Ngexesha lokubhalwa kweli nqaku, ukhangelo kwindawo yemisebenzi eyaziwayo yebinzana elithi "iNjineli yeNethiwekhi" ibuyise malunga nezithuba ezingamakhulu amathathu kulo lonke elaseRashiya. Ukuthelekisa, ukukhangela ibinzana elithi "umlawuli wenkqubo" libuyisela phantse izithuba ezingamawaka angama-2.5, kwaye "injineli ye-DevOps" - phantse i-800.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba iinethiwekhi azisafuneki ngamaxesha oloyiso lwamafu, i-Docker, i-Kubernetes kunye ne-Wi-Fi yoluntu ekhoyo?
Masiyiqonde (c)
Masiqhelane. Igama lam ndingu-Alexey, kwaye ndingumnatha womnatha.
Ndithathe inxaxheba kuthungelwano iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 kwaye bendisebenza ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo * ze-nix ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15 (ndinethuba lokujonga zombini iLinux kunye neFreeBSD). Ndisebenze kubaqhubi be-telecom, iinkampani ezinkulu ezithathwa ngokuba "zishishini", kwaye kutsha nje bendisebenza kwi-fintech "encinci kwaye inesibindi", apho amafu, i-devops, i-kubernetes kunye namanye amagama awoyikisayo aya kundenza mna kunye noogxa bam ngokungeyomfuneko. . Ngenye imini. Ingayiyo.
Ukuziphendulela: "Ebomini bethu, akusiyo yonke into ehlala ikhona kwaye yonke indawo, kodwa into, ngamanye amaxesha kwiindawo" (c) uMaxim Dorofeev.
Yonke into ebhalwe apha ngezantsi inokuthi kwaye ifanele ithathelwe ingqalelo imbono yobuqu yombhali, engabanga ukuba yiyona nyaniso yokugqibela, okanye isifundo esipheleleyo. Bonke abalinganiswa bayintsomi, zonke izinto ezenzekayo ziyenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga.
Wamkelekile kwihlabathi lam.
Ungadibana phi nabenethwekhi?
1. Abaqhubi beTelecom, iinkampani zenkonzo kunye nabanye abadibanisi. Yonke into ilula apha: inethiwekhi kubo lishishini. Bathengisa ngokuthe ngqo uqhagamshelo (abaqhubi) okanye babonelele ngeenkonzo zokuqalisa/ukugcina uthungelwano lwabathengi babo.
Kukho amava amaninzi apha, kodwa akukho mali eninzi (ngaphandle kokuba ungumlawuli okanye umphathi ophumelelayo wokuthengisa). Kwaye okwangoku, ukuba uthanda uthungelwano, kwaye usekuqaleni kohambo lwakho, umsebenzi oxhasayo ongekho mkhulu kakhulu, uya kuba yindawo efanelekileyo yokuqala (kwi-federal yonke into ibhalwe kakhulu, kwaye apho. lincinci igumbi lokuyila). Ewe, amabali malunga nendlela onokukhula ngayo ukusuka kwinjineli esemsebenzini ukuya kumphathi wenqanaba le-C kwiminyaka embalwa nawo ayinyani, nangona kunqabile, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo. Kusoloko kukho imfuneko yabasebenzi, kuba inguqu iyenzeka. Oku kulungile kwaye kubi ngaxeshanye - kuhlala kukho izithuba, kwelinye icala - amaxesha amaninzi abona basebenzayo/abakrelekrele bashiya ngokukhawuleza nokuba baye kunyuselwa okanye baye kwezinye iindawo “ezishushu”.
