Ubuchwephesha bomlawuli wenkqubo buhlala bukhatshwa ziimbono ezibambekayo. Umlawuli wenkqubo luhlobo lweengcali ze-IT jikelele kuyo nayiphi na inkampani elungisa iikhomputha, ifake i-Intanethi, ijongana nezixhobo zeofisi, iqulunqe iinkqubo, njl. Kwafika kwinqanaba lokuba uSuku lweSysadmin luvele - ngoLwesihlanu wokugqibela kaJulayi, oko kukuthi, namhlanje.
Ngaphezu koko, iholide inesikhumbuzo namhlanje - Usuku lokuqala lwe-Sysadmin lwabhiyozelwa ngo-2000 e-Chicago yi-American "ingcali ye-IT jikelele" egama linguTed Kekatos. Yayiyipikiniki yangaphandle ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi benkampani encinci yesoftware.
Iholide yafika eRashiya ngo-2006, xa intlanganiso ye-All-Russian yabalawuli benkqubo yenzeke kufuphi neKaluga, apho isiganeko esifanayo songezwa eNovosibirsk.
Umsebenzi uphila kwaye uphuhlise, kwaye namhlanje lithuba elihle kakhulu lokujonga ukuvela kwayo, imeko yangoku kunye namathemba avulwe ngokusebenza njengomlawuli wenkqubo kwihlabathi "le-IT enkulu".
Umlawuli wenkqubo: izolo nanamhlanje
Namhlanje kukho iinguqu ezininzi kumxholo osebenzayo womsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo.
Kwinkampani encinci enabasebenzi be-100, umntu ofanayo unokwenza imisebenzi yomlawuli wenkqubo, umphathi, uya kulawula iilayisenisi zesofthiwe kwaye abe noxanduva lokugcina izixhobo zeofisi, ukuseta i-Wi-Fi, ukuphendula izicelo zabasebenzisi, kunye ukuba noxanduva lwabancedisi. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza inkampani ine-1C, ngoko, ngokufanelekileyo, lo mntu ngandlela-thile uya kuqonda le ndawo ngokunjalo. Lo ngumsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo kwishishini elincinci ngokwentelekiso.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiinkampani ezinkulu - ababoneleli ngeenkonzo, ababoneleli befu, abaphuhlisi besoftware, njl., kukho, ngokuqinisekileyo, iimeko ezinzulu zokuziphendukela kwenkqubo yomsebenzi womlawuli.
Ngokomzekelo, kwiinkampani ezinjalo kuya kubakho isikhundla somlawuli we-Unix ozinikeleyo, umlawuli weWindows, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho "ingcali yezokhuseleko", kunye neenjineli zenethiwekhi. Ngokuqinisekileyo bonke banentloko yesebe le-IT okanye umphathi we-IT onoxanduva lolawulo lweziseko zophuhliso kunye neeprojekthi ze-IT kwisebe. Iinkampani ezinkulu ziya kufuna umlawuli we-IT osiqondayo isicwangciso sobuchule, kwaye apha akuyi kuba licebo elibi ukufumana isidanga se-MBA ukongeza kwimvelaphi yobugcisa esele ikhona. Akukho sisombululo sichanekileyo, konke kuxhomekeke kwinkampani.
Uninzi lwabalingane abancinci abaqala umsebenzi wabo njengomlawuli wenkqubo baqala ngemigca yokuqala neyesibini yenkxaso yobugcisa - ukuphendula imibuzo yobudenge kubasebenzisi, ukufumana amava kunye nokufumana izakhono zokunyamezela uxinzelelo. Baqeqeshwa ngabalawuli benkqubo abanamava ngakumbi, abaphuhlisa ialgorithms yesenzo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusombulula ingxaki, uqwalaselo, njl njl. Umntu ufunda ngokucothayo, kwaye ukuba uphumelele kwaye uthanda yonke into, ngokuthe ngcembe uyakhula ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
Apha siqhubela phambili kumbuzo wokuba ulawulo lwenkqubo lunokuthathwa njengoluhlobo lwe-portal kwi-career enzulu ye-IT, okanye ngaba luhlobo oluthile lwenqanaba elivaliweyo apho unokuphuhlisa ngokuthe tye?
