ASAv для Smart-Licensing (в соответствии с Вашим профилем, в моем случае 100М для примера)
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# license smart
   ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# feature tier standard
   ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# throughput level 100M
   !
   ! В случае необходимости можно настроить доступ в Интернет через прокси используйте следующий блок команд:
   !call-home
   !  http-proxy ip_address port port
   !
   ! Далее мы вставляем скопированный из портала Smart-Account токен (<token>) и регистрируем лицензию
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# end
   ciscoasa# license smart register idtoken <token>

   • Sijonga ukuba isixhobo sibhalise ngempumelelo ilayisenisi kwaye iinketho zofihlo ziyafumaneka:

   

   

4. Seta isiseko se-SSL-VPN kwisango ngalinye

   • Okulandelayo, qwalasela ukufikelela nge-SSH kunye ne-ASDM:

   ciscoasa(config)# ssh ver 2
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication http console LOCAL
   ciscoasa(config)# hostname vpn-demo-1
   vpn-demo-1(config)# domain-name ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config)# cry key gen rsa general-keys modulus 4096 
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ssh 0 0 inside  
   vpn-demo-1(config)# http 0 0 inside
   !
   ! Поднимем сервер HTTPS для ASDM на порту 445 чтобы не пересекаться с SSL-VPN порталом
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# http server enable 445 
   !

   • Ukuze i-ASDM isebenze, kufuneka uqale uyikhuphele kwiwebhusayithi ye-cisco.com, kwimeko yam yile fayile ilandelayo:

   

   • Ukuze umxhasi we-AnyConnect asebenze, kufuneka ulayishe umfanekiso kwi-ASA nganye kumxhasi ngamnye osetyenzisiweyo we-desktop OS (ecetyelwe ukusebenzisa iLinux / Windows / MAC), uya kudinga ifayile ene IPhakheji yokusasazwa kwentloko Kwisihloko:

   

   • Iifayile ezikhutshelweyo zinokulayishwa, umzekelo, kwiseva yeFTP kwaye zifakwe kwi-ASA nganye:

   

   • Siqwalasela i-ASDM kunye nesatifikethi sokuZisayina se-SSL-VPN (kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isatifikethi esithembekileyo kwimveliso). Iseti ye-FQDN yeDilesi yeQela leVirtual (vpn-demo.ashes.cc), kunye ne-FQDN nganye ehambelana nedilesi yangaphandle yendawo yeqela ngalinye, kufuneka isombulule kwindawo ye-DNS yangaphandle kwidilesi ye-IP yojongano NGAPHANDLE (okanye kwidilesi ephawulweyo ukuba ugqithiso lwezibuko udp/443 luyasetyenziswa (DTLS) kunye ne-tcp/443(TLS)). Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kwiimfuno zesatifikethi zichaziwe kwicandelo Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesatifikethi uxwebhu.

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# crypto ca trustpoint SELF
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment self
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name cn=*.ashes.cc, ou=ashes-lab, o=ashes, c=ru
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# serial-number             
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# crl configure
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-crl)# cry ca enroll SELF
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   Generate Self-Signed Certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   vpn-demo-1(config)# 
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# sh cry ca certificates 
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 4d43725e
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: SHA256 with RSA Encryption
   Issuer Name: 
   serialNumber=9A439T02F95
   hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   cn=*.ashes.cc
   ou=ashes-lab
   o=ashes
   c=ru
   Subject Name:
   serialNumber=9A439T02F95
   hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   cn=*.ashes.cc
   ou=ashes-lab
   o=ashes
   c=ru
   Validity Date: 
   start date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 19 2020
   end   date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 17 2030
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: SELF 
   
   CA Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 0509
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: SHA1 with RSA Encryption
   Issuer Name: 
   cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
   o=QuoVadis Limited
   c=BM
   Subject Name: 
   cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
   o=QuoVadis Limited
   c=BM
   Validity Date: 
   start date: 21:27:00 MSK Nov 24 2006
   end   date: 21:23:33 MSK Nov 24 2031
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: _SmartCallHome_ServerCA               