2. “Ishishini” elinemiqathango. Akunandaba nokuba umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko unxulumene ne-IT okanye hayi. Into ephambili kukuba inesebe layo le-IT, eliqinisekisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo zangaphakathi zenkampani, kubandakanywa nenethiwekhi kwiiofisi, iziteshi zonxibelelwano kumasebe, njl. Imisebenzi yeNjineli yenethiwekhi kwiinkampani ezinjalo inokwenziwa "ngexesha elithile" ngumlawuli wenkqubo (ukuba isiseko sothungelwano sincinci okanye siphathwa ngukontraka wangaphandle), kunye nengcali yenethiwekhi, ukuba kukho enye, kwangelo xesha linye jonga umnxeba kunye neSAN (akukho nto ilungileyo). Bahlawula ngokwahlukileyo - kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinzuzo yeshishini, ubungakanani benkampani kunye nesakhiwo. Ndasebenza kunye neenkampani apho iinkqubo zeCisco zihlala "zilayishwe kwimigqomo", kunye neenkampani apho inethiwekhi yakhiwe ukusuka kwindle, iintonga kunye ne-tape eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye iiseva azizange zihlaziywe (akufuneki ukuthetha, akukho vimba zanikezelwa okanye) . Kukho amava amancinci apha, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba kwindawo yokutshixa umthengisi, okanye "indlela yokwenza into ngaphandle kwento." Ngokwam, ndiyifumene iyadika, nangona abantu abaninzi beyithanda - yonke into ilinganisiwe kwaye iqikelelwa (ukuba sithetha ngeenkampani ezinkulu), "dorakha-bahato", njl. Ubuncinci kanye ngonyaka, omnye umthengisi omkhulu uthi beze nenye inkqubo ye-mega-super-duper eya kuthi izenzele yonke into ngoku kwaye bonke abalawuli benkqubo kunye nabanxibelelanisi banokusasazwa, beshiya isibini ukuba sicinezele amaqhosha kwi-interface entle. Inyani yeyokuba, nokuba singayihoyi indleko yesisombululo, abanxibelelanisi bonxibelelwano abayi ndawo. Ewe, mhlawumbi endaweni yekhonsoli kuya kuphinda kubekho ujongano lwewebhu (kodwa hayi isiqwenga esithile sehardware, kodwa inkqubo enkulu elawula amashumi kunye namakhulu eenxalenye zehardware), kodwa ulwazi "lwendlela yonke into isebenza ngayo ngaphakathi" kufuneka.
3. Iinkampani zemveliso, inzuzo evela kuphuhliso (kwaye, rhoqo, ukusebenza) kwesofthiwe ethile okanye iqonga - loo mveliso efanayo. Ngokwesiqhelo zincinci kwaye zithambile, zisekude nesikali samashishini kunye nolawulo lwazo. Kulapha apho ezo devops ezifanayo, cubers, dockers kunye namanye amagama amabi afunyanwa ngobuninzi, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo eya kwenza inethiwekhi kunye neenjineli zenethiwekhi ibe yinto engafunekiyo.
Wahluke njani umnatha womnatha kumlawuli wenkqubo?
Ekuqondeni kwabantu kungekhona kwi-IT - akukho nto. Bobabini bajonga isikrini esimnyama kwaye babhale amakhubalo, ngamanye amaxesha bathuke bathuke.
Ekuqondeni abadwelisi beprogram - mhlawumbi ngommandla wesifundo. Abalawuli beSistim balawula iiseva, abaqhubi benethiwekhi balawula iiswitshi kunye neerotha. Ngamanye amaxesha ulawulo lubi, kwaye yonke into iyawa kumntu wonke. Ewe, xa kukho nantoni na engaqhelekanga, abaqhubi benethiwekhi nabo banetyala. Ngenxa nje yokuba fuck wena, yiyo loo nto.
Enyanisweni, umahluko omkhulu yindlela yokusebenza. Mhlawumbi, kuphakathi kwabanenethiwekhi ukuba kukho abaxhasi abaninzi bendlela ethi "Ukuba iyasebenza, ungayichukumisi!". Njengomthetho, into enokwenziwa (ngaphakathi komthengisi omnye) ngendlela enye kuphela; lonke uqwalaselo lwebhokisi lukhona entendeni yesandla sakho. Iindleko zempazamo ziphezulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziphezulu kakhulu (umzekelo, kuya kufuneka uhambe iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu ambalwa ukuze uqalise kwakhona i-router, kwaye ngeli xesha amawaka abantu baya kuba ngaphandle konxibelelwano-imeko eqhelekileyo kumqhubi we-telecom) .
Ngokombono wam, kungenxa yoko le nto iinjineli zenethiwekhi, kwelinye icala, zikhuthazeke kakhulu kuzinzo lwenethiwekhi (kwaye utshintsho lolona tshaba luphambili lozinzo), kwaye okwesibini, ulwazi lwabo luhamba nzulu ngakumbi kunobubanzi (awufuni. Kufuneka ukwazi ukuqwalasela ezininzi iidaemon ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka wazi itekhnoloji kunye nokuphunyezwa kwazo kumenzi wesixhobo esithile). Yingakho umlawuli wenkqubo oye wasebenzisa i-google indlela yokubhalisa i-vlan kwinkqubo ye-Cisco ayikabi ngumnatha womnatha. Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uya kukwazi ukuxhasa ngokufanelekileyo (kunye nokusombulula ingxaki) inethiwekhi enzima ngakumbi okanye encinci.
