Umbhali wenqaku ngu-Alexey Malanov, ingcali kwisebe lophuhliso lweteknoloji ye-anti-virus kwi-Kaspersky Lab.
Ndiyivile ngokuphindaphindiweyo uluvo lokuba i-blockchain ipholile kakhulu, iyimpumelelo, ikamva. Ndikhawuleza ukukudanisa ukuba ukholelwa ngokukhawuleza kule nto.
Ingcaciso: kule post siza kuthetha malunga nokuphunyezwa kweteknoloji ye-blockchain esetyenziswa kwi-cryptocurrency ye-Bitcoin. Kukho ezinye izicelo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-blockchain, ezinye zazo zijongana nezinye zeentsilelo ze-blockchain "classic", kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zakhiwe kwimigaqo efanayo.
Malunga neBitcoin ngokubanzi
Ndithatha iteknoloji yeBitcoin ngokwayo njengenguquko. Ngelishwa, i-Bitcoin isetyenziswa rhoqo ngeenjongo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye njengengcali yokhuseleko lolwazi, andiyithandi kwaphela. Kodwa ukuba sithetha ngetekhnoloji, ke impumelelo iyabonakala.
Zonke iinqununu zeBitcoin protocol kunye neengcamango ezifakwe kuyo, ngokubanzi, zaziwa ngaphambi kwe-2009, kodwa ngababhali beBitcoin abakwazi ukuhlanganisa yonke into kunye nokwenza ukuba isebenze kwi-2009. Phantse iminyaka eyi-9, mnye kuphela ubuthathaka obubalulekileyo obufunyenweyo ekuphunyezweni: umhlaseli wafumana i-92 yebhiliyoni yeebhiliyoni kwiakhawunti enye; ukulungiswa okufunekayo ukubuyisela yonke imbali yezemali ngosuku. Nangona kunjalo, ubuthathaka obunye kuphela ngexesha elinjalo sisiphumo esifanelekileyo, ukuvala.
Abadali beBitcoin babenomngeni: ukwenza ukuba ngandlela-thile kusebenze phantsi kwemeko yokuba akukho ziko kwaye akukho mntu uthemba nabani na. Ababhali bawugqibile umsebenzi, imali ye-elektroniki iyasebenza. Kodwa izigqibo abazenzileyo azincedi nganto.
Makhe ndenze ugcino kwangoko ukuba injongo yesi sithuba ayikokugxeka i-blockchain. Le yitekhnoloji eluncedo ene kwaye isaza kufumana izicelo ezininzi ezimangalisayo. Ngaphandle kokungalungi kwayo, ikwaneengenelo ezizodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ekusukeleni ukuchukumiseka kunye nenguquko, abaninzi bagxila kuncedo lwetekhnoloji kwaye bahlala belibala ukuvavanya ngobunono imeko yokwenyani, bengazihoyi izinto ezingeloncedo. Ngoko ke, ndicinga ukuba kuluncedo ukujonga izinto ezingeloncedo ngotshintsho.
Umzekelo wencwadi apho umbhali unethemba elikhulu kwi-blockchain. Ngaphezulu kwisicatshulwa kuya kubakho izicatshulwa kule ncwadi
Intsomi 1: I-Blockchain yikhompyuter enkulu esasazwayo
Isicatshulwa #1: "I-Blockchain ingaba yincakuba ye-Occam, eyona ndlela isebenzayo, ngokuthe ngqo kunye nendalo yokulungelelanisa yonke imisebenzi yabantu kunye noomatshini, ngokuhambelana nomnqweno wendalo wokulinganisela."
Ukuba awukhange ujonge , kodwa ukuva nje ukuphononongwa malunga nale teknoloji, unokuba nengcamango yokuba i-blockchain luhlobo oluthile lwekhompyutheni esasazwayo eyenza, ngokufanelekileyo, izibalo ezisasazwayo. Njengokuba, iindawo ezijikeleze ihlabathi ziqokelela amasuntswana kunye namaqhekeza ento engaphezulu.
