Eli nqaku liza kuthelekisa izixhobo zogcino, kodwa okokuqala kufuneka ufumanise ukuba zikhawuleza kangakanani kwaye zijongana kakuhle nokubuyisela idatha kwii-backups.
Ukuthelekisa ngokulula, siya kuqwalasela ukubuyisela kwi-backup epheleleyo, ngakumbi kuba bonke abaviwa bayayixhasa le ndlela yokusebenza. Ukwenza lula, amanani sele ephakathi (i-arithmetic ithetha ukubaleka okuliqela). Iziphumo ziya kushwankathelwa kwitheyibhile, eya kuthi iqulethe ulwazi malunga nobuchule: ubukho be-web interface, ukukhululeka kokuseta kunye nokusebenza, ukukwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo, ubukho beempawu ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo (umzekelo, ukujonga ingqibelelo yedatha) , njl. Iigrafu ziya kubonisa umthwalo kumncedisi apho idatha iya kusetyenziswa (hayi iseva yokugcina iikopi zogcino).
Ukubuyisela idatha
rsync kunye netar ziya kusetyenziswa njengendawo yereferensi ukusukela oko izikripthi ezilula zokwenza iikopi zokugcina.
rsync ukujamelana nedatha yokuvavanya kwimizuzu emi-4 kunye nemizuzwana engama-28, ebonisa
umthwalo onjalo
Inkqubo yokubuyisela ibethe umda wenkqubo esezantsi yedisk yomncedisi wogcino wogcino (iigrafu zesawtooth). Unako kwakhona ukubona ngokucacileyo ukulayishwa kwe-kernel enye ngaphandle kweengxaki (iowait ephantsi kunye ne-softirq - akukho ngxaki kunye nediski kunye nenethiwekhi, ngokulandelanayo). Kuba ezinye iinkqubo ezimbini, ezizezi i-rdiff-backup kunye ne-rsnapshot, zisekwe kwi-rsync kwaye zibonelela nge-rsync rhoqo njengesixhobo sokubuyisela, ziya kuba malunga neprofayili yomthwalo ofanayo kunye nexesha lokubuyisela i-backup.
Tar ndiyenzile ngokukhawuleza
Imizuzu emi-2 kunye nemizuzwana engama-43:
Umthwalo wenkqubo uwonke ubuphezulu nge-avareji nge-20% ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-softirq - iindleko eziphezulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-subsystem yenethiwekhi zanda.
Ukuba i-archive icinezelwe ngakumbi, ixesha lokubuyisela liyenyuka ukuya kwimizuzu emi-3 imizuzwana eyi-19.
ngomthwalo onjalo kumncedisi oyintloko (ukukhulula kwicala lomncedisi oyintloko):
Inkqubo yoxinzelelo ithatha zombini iicores zeprosesa kuba kukho iinkqubo ezimbini ezisebenzayo. Ngokubanzi, esi sisiphumo esilindelekileyo. Kwakhona, isiphumo esithelekisekayo (imizuzu emi-3 kunye nemizuzwana engama-20) yafunyanwa xa kuqhutywa i-gzip kwicala leseva kunye ne-backups; iprofayile yomthwalo kumncedisi oyintloko yayifana kakhulu nokuqhuba i-tar ngaphandle kwe-gzip compressor (bona igrafu yangaphambili).
Π rdiff-backup ungangqamanisa ugcino lokugqibela olwenzileyo usebenzisa i-rsync eqhelekileyo (iziphumo ziya kufana), kodwa ugcino oludala lusafuna ukubuyiselwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yogcino lwe-rdiff, egqibe ubuyiselo kwimizuzu eli-17 kunye nemizuzwana eyi-17, ebonisa.
lo mthwalo:
Mhlawumbi le nto yayijoliswe, ubuncinane ukunciphisa isantya sababhali . Inkqubo yokubuyisela ikopi yogcino ngokwayo ithatha ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sesiseko esinye, kunye nokusebenza ngokulinganayo (okt 2-5 amaxesha acothayo) phezu kwediski kunye nenethiwekhi nge-rsync.
Umfanekiso omfutshane Ukubuyisela, iphakamisa ukusebenzisa i-rsync rhoqo, ngoko iziphumo zayo ziya kufana. Ngokubanzi, le yindlela eyenzeka ngayo.