Kodwa kutheni ufuna i-networker ukuba unomgcini?
Ukufumana imali eyongezelelweyo (kwaye ukuba ungumxhasi omkhulu kakhulu kwaye oyintanda, mhlawumbi simahla, "njengomhlobo"), iinjineli zeziko ledatha ziya kuqwalasela iiswitshi zakho ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zakho, kwaye mhlawumbi zikuncede ukuseka ujongano lweBGP kunye nababoneleli. (ukuba une-subnet yakho yeedilesi ze-IP zesibhengezo).
Ingxaki enkulu kukuba isikhungo sedatha ayilona isebe lakho le-IT, yinkampani eyahlukileyo enenjongo yokwenza inzuzo. Kubandakanywa kwiindleko zakho njengomxhasi. Iziko ledatha libonelela ngeeracks, libonelela ngombane kunye nokubanda, kwaye likwabonelela ngonxibelelwano "oluhlala lukhona" kwi-Intanethi. Ngokusekelwe kwesi siseko, isikhungo sedatha sinokubamba izixhobo zakho (colocation), ukuqeshisa umncedisi (umncedisi onikezelweyo), okanye unikeze ngenkonzo elawulwayo (umzekelo, i-OpenStack okanye i-K8s). Kodwa ishishini leziko ledatha (ngokuqhelekileyo) ayilolawulo lweziseko zoncedo zabaxumi, kuba le nkqubo ifuna abasebenzi kakhulu, izenzekela kakubi (kwaye kwiziko ledatha eliqhelekileyo yonke into enokwenzeka iyazenzekela), imanyaniswe ngakumbi (umxhasi ngamnye). ngumntu ngamnye) kwaye ngokubanzi ugcwele izikhalazo ("undixelela ukuba umncedisi wamiswa, kodwa ngoku uphahlazekile, yonke into yakho !!!111"). Ngoko ke, ukuba umninimzi uyakunceda ngento ethile, uya kuzama ukwenza kube lula kwaye "okuqhelekileyo" ngokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba ukwenza nzima akwenzeki nzuzo, ubuncinci ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iindleko zomsebenzi weenjineli zale hoster efanayo (kodwa iimeko ziyahluka, bona i-disclaimer). Oku akuthethi ukuba umamkeli uya kwenza yonke into kakubi. Kodwa asiyonyaniso kwaphela ukuba uya kwenza kanye le nto ubuyifuna ngokwenene.
Kubonakala ngathi le nto icacile, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi kwindlela yam ndiye ndadibana nenyaniso yokuba iinkampani zaqala ukuthembela kumnikezeli wabo wokubamba kancinane kunokuba bekufanele, kwaye oku akuzange kukhokelele kuyo nantoni na elungileyo. Kuye kwafuneka sichaze ixesha elide kunye neenkcukacha ukuba akukho SLA enye iya kuhlawulela ilahleko ukusuka kwixesha lokuphumla (kukho okungafaniyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuyabiza kakhulu, KAKHULU kakhulu kumxhasi) kwaye umninimzi akakwazi konke okwenzekayo. Iziseko zoncedo zabaxumi (ngaphandle kwezalathi eziqhelekileyo). Kwaye umamkeli akakwenzeli i-backups nawe. Imeko imbi nangakumbi ukuba unehostele enye. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki phakathi kwabo, ngokuqinisekileyo abayi kukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na.
Ngokwenyani, iinjongo ezilapha ziyafana ncakasana xa ukhetha “iqela lolawulo lwangaphakathi vs umthombo wangaphandle”. Ukuba iingozi zibalwa, umgangatho uyanelisa, kwaye ishishini alikhathaleli, kutheni ungazami. Kwelinye icala, uthungelwano lolunye lolona luhlu lusisiseko lweziseko ezingundoqo, kwaye akufanelanga ukuba ulushiyele kubafana bangaphandle ukuba sele uxhasa yonke enye into ngokwakho.
Kweziphi iimeko apho kufuneka umnatha womnatha?