   • Ungalibali ukukhankanya izibuko ukujonga ukuba iASDM iyasebenza, umzekelo:

   

   • Masenze useto olusisiseko lwetonela:
   • Masenze uthungelwano lwenkampani lufumaneke ngetonela, kwaye sivumele i-Intanethi ihambe ngokuthe ngqo (hayi eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo ukuba akukho zikhuselo kwinginginya edibanisayo, kuyenzeka ukuba ungene ngenginginya owosulelekileyo kwaye ubonise idatha yenkampani, ukhetho. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokwahlula-hlula itonela iyakuvumela zonke iitrafikhi zingene kwitonela. Nangona kunjalo itonela yokwahlula yenza kube lula ukukhuphela isango leVPN kwaye ungaqhubeki nokugcwala kwe-Intanethi)
   • Masikhuphe iidilesi ukusuka kwi-subnet ye-192.168.20.0/24 ukuya kubamkeli kwitonela (i-pool ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwiidilesi ze-30 (kwi-node #1)). I-node nganye ye-VPN cluster kufuneka ibe ne-pool yayo.
   • Siza kwenza uqinisekiso olusisiseko kunye nomsebenzisi owenziwe ekuhlaleni kwi-ASA (Oku akukhuthazwa, le yeyona ndlela ilula), kungcono ukwenza uqinisekiso ngokusebenzisa I-LDAP/RADIUS, okanye ngcono, tie Uqinisekiso lwezinto ezininzi (MFA)umzekelo Cisco DUO.

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ip local pool vpn-pool 192.168.20.10-192.168.20.30 mask 255.255.255.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# access-list split-tunnel standard permit 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY internal
   vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# vpn-tunnel-protocol ssl-client 
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-network-list value split-tunnel
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# dns-server value 192.168.99.132
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# default-domain value ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  default-group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  address-pool vpn-pool
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov password cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-username)# service-type remote-access
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ssl trust-point SELF
   vpn-demo-1(config)# webvpn
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  enable outside
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-4.8.03036-webdeploy-k9.pkg
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect enable
   !

   • (NGOKUKHETHA): Kulo mzekelo ungasentla, sisebenzise umsebenzisi wendawo kwi-ITU ukuqinisekisa abasebenzisi abakude, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphandle kwebhubhoratri, engasebenzi kakuhle. Ndiza kunika umzekelo wendlela yokulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuseta ukuqinisekiswa OKWI umncedisi, umzekelo osetyenzisiweyo Cisco Identity Services Engine:

   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# dynamic-authorization
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# interim-accounting-update
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# aaa-server RADIUS (outside) host 192.168.99.134
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# key cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# exit
   vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)# authentication-server-group  RADIUS 
   !

   Olu hlanganiso lwenze ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kungekuphela nje ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yokuqinisekisa kunye nenkonzo yolawulo lwe-AD, kodwa ukwahlula ukuba ikhompyutha edibeneyo yeye-AD, ukuqonda ukuba esi sixhobo sinobumbano okanye somntu, kunye nokuvavanya imeko yesixhobo esixhunyiwe. .

   

   

   • Masiqwalasele i-Transparent NAT ukuze i-traffic phakathi komxhasi kunye nemithombo yenethiwekhi yenkampani ayibhalwanga:

   vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)#  subnet 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source static any any destination static vpn-users vpn-users no-proxy-arp

   • (NGOKUZIKHETHELA): Ukuveza abathengi bethu kwi-Intanethi nge-ASA (xa usebenzisa i-tunnelle iinketho) usebenzisa iPAT, kunye nokuphuma ngendlela efanayo NGAPHANDLE ujongano apho zidityaniswe khona, kufuneka wenze ezi zicwangciso zilandelayo.

   vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)# nat (outside,outside) source dynamic vpn-users interface
   vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source dynamic any interface
   vpn-demo-1(config)# same-security-traffic permit intra-interface 
   !