Ukugquma Ndiwugqibile umsebenzi wokubuyisela i-backup kwimizuzu ye-7 kunye nemizuzwana emi-2 nge
ngalo mthwalo:
Isebenze ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ubuncinci ilunge ngakumbi kune-rsync ecocekileyo: awudingi ukukhumbula naziphi na iiflegi, ujongano olulula kunye ne-intuitive cli, inkxaso eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yeekopi ezininzi-nangona icotha kabini. Ukuba ufuna ukubuyisela idatha kwi-backup yokugqibela oyenzile, ungasebenzisa i-rsync, kunye neengqungquthela ezimbalwa.
Inkqubo ibonise malunga nesantya kunye nomthwalo ofanayo Ugcino PC xa uvumela imowudi yodluliselo lwe-rsync, kuthunyelwa ugcino lwe
Imizuzu esi-7 kunye nemizuzwana engama-42:
Kodwa kwimowudi yokudlulisa idatha, iBackupPC ijongane netha kancinci kancinci: kwimizuzu eli-12 kunye nesekondi eli-15, umthwalo weprosesa wawuphantsi.
ixesha elinye elinesiqingatha:
Ukuphinda kabini ngaphandle koguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lubonise iziphumo ezingcono kancinci, ukubuyisela i-backup kwimizuzu eyi-10 kunye nemizuzwana engama-58. Ukuba wenza i-encryption isebenze usebenzisa i-gpg, ixesha lokubuyisela liyenyuka ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-15 kunye nemizuzwana emi-3. Kwakhona, xa usenza indawo yokugcina iikopi, ungakhankanya ubungakanani bogcino oluya kusetyenziswa xa kusahlulahlula idatha engenayo. Ngokubanzi, kwii-hard drives eziqhelekileyo, kwakhona ngenxa yendlela yokusebenza enemisonto enye, akukho mahluko kakhulu. Inokuvela kubungakanani bebhloko obahlukeneyo xa kusetyenziswa ugcino oluxutyiweyo. Umthwalo kumncedisi oyintloko ngexesha lokubuyisela kwakuloluhlobo lulandelayo:
akukho guqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
ngoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
Phinda kabini ubonise umlinganiselo wokubuyisela othelekisekayo, ukuwugqiba kwimizuzu eyi-13 kunye nemizuzwana engama-45. Kuthathe malunga neminye imizuzu emi-5 ukujonga ukuchaneka kwedatha efunyenweyo (iyonke malunga nemizuzu eyi-19). Umthwalo wawunjalo
phezulu kakhulu:
Xa i-aes encryption yenziwe ngaphakathi, ixesha lokubuyisela laliyimizuzu ye-21 imizuzwana ye-40, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-CPU kubuninzi bayo (zombini ii-cores!) Ngexesha lokubuyisela; Xa ujonga idatha, intambo enye kuphela ibisebenza, ithatha undoqo weprosesa enye. Ukujonga idatha emva kokubuyisela kuthatha imizuzu emi-5 efanayo (phantse i-27 imizuzu iyonke).
Isiphumo
I-duplicati yayikhawuleza kancinci ngokuchacha xa usebenzisa inkqubo yegpg yangaphandle yoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, kodwa ngokubanzi umahluko kwimo yangaphambili umncinci. Ixesha lokusebenza laliyimizuzu ye-16 imizuzwana ye-30, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwedatha kwimizuzu ye-6. Umthwalo wawunjalo
ezifana:
AMANDA, usebenzisa i-tar, wayigqiba kwimizuzu emi-2 imizuzwana engama-49, leyo, ngokomgaqo, isondele kakhulu kwi-tar eqhelekileyo. Layisha kwinkqubo ngokomgaqo
enjalo:
Xa ubuyisela i-backup usebenzisa zbackup ezi ziphumo zilandelayo zifunyenwe:
uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, ucinezelo lwe-lzma
Ixesha lokubaleka imizuzu eyi-11 kunye nemizuzwana eyi-8
Ufihlo lwe-AES, ucinezelo lwe-lzma
Ixesha lokusebenza imizuzu eyi-14
Ufihlo lwe-AES, ucinezelo lwe-lzo
Ixesha lokubaleka yimizuzu emi-6, imizuzwana eyi-19
Ngokubanzi, hayi kakubi. Konke kuxhomekeke kwisantya seprosesa kwi-server yokugcina, enokubonwa ngokucacileyo ukusuka kwixesha elisebenzayo leprogram kunye ne-compressors ezahlukeneyo. Kwicala le-server yogcino, i-tar eqhelekileyo yasungulwa, ngoko ke ukuba uyayithelekisa nayo, ukubuyiswa kukucotha amaxesha ama-3. Kunokuba kufanelekile ukujonga umsebenzi kwimowudi enemisonto emininzi, enemisonto engaphezu kwemibini.