Okulandelayo siza kuthetha ngokuthe ngqo malunga neenkampani zokutya zanamhlanje. Ngabasebenzi kunye neshishini, yonke into icacile, kunye okanye thabatha - incinci itshintshile apho kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye iinethiwekhi zazifuneka phaya ngaphambili, kwaye ziyafuneka ngoku. Kodwa kwakwabo “bancinci nabakhaliphileyo” izinto azicacanga kangako. Rhoqo babeka zonke iziseko zabo emafini, ke abafuni ncam ii-admins-ngaphandle kwabalawuli baloo mafu afanayo, ewe. Iziseko zophuhliso, kwelinye icala, zilula kakhulu kuyilo lwazo, kwelinye icala, zizenzekela ngokufanelekileyo (ezinokwenzeka/upopi, iterraform, ci/cd... kakuhle, uyazi). Kodwa nalapha kukho iimeko apho awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwenjineli yenethiwekhi.
Umzekelo 1, zakudala
Masithi inkampani iqala ngomncedisi omnye kunye nedilesi ye-IP yoluntu, ebekwe kwiziko ledatha. Emva koko kukho iiseva ezimbini. Emva koko ngaphezulu ... Kungekudala okanye kamva, kuya kubakho imfuneko yenethiwekhi yabucala phakathi kwabancedisi. Ngenxa yokuba i-traffic "yangaphandle" inqunyelwe zombini i-bandwidth (akukho ngaphezu kwe-100Mbit / s ngokomzekelo) kunye nomthamo wokukhutshelwa / ukulayishwa ngenyanga (ii-hosters ezahlukeneyo zineentlawulo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa i-bandwidth kwihlabathi langaphandle ngokuqhelekileyo ibiza kakhulu kune- inethiwekhi yabucala).
Umgcini wongeza amakhadi enethiwekhi awongezelelweyo kwiiseva kwaye uwabandakanya ekutshintsheni kwabo kwi-vlan eyahlukileyo. Indawo "esicaba" ivela phakathi kweeseva. Ukhululekile!
Inani leeseva likhula, kwaye i-traffic kwinethiwekhi yangasese nayo ikhula - i-backups, ukuphindaphinda, njl. Umnini-hostele unikezela ngokukuhambisa kwiiswitshi ezahlukeneyo ukuze ungaphazamisi abanye abathengi, kwaye bangakuphazamisi. Umsingathi ufaka ezinye iiswitshi kwaye ngandlel 'ithile uziqwalasele- kakhulu, eshiya inethwekhi enye ecaba phakathi kwazo zonke iiseva zakho. Yonke into isebenza kakuhle, kodwa ngomzuzu othile iingxaki ziqala: ukulibaziseka phakathi kwenginginya ngamaxesha athile kuyanda, iinkuni zikhalaza malunga neepakethi ezininzi ze-arp ngomzuzwana, kwaye ngexesha lophicotho i-pentester yatyhutyha inethiwekhi yakho yendawo yonke, yaphula iseva enye kuphela.
Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni?
Yahlula inethiwekhi ibe ngamacandelo - i-vlans. Qwalasela eyakho idilesi kwivlan nganye, khetha isango eliza kugqithisela itrafikhi phakathi kothungelwano. Qwalasela i-acl kwisango lokunqanda ufikelelo phakathi kwamacandelo, okanye ufake i-firewall eyahlukileyo ekufutshane.
Umzekelo 1, uqhubeke
Abancedisi badityaniswe kwi-LAN ngentambo enye. Ukutshintsha kwii-racks ngandlela-thile zidityaniswe omnye komnye, kodwa ukuba kukho ingozi kwi-rack enye, ezinye ezintathu ezikufutshane ziyawa. Amacebo akhona, kodwa kukho amathandabuzo malunga nokufaneleka kwawo. Umncedisi ngamnye unedilesi yakhe yoluntu, ekhutshwe ngumgcini kwaye iboshwe kwi-rack. Ezo. Xa uhambisa umncedisi, idilesi kufuneka itshintshwe.
Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni?
Qhagamshela abancedisi usebenzisa i-LAG (iQela lokuHlanganisa iQela) ngeentambo ezimbini kwiiswitshi kwi-rack (ziyafuna ukuba zingafuneki). Gcina uxhulumaniso phakathi kwee-racks kwaye uguqule ukuba "yinkwenkwezi" (okanye i-CLOS efashini ngoku) ukwenzela ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwe-rack enye kungachaphazeli abanye. Khetha iiracks "eziphakathi" apho i-core network iya kuba khona kwaye apho ezinye iiracks ziya kudibaniswa. Kwangaxeshanye, beka intetho kawonke-wonke ngokulandelelana, thabatha kwi-hoster (okanye kwi-RIR, ukuba kunokwenzeka) i-subnet, wena ngokwakho (okanye nge-hoster) ubhengeze kwihlabathi.