Le ngcamango iphosakele ngokwenene. Enyanisweni, zonke ii-node ezikhonza i-blockchain zenza into efanayo. Izigidi zeekhompyuter:
- Bajonga iintengiselwano ezifanayo besebenzisa imithetho efanayo. Benza umsebenzi ofanayo.
- Babhala into efanayo kwi-blockchain (ukuba banethamsanqa kwaye banikwe ithuba lokurekhoda).
- Bagcina imbali yonke ixesha lonke, efanayo, enye kumntu wonke.
Akukho ngqamaniso, akukho ntsebenziswano, akukho kuncedana. Ukuphindaphinda kuphela, kwaye ngoko nangoko izigidi-phindwe. Siza kuthetha malunga nokuba kutheni oku kufuneka ngezantsi, kodwa njengoko ubona, akukho mpumelelo. Ngokuchasene noko.
Inkolelo yesi-2: I-Blockchain ingunaphakade. Zonke izinto ezibhaliweyo kuyo ziya kuhlala ngonaphakade
Isicatshulwa #2: "Ngokwandiswa kwezicelo, imibutho, iinkampani kunye nemibutho, iintlobo ezininzi ezintsha zokuziphatha okungalindelekanga kunye nobunzima obukhumbuza ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kunokuvela."
Ewe, ngokwenene, njengoko sifumene, wonke umxhasi ogcweleyo wenethiwekhi ugcina yonke imbali yazo zonke iintengiselwano, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-100 gigabytes yedatha sele iqokelele. Lo ngumthamo opheleleyo wedisk welaptop enexabiso eliphantsi okanye eyona smartphone yale mihla. Kwaye ngakumbi ukuthengiselana kwenzeka kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin, ngokukhawuleza umthamo ukhula. Uninzi lwazo luvele kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
Ukukhula komthamo weBlockchain.
Kwaye i-Bitcoin inethamsanqa - umntu okhuphisana naye, inethiwekhi ye-Ethereum, sele iqokelele i-200 gigabytes kwi-blockchain kwiminyaka nje emibini emva kokuqaliswa kwayo kunye neenyanga ezintandathu zokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo. Ke kwiinyani zangoku, unaphakade we-blockchain ulinganiselwe kwiminyaka elishumi-ukukhula komthamo we-hard drive ngokuqinisekileyo akuhambelani nokukhula komthamo we-blockchain.
Kodwa ukongeza kwinto yokuba kufuneka igcinwe, kufuneka kwakhona ikhutshelwe. Nabani na ozame ukusebenzisa isipaji sendawo esipheleleyo kuyo nayiphi na i-cryptocurrency wamangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba akanakwenza okanye amkele iintlawulo de kube kukhutshelwe umthamo ochaziweyo wonke kwaye uqinisekisiwe. Uya kuba nethamsanqa ukuba le nkqubo ithatha kuphela iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Unokubuza, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ungagcini konke oku, kuba yinto enye, kwi-node nganye yenethiwekhi? Kunokwenzeka, kodwa ke, okokuqala, ayisayi kuba yi-peer-to-peer blockchain, kodwa i-architecture yendabuko yomxhasi. Kwaye okwesibini, ke abathengi baya kunyanzelwa ukuba bathembe abancedisi. Oko kukuthi, ingcamango "yokungathembi mntu," apho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-blockchain yaqanjwa, iyanyamalala kule meko.
Kwangexesha elide, abasebenzisi beBitcoin bahlulwe baba ngabathandi "abahluphekayo" kwaye bakhuphela yonke into, kwaye abantu abaqhelekileyo abasebenzisa i-wallets ye-intanethi, bathembela umncedisi kwaye, ngokubanzi, abakhathaleli ukuba isebenza njani apho.