BorgBackup kwimo engabhalwanga yayicotha kancinci kune tar, kwimizuzu emi-2 imizuzwana engama-45, nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo netar, kuye kwenzeka ukuba ukhuphe indawo yokugcina. Umthwalo wajika waba
ezilandelayo:
Ukuba wenza uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo olusekwe kwiblake, isantya sokubuyisela sicotha kancinane. Ixesha lokubuyisela kule ndlela yimizuzu emi-3 imizuzwana ye-19, kwaye umthwalo uphelile
ndiyayithanda lento:
Ubhalo lwe-AES lucotha kancinane, ixesha lokubuyisela yimizuzu emi-3 imizuzwana engama-23, umthwalo ngokukodwa
ayitshintshanga:
Ekubeni i-Borg inokusebenza kwimodi enemisonto emininzi, umthwalo weprosesa uphezulu, kwaye xa imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo ivuliwe, ixesha lokusebenza landa nje. Kuyabonakala ukuba, kufanelekile ukuphonononga ukufundwa kwemininzi ngendlela efanayo ne-zbackup.
Ukuthintela ukujamelana nokuchacha kancinci kancinci, ixesha lokusebenza laliyimizuzu emi-4 imizuzwana engama-28. Umthwalo wawubonakala ngathi
ngolu hlobo:
Kuyabonakala ukuba inkqubo yokubuyisela isebenza kwimisonto emininzi, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle akukho phezulu njengaleyo yeBorgBackup, kodwa ithelekiseka ngexesha kwi-rsync eqhelekileyo.
Ngo kunceda urBackup Kwakunokwenzeka ukubuyisela idatha kwimizuzu ye-8 kunye nemizuzwana ye-19, umthwalo wawukho
ezifana:
Umthwalo awukabiphezulu kakhulu, nokuba ungaphantsi kwalowo wetela. Kwezinye iindawo kukho ukugqabhuka, kodwa akukho ngaphezu komthwalo wondoqo omnye.
Ukukhethwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweekhrayitheriya zokuthelekisa
Njengoko kuchaziwe kwelinye lamanqaku angaphambili, inkqubo yokugcina kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Ukusebenziseka lula
- Ukungafani
- Uzinzo
- Isantya
Kufanelekile ukuqwalasela inqaku ngalinye ngokwahlukileyo ngokubanzi.
Ukusebenza ngokulula
Kungcono xa kukho iqhosha elinye "Yenza yonke into kakuhle," kodwa ukuba ubuyela kwiinkqubo zangempela, eyona nto ifanelekileyo iya kuba ngumgaqo oqhelekileyo kunye nomgangatho wokusebenza.
Uninzi lwabasebenzisi baya kuba ngcono ukuba abanakukhumbula iqela lezitshixo ze-cli, qwalasela iqela leenketho ezahlukeneyo, ezihlala zifihlakele ngewebhu okanye i-tui, okanye ukuseta izaziso malunga nokusebenza okungaphumelelanga. Oku kukwabandakanya ukukwazi "ukulungelelanisa" isisombululo sokulondoloza kwisiseko esikhoyo, kunye nokuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yokugcina. Kukwakho ukufakwa kofakelo usebenzisa umphathi wepakethe, okanye kumyalelo omnye okanye emibini efana βnokukhuphela kunye nokukhuphaβ. curl ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | sudo bash -indlela entsonkothileyo, kuba kufuneka ujonge oko kufika ngekhonkco.