Ngaba konke oku kunokwenziwa ngumlawuli wenkqubo “oqhelekileyo” ongenalo ulwazi olunzulu lothungelwano? Andiqinisekanga. Ingaba umamkeli angayenza lento? Mhlawumbi kuya kuba njalo, kodwa uya kufuna iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezicacileyo, apho umntu uya kufuna ukuba azobe. kwaye emva koko khangela ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Umzekelo 2: Ilifu
Masithi unayo iVPC kwilifu likawonke-wonke. Ukufumana ukufikelela kwiofisi okanye kwi-prem inxalenye yesiseko kwinethiwekhi yendawo ngaphakathi kweVPC, kufuneka uqwalasele uxhulumaniso nge-IPSec okanye umjelo ozinikeleyo. Kwelinye icala, IPSec itshiphu, kuba Akukho sidingo sokuthenga izixhobo ezongezelelweyo, ungacwangcisa itonela phakathi komncedisi wakho ngedilesi yoluntu kunye nelifu. Kodwa - ukulibaziseka, ukusebenza okulinganiselweyo (ekubeni itshaneli kufuneka iguqulelwe ngokuntsonkothileyo), kunye noqhagamshelo olungaqinisekanga (ekubeni ukufikelela kungena kwi-Intanethi eqhelekileyo).
Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni?
Phakamisa uqhagamshelwano ngetshaneli ezinikeleyo (umzekelo, i-AWS iyibiza ngokuQhagamshela ngokuNgqo). Ukwenza oku, fumana umqhubi weqabane oza kudibanisa, thatha isigqibo malunga nendawo yokudibanisa esondeleyo kuwe (kokubili kumqhubi kunye nomsebenzisi kwifu), kwaye, ekugqibeleni, usethe yonke into. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza konke oku ngaphandle kwenjineli yenethiwekhi? Ngokuqinisekileyo ewe. Kodwa indlela yokusombulula ingxaki ngaphandle kwakhe xa kukho iingxaki ayisacaci kangako.
Kusenokubakho iingxaki ngokufumaneka phakathi kwamafu (ukuba une-multicloud) okanye iingxaki zokulibaziseka phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo, njl. Kakade ke, ngoku kuye kwavela izixhobo ezininzi ezandisa ukucaca kwento eyenzekayo efini (amehlo angamawaka afanayo), kodwa ezi zizixhobo zonke zenjineli yenethiwekhi, kwaye kungekhona indawo yakhe.
Ndiyakwazi ukuzoba imizekelo engaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini kwindlela endiziqhelanisa ngayo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kuyacaca ukuba iqela, eliqala kwinqanaba elithile lophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, kufuneka libe nomntu (ngokukhethekileyo ngaphezu komnye) owaziyo ukuba inethiwekhi isebenza njani kwaye inokuqwalasela. izixhobo zenethiwekhi kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ukuba zivela. Ndikholelwe, uya kuba nento ayenzayo
Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi umnatha womnatha?
Akuyomfuneko konke konke (kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, kuyingozi) ukuba injineli yenethiwekhi ijongane kuphela nenethiwekhi kwaye ayikho enye into. Nokuba asiluthatheli ngqalelo ukhetho ngesiseko esihlala phantse ngokupheleleyo kwilifu likawonke-wonke (kwaye, nokuba yintoni na enokuthi umntu athethe, iya ithandwa kakhulu), kwaye thatha, umzekelo, kwindawo okanye kumafu abucala, apho kwi "CCNP-level ulwazi lodwa" "Awuyi kushiya.
Ukongeza, eneneni, iinethiwekhi - nangona kukho indawo engapheliyo yokufunda, nokuba ugxile kwindawo enye kuphela (uthungelwano lwababoneleli, amashishini, amaziko edatha, iWi-Fi ...)
Ngokuqinisekileyo, abaninzi benu ngoku baya kukhumbula iPython kunye nezinye "i-automation yenethiwekhi", kodwa oku kuyimfuneko kuphela, kodwa kungekhona imeko eyaneleyo. Ukuze injineli yenethiwekhi "ijoyine ngempumelelo iqela," kufuneka ikwazi ukuthetha ulwimi olufanayo kunye nabaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli / i-devs. Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
- akakwazi ukusebenza kuphela kwiLinux njengomsebenzisi, kodwa kwakhona ukuyilawula, ubuncinci kwinqanaba le-sysadmin-jun: faka isoftware eyimfuneko, qalisa kwakhona inkonzo engaphumelelanga, bhala iyunithi ye-systemd elula.