Inkolelo yesi-3: I-Blockchain iyasebenza kwaye iyancipha, imali eqhelekileyo iya kufa
Isicatshulwa #3: βIndibaniselwano yetekhnoloji yebhloko + yobuqu into ephilayo" iya kuvumela zonke iingcinga zomntu ukuba zifakwe ekhowudiweyo kwaye zenziwe zifumaneke ngendlela ecinezelweyo emgangathweni. Idatha inokubanjwa ngokuskena i-cortex ye-cerebral, i-EEG, i-brain-computer interfaces, i-cognitive nanorobots, njl. Ukucinga kunokumelwa ngendlela yamatyathanga eebhloko, ukurekhoda kuwo phantse onke amava omntu kwaye, mhlawumbi, nokuba wakhe. ingqondo. Nje ukuba irekhodwe kwi-blockchain, izinto ezahlukeneyo zeenkumbulo zinokulawulwa kwaye zidluliselwe-umzekelo, ukubuyisela inkumbulo kwimeko yezifo ezihamba ne-amnesia. "
Ukuba i-node nganye yenethiwekhi yenza into efanayo, ngoko kuyacaca ukuba i-throughput yenethiwekhi yonke ilingana nokugqithiswa kwendawo enye yenethiwekhi. Kwaye uyazi ukuba ilingana nantoni kanye? I-Bitcoin inokuqhuba ubuninzi beentengiselwano ezi-7 ngomzuzwana - kumntu wonke.
Ukongeza, kwi-Blockchain ye-Bitcoin, ukuthengiselana kubhalwe kuphela kanye ngemizuzu eyi-10. Kwaye emva kokuba ukungena kubonakale, ukuba kukhuselekile, kuyisiko ukulinda enye imizuzu engama-50, kuba amangeno ahlala ebuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku khawucinge ukuba kufuneka uthenge i-chewing gum kunye ne-bitcoins. Yima nje evenkileni iyure, cinga ngayo.
Ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sehlabathi lonke, oku sele kuhlekisa, xa phantse wonke umntu wewaka emhlabeni usebenzisa i-Bitcoin. Kwaye ngesantya esinjalo sokuthengiselana, akunakwenzeka ukwandisa kakhulu inani labasebenzisi abasebenzayo. Ukuthelekisa: Iinkqubo zeVisa ngamawaka entengiselwano ngesekhondi, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokunyusa ngokulula umthamo, kuba itekhnoloji yebhanki yakudala iyanyuka.
Nangona imali eqhelekileyo iyafa, ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kuba ngenxa yokuba iya kutshintshwa zizisombululo ze-blockchain.
Inkolelo yesi-4: Abavukuzi baqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi
I-Quote #4: "Amashishini azimeleyo kwilifu, anikwe amandla yi-blockchain kwaye anikwe amandla kwiikontrakthi ezihlakaniphile, angangena kwiikontraka ze-elektroniki kunye nemibutho echaphazelekayo, efana noorhulumente, ukuba bazibhalise phantsi kwayo nayiphi na indawo yolawulo abanqwenela ukusebenza phantsi kwayo."
Mhlawumbi uvile malunga nabasebenzi basezimayini, malunga neefama ezinkulu zemigodi ezakhiwe ecaleni kwezityalo zombane. Ingaba wenza ntoni? Bachitha umbane ngemizuzu eyi-10, "bengcangcazela" iibhloko de zibe "zintle" kwaye zingabandakanywa kwi-blockchain (malunga nokuba zeziphi iibhloko "ezintle" kwaye kutheni "zingcangcazela"; ). Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba ukubhala kwakhona imbali yakho yezemali kuthatha ixesha elilinganayo lokuyibhala (ucingela ukuba unomthamo ofanayo wonke).
Isixa sombane esisetyenzisiweyo siyafana nesixeko sisebenzisa abemi be-100. Kodwa yongeza apha kwakhona izixhobo ezibizayo ezifanelekileyo kuphela imigodi. Umgaqo wemigodi (okuthiwa bubungqina bomsebenzi) uyafana nombono "wokutshisa izibonelelo zoluntu."
Abanethemba leBlockchain bathanda ukuthetha ukuba abavukuzi abenzi nje umsebenzi ongenamsebenzi, kodwa baqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yeBitcoin. Kuyinyani, ingxaki kuphela kukuba abasebenzi basezimayini bakhusela i-Bitcoin kwabanye abasebenzi basezimayini.