Ngokomzekelo, kubaviwa abaqwalaselwayo, isisombululo esilula yi-burp, i-rdiff-backup kunye ne-restic, enezitshixo ze-mnemonic kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Kancinci nzima ngakumbi i-borg kunye nokuphindaphinda. Oyena wayenzima yayingu AMANDA. Abanye bakwindawo ethile embindini malunga nokusebenziseka ngokulula. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuba ufuna imizuzwana engama-30 ukufunda incwadana yomsebenzisi, okanye kufuneka uye kuGoogle okanye enye injini yokukhangela, kwaye uphinde ujikeleze kwiphepha elide loncedo, isigqibo sinzima, enye indlela okanye enye.
Abanye babaviwa abaqwalaselwayo bayakwazi ukuthumela umyalezo ngokuzenzekelayo nge-e-mailjabber, ngelixa abanye baxhomekeke kwizilumkiso ezicwangcisiweyo kwisistim. Ngaphaya koko, izisombululo ezihlala zintsonkothile azinaseto esilumkileyo esicacileyo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuba inkqubo yokulondoloza ivelisa ikhowudi yokubuyisela engekho zero, eya kuqondwa ngokuchanekileyo yinkonzo yenkqubo yemisebenzi yexesha (umyalezo uya kuthunyelwa kumlawuli wenkqubo okanye ngokuthe ngqo ukubeka iliso) - imeko ilula. Kodwa ukuba inkqubo yogcino, engaqhubekiyo kwi-server yogcino, ayikwazi ukuqwalaselwa, indlela ecacileyo yokuthetha ngengxaki kukuba ubunzima sele bugqithise. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukukhupha izilumkiso kunye neminye imiyalezo kuphela kujongano lwewebhu okanye kwilog yinkqubo embi, kuba amaxesha amaninzi abayi kuhoywa.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-automation, inkqubo elula inokufunda izinto eziguquguqukayo zokusingqongileyo ezibeka imo yokusebenza yayo, okanye ine-cli ephuhlisiwe ekwazi ukuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo ukuziphatha xa usebenza nge-web interface, umzekelo. Oku kukwabandakanya amathuba okusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, ukufumaneka kwamathuba okwandisa, njl.
Ukungafani
Ngokuyinxenye ichaza icandelwana langaphambili elimalunga ne-automation, akufuneki ibe yingxaki ethile βukufakaβ inkqubo yogcino kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamazibuko angengomgangatho (kakuhle, ngaphandle kojongano lwewebhu) kumsebenzi, ukuphunyezwa kofihlo ngendlela engekho mgangathweni, utshintshiselwano lwedatha usebenzisa iprotocol engekho mgangathweni yimiqondiso yokunga -isisombululo jikelele. Ubukhulu becala, bonke abaviwa banazo ngendlela enye okanye enye ngesizathu esicacileyo: ukulula kunye nokuguquguquka ngokuqhelekileyo akuhambisani kunye. Ngokukodwa - burp, kukho abanye.
Njengomqondiso - ukukwazi ukusebenza usebenzisa i-ssh eqhelekileyo.
Isantya somsebenzi
Eyona ngongoma iphikisanayo neyimpikiswano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, saqalisa inkqubo, yasebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayizange iphazamise imisebenzi ephambili. Kwelinye icala, kukho ukunyuka kwetrafikhi kunye nomthwalo weprosesa ngexesha lokugcinwa. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo zokwenza iikopi zihlala zihlupheka kakhulu ngokwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kubasebenzisi. Kwakhona: ukuba ukuze ufumane ifayile yokubhaliweyo enelishwa yamashumi amaninzi eebhayithi ngobukhulu kunye negama eligqithisiweyo, kwaye ngenxa yalo lonke ixabiso lenkonzo (ewe, ewe, ndiyaqonda ukuba inkqubo yogcino ayisoloko inetyala apha), kwaye kufuneka uphinde ufunde ngokulandelelanayo zonke iifayile kwindawo yokugcina okanye wandise yonke i-archive - inkqubo yogcino ayinakuze ikhawuleze. Enye inqaku elihlala lisisikhubekiso sisantya sokuthumela i-backup kwindawo yogcino. Kukho i-advanteji ecacileyo apha kwabo banokukhuphela okanye basuse iifayile kwindawo efunwayo ngaphandle kokukhohlisa okuninzi (rsync, umzekelo), kodwa kaninzi ingxaki kufuneka isonjululwe ngendlela yombutho, ngamandla: ngokulinganisa ixesha lokubuyisela emva. kunye nokwazisa ngokuvulelekileyo abasebenzisi malunga noku.