- Qonda (ubuncinci ngokwemiqathango ngokubanzi) indlela isitaki sothungelwano sisebenza ngayo kwiLinux, indlela umsebenzi womnatha osebenza ngayo kwiihypervisors kunye nezikhongozeli (lxc / docker / kubernetes).
- Ewe kunjalo, ukwazi ukusebenza kunye ne-ansible/chef/puppet okanye enye inkqubo yeSCM.
- Umgca ohlukeneyo kufuneka ubhalwe malunga ne-SDN kunye neenethiwekhi zamafu abucala (umzekelo, iTungstenFabric okanye i-OpenvSwitch). Lo ngomnye umaleko omkhulu wolwazi.
Ngamafutshane, ndachaza ingcali ye-T-shape eqhelekileyo (njengoko kuyimfashini ukuthetha ngoku). Kubonakala ngathi akukho nto intsha, kodwa ngokusekelwe kumava odliwano-ndlebe, ayizizo zonke iinjineli zenethiwekhi ezinokuqhayisa ngolwazi ubuncinane ubuncinane bezihloko ezimbini ukusuka kuluhlu olungasentla. Enyanisweni, ukungabikho kolwazi "kwiinkalo ezihambelanayo" kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunxibelelana nabalingane kuphela, kodwa nokuqonda iimfuno ezibeka ishishini kwinethiwekhi, njengeyona ndawo iphantsi kwesiseko seprojekthi. Kwaye ngaphandle koku kuqonda, kuba nzima ngakumbi ukukhusela umbono wakho kwaye "uthengise" kwishishini.
Kwelinye icala, umkhwa ofanayo "wokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo" unika abanxibelelanisi ithuba elihle kakhulu ngaphezulu "koogqirha ngokubanzi" abaziyo malunga netekhnoloji evela kumanqaku akwiHabré/ephakathi kunye neencoko kwiTelegram, kodwa bengenalo nofifi lokuba kwenzeka ntoni. imigaqo le okanye le software isebenza kuyo? Kwaye ulwazi lweepateni ezithile, njengoko zisaziwa, luthatha indawo yolwazi lwezibakala ezininzi ngempumelelo.
Izigqibo, okanye i-TL; DR
- Umlawuli womnatha (ofana ne-DBA okanye injineli yeVoIP) yingcali eneprofayile encinci (ngokungafaniyo nabalawuli benkqubo / i-devs / i-SRE), imfuno engaveli ngokukhawuleza (kwaye ayinakuvela ixesha elide, enyanisweni) . Kodwa ukuba ivela, akunakwenzeka ukuba ithathelwe indawo yingcali yangaphandle (ngaphandle okanye abalawuli benjongo eqhelekileyo, "abajongana nenethiwekhi"). Eyona nto ibuhlungu kukuba imfuno yeengcali ezinjalo incinci, kwaye, ngokwemiqathango, kwinkampani enabadwelisi benkqubo abangama-800 kunye ne-30 devops / abalawuli, kunokubakho oonxibelelwano ababini kuphela abenza umsebenzi obalaseleyo ngoxanduva lwabo. Ezo. imarike yaba kwaye kakhulu, incinci kakhulu, kunye nomvuzo olungileyo - nangaphantsi.
- Kwelinye icala, inethiwekhi elungileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje kufuneka ingazi kuphela iinethiwekhi ngokwazo (kunye nendlela yokwenza uqwalaselo lwazo), kodwa nendlela iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nesoftware esebenza ngaphezulu kwezi nethiwekhi zisebenzisana nazo. Ngaphandle koku, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba oogxa bakho bacela ntoni kuwe kunye nokwazisa (ngokufanelekileyo) iminqweno/imfuno zakho kubo.
- Akukho ilifu, yikhompyuter yomnye umntu. Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba ukusebenzisa amafu kawonke-wonke / abucala okanye iinkonzo zomnikezeli wokubamba "okwenzela yonke into kwi-turnkey" ayitshintshi into yokuba isicelo sakho sisasebenzisa inethiwekhi, kwaye iingxaki ngayo ziya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. isicelo sakho. Ukhetho lwakho kulapho iziko lobuchule liya kuba khona, eliya kuba noxanduva lothungelwano lweprojekthi yakho.
umthombo: www.habr.com