Ukuba bekukho iwaka eliphindwe kaninzi labasebenzi basezimayini kunye newaka eliphindwe kabini ngaphantsi kombane otshisiweyo, ngoko i-Bitcoin yayingayi kusebenza ngakumbi - ibhloko enye enye yonke imizuzu eyi-10, inani elifanayo leentengiselwano, isantya esifanayo.
Kukho umngcipheko kunye nezisombululo ze-blockchain "" Ingundoqo yohlaselo kukuba ukuba umntu ulawula ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sawo wonke amandla okusebenza kwemigodi, unokubhala ngokufihlakeleyo enye imbali yemali apho engazange adlulisele imali yakhe nakubani na. Kwaye ke ubonise wonke umntu inguqulelo yakho - kwaye iya kuba yinyani. Ngaloo ndlela, ufumana ithuba lokuchitha imali yakhe amaxesha amaninzi. Iinkqubo zentlawulo zemveli azikho lula kuhlaselo olunjalo.
Kuyavela ukuba i-Bitcoin iye yaba ngumthinjwa kwiingcamango zayo. "Ukugqithisa" abavukuzi abanakuyeka ukumbiwa kwemigodi, kuba ngoko ke amathuba okuba umntu yedwa uya kulawula ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samandla asele aya kwanda ngokukhawuleza. Ngelixa imigodi inenzuzo, inethiwekhi izinzile, kodwa ukuba imeko iyatshintsha (umzekelo, ngenxa yokuba umbane ubiza kakhulu), inethiwekhi inokujongana "nenkcitho ephindwe kabini."
Inkolelo ye-5: I-Blockchain inikezelwa kwaye ngoko ayinakutshabalalisa
Isicatshulwa #5: "Ukuze ube ngumbutho ogcweleyo, isicelo esinatyisiweyo kufuneka siqulathe imisebenzi entsonkothileyo, efana nomgaqo-siseko."
Unokucinga ukuba ekubeni i-blockchain igcinwe kuyo yonke i-node kwinethiwekhi, iinkonzo zobuntlola aziyi kukwazi ukuvala i-Bitcoin ukuba zifuna, kuba ayinalo uhlobo lomncedisi ophakathi okanye into enjalo-akukho mntu unokuyivala. yiza ukuyivala. Kodwa le yinkohliso.
Enyanisweni, bonke abasebenzi basezimayini "abazimeleyo" baququzelelwe kumachibi (ngokubalulekileyo ii-cartels). Kufuneka bahlangane kuba kungcono ukuba nengeniso ezinzileyo, kodwa encinci, kunomkhulu, kodwa kanye emva kweminyaka eyi-1000.
Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla eBitcoin kuwo wonke amachibi.
Njengoko ubona kumzobo, kukho malunga nama-20 amachibi amakhulu, kwaye kuphela ama-4 awo alawula ngaphezu kwe-50% yamandla onke. Konke okufuneka ukwenze kukunkqonkqoza kwiingcango ezine kwaye ufumane ukufikelela kwiikhompyuter ezine zokulawula ukukunika amandla okuchitha i-bitcoin enye ngaphezu kweyodwa kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin. Kwaye oku kunokwenzeka, njengoko uqonda, kuya kuthoba ixabiso leBitcoin. Kwaye lo msebenzi unokwenzeka kakhulu.
Ukusasazwa kwemigodi ngokwelizwe.
Kodwa isisongelo siyinyaniso ngakumbi. Uninzi lwamachibi, kunye namandla abo ekhompyuter, akwilizwe elinye, okwenza kube lula ukubamba ulawulo lweBitcoin.
Inkolelo yesi-6: Ukungaziwa kunye nokuvuleka kwe-blockchain kulungile
I-Quote #6: "Ngexesha le-blockchain, urhulumente wemveli 1.0 ubukhulu becala uba yimodeli ephelelwe lixesha, kwaye kukho amathuba okusuka kwizakhiwo ezizuzwe njengelifa ukuya kwiintlobo zorhulumente zomntu."