Uzinzo
Kufuneka iqondwe ngolu hlobo: kwelinye icala, kufuneka kube nokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe ikopi yogcino ngasemva nangayiphi na indlela, kwelinye icala, kufuneka ixhathise kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo: uphazamiseko lwenethiwekhi, ukusilela kwedisk, ukucinywa kwenxalenye ye indawo yokugcina.
Ukuthelekiswa kwezixhobo zokugcina
Khuphela ixesha lokudala
Kopisha ixesha lokubuyisela
Ukufakwa ngokulula
Ukuseta lula
Ukusetyenziswa ngokulula
I-automation elula
Ngaba ufuna iseva yomxhasi?
Ukujonga imfezeko yendawo yokugcina
Iikopi ezahlukeneyo
Ukusebenza ngombhobho
Ukungafani
Ukuzimela
Indawo yokugcina izinto elubala
Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
Uxinzelelo
Ukunciphisa
Ujongano lwewebhu
Ukuzalisa kwilifu
Inkxaso yeWindows
Amanqaku
rsync
4m15s
4m28s
ewe
akukho
akukho
akukho
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
ewe
6
Tar
ecocekileyo
3m12s
2m43s
ewe
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
akukho
ewe
8,5
gzip
9m37s
3m19s
ewe
Rdiff-backup
16m26s
17m17s
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
11
Umfanekiso omfutshane
4m19s
4m28s
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
12,5
Ukugquma
11m9s
7m2s
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
10,5
Ukuphinda kabini
akukho guqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
16m48s
10m58s
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
11
gpg
17m27s
15m3s
Phinda kabini
akukho guqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
20m28s
13m45s
akukho
ewe
akukho
akukho
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
11
AES
29m41s
21m40s
gpg
26m19s
16m30s
zbackup
akukho guqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
40m3s
11m8s
ewe
ewe
akukho
akukho
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
akukho
akukho
10
AES
42m0s
14m1s
ewe+lzo
18m9s
6m19s
BorgBackup
akukho guqulelo oluntsonkothileyo
4m7s
2m45s
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
16
AES
4m58s
3m23s
blake2
4m39s
3m19s
Ukuthintela
5m38s
4m28s
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
15,5
urBackup
8m21s
8m19s
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
12
Amanda
9m3s
2m49s
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
13
Ugcino PC
rsync
12m22s
7m42s
ewe
akukho
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
akukho
ewe
ewe
akukho
ewe
akukho
ewe
10,5
ithala
12m34s
12m15s
Ilivo kwitheyibhile:
- Uhlaza, ixesha lokusebenza ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu, okanye uphendule "Ewe" (ngaphandle kwekholamu "Ngaba ufuna umncedisi womxhasi?"), Inqaku eli-1
- Iphuzi, ixesha lokusebenza imizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi, amanqaku angama-0.5
- Ebomvu, ixesha lomsebenzi lingaphezulu kwemizuzu elishumi, okanye impendulo ithi "Hayi" (ngaphandle kwekholamu "Ngaba ufuna umncedisi womxhasi?"), 0 amanqaku
Ngokwetheyibhile engentla, eyona ilula, ikhawulezayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye iluncedo kwaye inamandla isixhobo sogcino yiBorgBackup. I-Restic ithathe indawo yesibini, abanye abaviwa abaqwalaselwayo babekwe ngokulinganayo ngokusasazwa kwenqaku elinye okanye amabini ekugqibeleni.
Ndiyabulela wonke umntu ofunde uluhlu ukuya ekupheleni, ndiyakumema ukuba uxoxe ngeenketho kwaye unikeze eyakho, ukuba ikhona. Njengoko ingxoxo iqhubela phambili, itheyibhile inokwandiswa.
Isiphumo solu chungechunge siya kuba linqaku lokugqibela, apho kuya kubakho umzamo wokuphuhlisa isixhobo esilungileyo, esikhawulezayo nesilawulekayo esikuvumela ukuba ukhuphele ikopi ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwangaxeshanye kube lula kwaye kulula ukuyiqwalasela nokugcina. .
Isibhengezo
Backup Icandelo 6: Ukuthelekisa Tools Backup
Ugcino lweCandelo 7: Izigqibo
umthombo: www.habr.com