"Ndiyi-cyborg ngoku!" - U-Liam Zibidi wase-Australia, umdwebi wenkqubo oselula, injineli ye-blockchain / Fullstack kunye nombhali, uyazingca, njengoko ezibonisa kumaphepha akhe. . Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, wagqiba iprojekthi yakhe ye-DIY yokwenza isixhobo esinxitywayo, awathi ngokungenazintloni wasibiza ngokuba "yi-pancreas yokwenziwa." Kunoko, sithetha ngempompo ye-insulin ezilawulayo, kwaye i-cyborg yethu ayizange ithathe indlela elula kwezinye iinkalo zendalo yakhe. Funda ngakumbi malunga nombono wesixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe bomthombo ovulekileyo obuxhomekeke kuwo kamva kwinqaku.
imizobo ngaphandle kwedayagram yesixhobo ithathwa kuyo
Isifo seswekile kwi dummies
U-Liam unesifo seswekile se-1.
Ukuba ichanekile, igama elithi "isifo seswekile" lithetha iqela lezifo ezinokunyuka kwe-diuresis - ukuphuma komchamo, kodwa inani lezigulane ezine-diabetes mellitus (DM) likhulu, kwaye igama elifutshane liye lahlala ngokufihlakeleyo kwi-DM. Emuva kumaXesha Aphakathi, izigulane ezininzi ezinesifo sikashukela zaqaphela ubukho beswekile kumchamo wabo. Kwadlula ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe i-insulin yehomoni (eyayiza kuba yiprotein yokuqala elandelelana ngokupheleleyo kwimbali) kunye nendima yayo kwi-pathogenesis yesifo seswekile.
I-insulin yeyona hormone ibaluleke kakhulu elawula imetabolism yezinto ezininzi, kodwa isiphumo sayo esiphambili sikwimetabolism ye-carbohydrates, kubandakanya neswekile "ephambili" - iswekile. Kwimetabolism yeglucose kwiiseli, i-insulin, xa sithetha nje, yimolekyuli yomqondiso. Kukho iimolekyuli ze-insulin ezikhethekileyo kumphezulu weeseli. "Ukuhlala" kuzo, i-insulin inika umqondiso wokuqalisa i-cascade ye-biochemical reactions: iseli iqala ukuthutha i-glucose ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwi-membrane yayo kwaye iqhube ngaphakathi.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-insulin inokufaniswa nomsebenzi wamatsha-ntliziyo awayeze kulwa nomkhukula. Izinga le-insulin lixhomekeke kwisixa se-glucose: ngakumbi kukho, ngakumbi inqanaba le-insulin lilonke liphakama ekuphenduleni. Ndiyaphinda: linqanaba lezicubu ezibalulekileyo, kwaye kungekhona inani leemolekyuli, ezihambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-glucose, kuba i-insulin ngokwayo ayibopheleli kwi-glucose kwaye ayichithwanga kwi-metabolism yayo, njengoko amavolontiya engaseli. amanzi angenayo, kodwa akhe amadama omphakamo othile. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ukugcina le nqanaba elithile le-insulin phezu kweeseli, kunye nokuphakama kwamadama okwethutyana kwiindawo ezikhukulayo.
Kucacile ukuba ukuba akukho insulin eyaneleyo, ngoko i-metabolism ye-glucose iphazamiseka, ayidluli kwiiseli, iqokelele kwi-biological fluids. Le yi-pathogenesis yesifo sikashukela. Ngaphambili, kukho isigama esibhidayo esithi "isifo sikashukela esixhomekeke kwi-insulin / esizimeleyo," kodwa sichanekile ngakumbi ukuyibeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile lukungabikho ngokomzimba kwe-insulin (isizathu soku kudla ngokufa kweeseli ze-pancreatic); Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile luyancipha impendulo yomzimba kwinqanaba le-insulin yayo (zonke izizathu aziqondwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziyahlukahluka). Uhlobo loku-1 - kukho amavolontiya ambalwa kwaye abanalo ixesha lokwakha amadama; Uhlobo lwe-2 - amadama anobude obuqhelekileyo, kodwa agcwele imingxuma okanye akhiwe ngaphesheya.
Ingxaki yohlengahlengiso lwezandla
Zombini iintlobo, njengoko zicaca, zikhokelela ekunyuseni kwamanqanaba e-glucose ngaphandle kweeseli - egazini, umchamo, onempembelelo embi kuwo wonke umzimba. Kufuneka siphile ngokubala ΠΈ kwisirinji kunye nepleyiti, ngokulandelelanayo. Kodwa awukwazi ukuhlala ulawula ngesandla into eyenziwa ngumzimba ngokwawo. Umntu kufuneka alale, kwaye ngelixa elele, amanqanaba e-insulin aqhubeka ewa; umntu unokuthi, ngenxa yeemeko zemihla ngemihla, angadli ngexesha - kwaye ke inqanaba lakhe leswekile liya kuhla phantsi kwefuthe lezinga eligcinwe ngokufanelekileyo le-insulin. Ngokwenyani, ubomi buzifumana bukwitonela yemilinganiselo yeglucose, ngaphaya kwayo kukho isiqaqa.