I-blockchain ivuliwe, wonke umntu unokubona yonke into. Ngoko i-Bitcoin ayinakho ukungaziwa, ine "pseudonymity". Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umhlaseli ufuna intlawulelo kwi-wallet, ngoko wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba isikhwama sesomntu ombi. Kwaye ekubeni nabani na onokubeka iliso kwintengiselwano kule ngxowa-mali, umkhohlisi akayi kukwazi ukusebenzisa i-bitcoins efunyenweyo ngokulula, kuba ngokukhawuleza xa ebonakalisa ubuni bakhe kwindawo ethile, uya kuvalelwa ngokukhawuleza. Phantse kulo lonke utshintshiselwano, kufuneka uchongwe ukutshintshiselana ngemali eqhelekileyo.
Ngoko ke, abahlaseli basebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi "mixer". Umxube udibanisa imali engcolileyo kunye nenani elikhulu lemali ecocekileyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela "uyayihlamba". Umhlaseli uhlawula ikhomishini enkulu kule nto kwaye uthatha umngcipheko omkhulu, kuba umxubi akanakungaziwa (kwaye unokubaleka ngemali) okanye sele ephantsi kolawulo lomntu onempembelelo (kwaye unokuwujika kumagunya).
Kodwa ukushiya iingxaki zezaphuli-mthetho ecaleni, kutheni igama elingekuko libi kubasebenzisi abanyanisekileyo? Nanku umzekelo olula: Ndidlulisela ezinye iibitcoins kumama. Emva koko uyazi:
- Ingakanani imali endinayo iyonke nangaliphi na ixesha?
- Yimalini kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, yintoni kanye kanye endiyichithe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ndithenge ntoni, luhlobo luni lwe-roulette endiyidlalileyo, yeyiphi ipolitiki endiyixhasayo "ngokungaziwa".
Okanye ukuba ndihlawule ityala kumhlobo we-lemonade, ngoku uyazi yonke into malunga nemali yam. Ucinga ukuba yimbudane le? Ngaba kunzima kuye wonke umntu ukuvula imbali yemali yekhadi lakhe letyala? Ngaphezu koko, kungekhona kuphela ixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa kunye nekamva lonke.
Ukuba kubantu ngabanye oku kusalungile (kakuhle, awusoze wazi, umntu ufuna ukuba "selubala"), ngoko kwiinkampani kuyabulala: onke amaqela abo, ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, abathengi, umthamo weeakhawunti kunye nayo yonke into, yonke into. , yonke into - iba esidlangalaleni. Ukuvuleleka kwezemali mhlawumbi yenye yezona zinto zibi kakhulu zeBitcoin.
isiphelo
I-Quote No. 7: "Kungenzeka ukuba iteknoloji ye-blockchain iya kuba ngumaleko wezoqoqosho ophezulu wehlabathi elidityanisiweyo lezinto ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutha, kubandakanywa nezixhobo ze-computing ezinxitywayo kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto zoluvo."
Ndidwelise izikhalazo ezintandathu ezinkulu malunga neBitcoin kunye nenguqulelo yebhloko eyisebenzisayo. Unokubuza, kutheni ufunde malunga nale nto kum, kwaye kungekhona ngaphambili komnye umntu? Ngaba umntu akaziboni iingxaki?
Abanye bamfanyekisiwe, abanye abaqondi nje , yaye ubani ubona aze aqonde yonke into, kodwa akuyongenelo nje ukuba abhale ngayo. Zicingele wena, abaninzi balabo bathenge i-bitcoins baqala ukuthengisa nokukhuthaza. Uhlobo uyaphuma. Kutheni ubhala ukuba iteknoloji ineziphene ukuba ulindele ukuba izinga linyuke?
Ewe, i-Bitcoin inabakhuphisana nabo abaye bazama ukuxazulula iingxaki ezithile. Kwaye ngelixa ezinye zeengcamango zilungile kakhulu, i-blockchain isengundoqo. Ewe, kukho ezinye, izicelo ezingezizo ezemali zetekhnoloji ye-blockchain, kodwa izinto ezingalunganga eziphambili ze-blockchain zihlala zikhona.
Ngoku, ukuba umntu ukuxelela ukuba ukuveliswa kwe-blockchain kuthelekiseka ngokubaluleka kokuveliswa kwe-Intanethi, yithathe ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lokungabaza.
umthombo: www.habr.com