   • Xa usebenzisa i-cluster, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuba inethiwekhi yangaphakathi iqonde ukuba yeyiphi i-ASA yokubuyisela i-traffic kubasebenzisi, kuba oku kufuneka usasaze iindlela / iidilesi ze-32 ezikhutshelwe abathengi.
     Okwangoku, asikaqulunqi iqela, kodwa sele sisebenza ngamasango e-VPN anokudibaniswa ngabanye nge-FQDN okanye i-IP.

   

   Sibona umxhasi oqhagamshelweyo kwitafile yomzila ye-ASA yokuqala:

   

   Ukuze yonke i-cluster yethu ye-VPN kunye nenethiwekhi yonke ye-corporate yazi indlela eya kumxhasi wethu, siya kuphinda sisasaze isimaphambili somthengi kwi-protocol yomzila, umzekelo, i-OSPF:

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE permit 1
   vpn-demo-1(config-route-map)#  match ip address VPN-REDISTRIBUTE
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# router ospf 1
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  network 192.168.255.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  log-adj-changes
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  redistribute static metric 5000 subnets route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE

   Ngoku sinendlela eya kumxhasi ukusuka kwisango lesibini le-ASA-2 kunye nabasebenzisi abaqhagamshelwe kwiisango ezahlukeneyo zeVPN ngaphakathi kweqela, umzekelo, ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nge-softphone yenkampani, kunye nokubuyisela i-traffic kwizibonelelo eziceliwe ngumsebenzisi. yiza kwisango elifunwayo leVPN:

   

5. Masiqhubele phambili ekuqwalaseleni iqela loThungelwano loThutho.

   Idilesi 192.168.31.40 iya kusetyenziswa njenge-IP yeVirtual (VIP - bonke abathengi be-VPN baya kuqala ukuxhuma kuyo), ukusuka kule dilesi i-Master Cluster iya kwenza i-REDIRECT kwi-node ye-cluster engaphantsi. Ungalibali ukubhala phambili kwaye uguqule irekhodi ye-DNS zombini kwidilesi nganye yangaphandle / FQDN yenode nganye yeqela, kunye ne-VIP.

   vpn-demo-1(config)# vpn load-balancing
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbpublic outside
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbprivate inside
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# priority 10
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster ip address 192.168.31.40
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster port 4000
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# redirect-fqdn enable
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster key cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster encryption
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster port 9023
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# participate
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)#

   • Sijonga ukusebenza kweqela kunye nabaxhasi ababini abaqhagamshelweyo:

   

   • Masenze ukuba ulwazi lomthengi lube lula ngakumbi ngeprofayile ye-AnyConnect ezenzekelayo nge-ASDM.

   

   Siyibiza iprofayile ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye sinxulumanisa ipolisi yethu yeqela kunye nayo:

   

   Emva koqhagamshelo olulandelayo lomxhasi, le profayile iya kukhutshelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ifakwe kumxhasi we-AnyConnect, ke ukuba ufuna ukunxibelelana, yikhethe kuluhlu:

   

   Kuba senze le profayile kwi-ASA enye kuphela usebenzisa i-ASDM, ungalibali ukuphinda amanyathelo kwezinye ii-ASAs kwiqela.

Isiphelo: Ke, sathumela ngokukhawuleza iqela lamasango amaninzi eVPN anokulinganisa okuzenzekelayo komthwalo. Ukongeza ii-nodes ezintsha kwiqela kulula, kunye nokulinganisa okulula okuthe tye ngokubeka oomatshini abatsha be-ASAv okanye ukusebenzisa ii-ASA zehardware. Umxhasi otyebileyo we-AnyConnect unokwandisa kakhulu uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo olukude ngokusebenzisa i Isimo (uqikelelo lwelizwe), eyona isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokubambisana nenkqubo yolawulo olusembindini kunye nokufikelela kwi-accounting Injini yeeNkonzo zesazisi.

umthombo: www.habr.com