Inxalenye yesisombululo kule ngxaki yayizizixhobo zanamhlanje ezithatha indawo yesirinji - iimpompo ze-insulin. Esi sisixhobo esisebenzisa inaliti ye-hypodermic ehlala ifakiwe ukwenza idosi ye-insulin ngokuzenzekelayo. Kodwa unikezelo olufanelekileyo lulodwa aluqinisekisi unyango oluchanekileyo lwe-insulin ngaphandle kwedatha kwinqanaba le-glucose yangoku. Le yenye intloko ebuhlungu oogqirha kunye ne-biotechnologists: iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo kunye nokuqikelelwa okuchanekileyo kwe-dynamics ye-insulin kunye namazinga e-glucose. Ngokobuchwephesha, oku kwaqala ukuphunyezwa ngendlela yokujonga i-glucose eqhubekayo - iinkqubo zeCGM. Ezi zixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziqhubeka zifunda idatha kwi-sensor ehlala ifakwe phantsi kwesikhumba. Le ndlela ayibuhlungu kwaye inomtsalane ngakumbi kubasebenzisi kuneyona yakudala. , kodwa okokugqibela kuchanekile ngakumbi kwaye kunconywa ukuba kusetyenziswe ukuba inqanaba leswekile lisalele kakhulu "lihla" okanye ngandlela-thile litshintsha ngokukhawuleza ngexesha.
Ikhonkco eliphakathi kule nkqubo ngumntu - ngokuqhelekileyo isigulane ngokwakhe. Ilungisa unikezelo lwe-insulin ngokuxhomekeke kufundo lweglucometer kunye nentsingiselo elindelekileyo - nokuba utyile iilekese okanye ulungiselela ukutsiba isidlo sasemini. Kodwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-elektroniki echanekileyo, umntu uba likhonkco elibuthathaka - kuthekani ukuba ngexesha lokulala ufumana i-hypoglycemia enzima kwaye alahlekelwe zingqondo? Okanye ngaba uya kuziphatha ngenye indlela engafanelekanga, ukulibala / ukuphosa / ukumisa isixhobo ngokungalunganga, ngakumbi ukuba usengumntwana? Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abantu abaninzi baye bacinga malunga nokudala iinkqubo zempendulo-ukuze isixhobo sokufaka i-insulin sijoliswe kwisiphumo esivela kwi-sensors ye-glucose.
Ingxelo kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ivela ngokukhawuleza - kukho iimpompo ezininzi kunye neeglucometers kwimarike. Ukongeza, ezi zixhobo zonke ezilawulayo, kwaye zifuna iprosesa eqhelekileyo kunye nesoftware ezilawulayo.
Amanqaku sele epapashiwe kuHabrΓ© [, ] kumxholo wokudibanisa izixhobo ezibini zibe yinkqubo enye. Ukongeza ekongezeni ityala lesithathu, ndiza kukuxelela kancinci malunga neeprojekthi zehlabathi ezidibanisa iinzame zabanomdla abafuna ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezifanayo ngokwabo.
Iprojekthi ye-OpenAPS (iNkqubo yokuVula iPancreas yeArtificial) yasekwa nguDana Lewis waseSeattle. Ekupheleni kuka-2014, yena, naye onesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, wagqiba ekubeni enze uvavanyo olufanayo. Emva kokuzama nokuchaza isixhobo sakhe ngokweenkcukacha, ekugqibeleni wafumanisa , echaza ngokubanzi indlela yokudibanisa imitha yakho yeCGM kunye nepompo, kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukeneyo, kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo eziphakathi, iinketho zesofthiwe kwi-Github, kunye namaxwebhu amaninzi avela kuluntu olukhulayo lwabasebenzisi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo egxininiswa yi-OpenAPS kukuba "siza kukunceda ngemiyalelo eneenkcukacha, kodwa yonke into kufuneka uyenze ngokwakho." Inyani yeyokuba imisebenzi enjalo ilinyathelo elinye ukusuka kwizohlwayo ezinzulu ezivela kwi-FDA (i-American Food and Drug Administration, enegunya layo libandakanya onke amayeza kunye neemveliso zonyango). Kwaye ukuba akanakukuthintela ekophuleni izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo kwaye uzidibanise kwiinkqubo zasekhaya ukuze uzisebenzise kuwe, ngoko naliphi na ilinge lokukunceda wenze okanye ulithengise liya kohlwaywa ngokuqatha. Okwesibini, kodwa akukho mbono ibaluleke kangako ye-OpenAPS lukhuseleko lwenkqubo yasekhaya. Amaxwebhu kwifom kunye ne-algorithms ecacileyo, eneenkcukacha zijolise ngokukodwa ekuncedeni isigulane kwaye singazilimazi.
Ifestile yeakhawunti ye-Nightscout
Enye iprojekthi , ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba balayishe idatha kwizixhobo zabo zeCGM kwisitoreji sefu ngexesha langempela ngokusebenzisa i-smartphone, i-smart watch kunye nezinye izixhobo, kunye nokujonga kunye nokusebenza kwedatha efunyenweyo. Le projekthi ijolise ekwenzeni olona lwazi luluncedo kwaye lusebenziseke lula lwedatha, kwaye ikwaqulethe izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha, umzekelo, ii-glucometers ezinee-smartphones ezine-OS enye okanye enye kunye nesoftware eyimfuneko kunye nabathumeli abaphakathi.
Ukubonwa kwedatha kubalulekile ekumiseleni ukuguquguquka kwemihla ngemihla kwi-glucose kwindlela yakho yokuphila kunye nokulungiswa okunokwenzeka kokuziphatha kunye nokutya, ukuhambisa idatha kwifom yegraphical efanelekileyo kwi-smartphone okanye i-smart watch, ukuqikelela intsingiselo kumanqanaba eglucose kwikamva elikufutshane, kunye nakwixesha elizayo. Ukongeza, le datha inokufundwa kwaye iqhutywe yi-OpenAPS software. Yile nto kanye uLiam ayisebenzisayo kwiprojekthi yakhe. Kumanqaku e-KDPV - idatha yakhe yobuqu evela kwinkonzo yelifu, apho "ifolokhwe" emfusa ngasekunene ngamanqanaba eglucose aqikelelweyo yi-OpenAPS.
Iprojekthi yeLiam
Unokufunda malunga neprojekthi ngokweenkcukacha kwingeniso ehambelanayo kwiblogi yakhe, ndiza kuzama ukuyichaza kwakhona ngokucwangcisiweyo nangokucacileyo.
I-Hard ibandakanya ezi zixhobo zilandelayo: impompo ye-insulin ye-Medtronic u-Liam awayenayo ekuqaleni; I-CGM (iglucometer) I-FreeStyle Libre enenzwa ye-NFC; exhunywe kuyo yi-MiaoMiao transmitter, ehambisa idatha kwi-sensor ye-NFC yesikhumba kwi-smartphone ngeBluetooth; I-Intel Edison microcomputer njengeprosesa yokulawula yonke inkqubo isebenzisa i-APS evulekileyo; I-Explorer HAT sisithuthi sikanomathotholo sokudibanisa okokugqibela kunye ne-smartphone kunye nempompo.
Isangqa sivaliwe.
I-hardware yonke ixabisa i-Liam β¬ 515, ngaphandle kwempompo awayenayo ngaphambili. Wayala zonke izinto zakhe ezivela eAmazon, kuquka no-Edison oyekiweyo. Kwakhona, i-subcutaneous sensors ye-CGM Libre yinto ebiza kakhulu - i-euro ezingama-70 ngeqhekeza ngalinye, elihlala iintsuku ezili-14.
Isoftware: okokuqala, ukuhanjiswa kweJubilinux Linux ye-Edison kwaye emva koko kufakwe i-OpenAPS kuyo, apho umbhali wesixhobo, ngokutsho kwakhe, wabandezeleka ngayo. Okulandelayo kwakuseta ukudluliselwa kwedatha ukusuka kwi-CGM ukuya kwi-smartphone kunye nelifu, apho kwafuneka anike ilayisenisi yokwakhiwa kwesicelo se-xDrip (i-150 euros) kunye nokuseta i-Nightscout - kwafuneka "itshatile" kunye ne-OpenAPS ngokusebenzisa iiplagi ezikhethekileyo. . Kwakukho iingxaki kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo sonke, kodwa uluntu lwe-Nightscout luncede ngempumelelo uLiam ukuba afumane iibhugi.
Ewe, kunokubonakala ngathi umbhali uye wayenza nzima kakhulu le projekthi. I-Intel Edison eyeka ixesha elide yakhethwa nguLiam "njengeyona nto inamandla ngakumbi kuneRaspberry Pi." I-Apple OS yongeze ubunzima ngelayisensi yesoftware kunye neendleko ezinokuthelekiswa ne-smartphone ye-Android. Nangona kunjalo, amava akhe aluncedo kwaye aya kongeza kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezifanayo zezixhobo ezenziwe ekhaya, ezenzelwe ukuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi babantu abaninzi ngemali encinci. Abantu abaqhelana ngakumbi nokuxhomekeka kumandla kunye nobuchule babo.
U-Liam uthi uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile luye lwamenza wakhululeka, kwaye isixhobo awasenzayo yindlela yokubuyisela intuthuzelo yengqondo yokulawula umzimba wakhe. Kwaye ukongeza ekubuyiseleni ubomi bakhe obuqhelekileyo, ukwenza inkqubo yempompo ye-insulin evaliweyo yayingamava anamandla okuzibonakalisa kuye. "Kungcono ukugcina imetabolism yakho phantsi kolawulo ngekhowudi ye-JS kunokuba uphelele esibhedlele," ubhala.
umthombo: www.habr.com