Isibhakabhaka siyanqanda
Okokuqala, ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba kumlawuli wenkqubo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ngokuqwalasela zonke iinkalo eziphambili zophuhliso lwe-IT, kukho ithuba elibalulekileyo lokuphuhlisa nokukhula ngobuchwephesha kuyo nayiphi na indlela ekhethiweyo.
Okokuqala, uyingcali kwisebe lenkxaso ye-IT, ngoko ungumlawuli wenkqubo, kwaye ke kufuneka ukhethe i-specialization. Unokuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo, umlawuli we-Unix, injineli yenethiwekhi, okanye umyili wenkqubo ye-IT okanye ingcali yokhuseleko, okanye nokuba ngumphathi weprojekthi.
Kakade ke, yonke into ayilula kangako - okokuqala, kufuneka ufumane amava, uphumelele iimviwo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ufumane izatifikethi, ubonise rhoqo ukuba unako ukubonisa iziphumo kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenweyo kunye namava, kwaye ufunde rhoqo. Ukuba umlawuli wenkqubo ukhetha indlela yophuhliso kwicala lomakhi wenkqubo, ke apha unokuthembela kumvuzo ongekho mbi ngakumbi kunabaphathi be-IT.
Ngendlela, ukusuka kumlawuli wenkqubo ungangena kulawulo lwe-IT. Ukuba uthanda ukulawula, ukusebenzisana, kunye nokuqondisa, ke umendo uvulelekile kuwe kwintsimi yolawulo lweprojekthi.
Njengokhetho, unokuhlala ungumlawuli wenkqubo kwinqanaba elihle kakhulu lobuchwephesha, kwaye uphuhlise kwindawo ekhethekileyo kakhulu, umzekelo, komnye umnikezeli welifu, ugxininise kwimisebenzi enxulumene neziseko zelifu kunye ne-virtualization.
Ngethamsanqa kubalawuli benkqubo, namhlanje alikho ithuba elingayi kuvulelwa oogxa bakhe - wonke umntu uyazikhethela ukuba angakhula phi kwaye aphuhlise.
Ngaba imfundo ibaxekile?
Iindaba ezilungileyo: sinokuthi umqobo wokungena kwi-IT ngesikhundla somlawuli wenkqubo awufuni ekhethekileyo, ithi, imfundo yemathematika.
Phakathi kwabantu endibaziyo kukho abantu abaninzi abakwaziyo ukwenza umsebenzi onempumelelo, ukuqala ngenkxaso ye-IT kunye nangaphezulu kwindlela echazwe. Ulawulo lwenkqubo luba yeyona βyunivesithi ye-ITβ ebalaseleyo apha.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, imfundo yobugcisa ayiyi kuba yinto engafanelekanga kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, iya kuba luncedo kakhulu, kodwa nakulo mzekelo kuya kufuneka uthathe iikhosi ezithile kwi-specialty yakho kwaye ufumane amava kwiimeko zangempela.
Ngokubanzi, ukuba umntu ufuna ukuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo, ngoko namhlanje akusiyo umsebenzi ovaliweyo, njengokuthi, umqhubi we-fighter. Ungaqala ukuya kumaphupha akho ngokwenyani esofeni ekhaya ngokufunda uncwadi okanye iikhosi kwiscreen se-smartphone yakho. Ulwazi oluninzi malunga naso nasiphi na isihloko sifumaneka kwifom yezifundo zamahhala kunye neentlawulo kunye namanqaku.
Kukho ithuba lokulungiselela umsebenzi wakho wokuqala we-IT ekhaya kwaye ufumane umsebenzi kwinkxaso ye-IT ngoxolo olupheleleyo lwengqondo.
Kambe ke, abo bafundele ubungcali obunxulumeneyo eyunivesithi banenzuzo yokuqala, kodwa, kwelinye icala, umntu onemfundo entle yemathematika akunakwenzeka ukuba acebe ukufumana inkxaso okanye ukuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo; ngokunokwenzeka, uya kukhetha. indlela eyahlukileyo - umzekelo, iDatha enkulu. Kwaye oku kunciphisa kakhulu ukhuphiswano ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lokuqala lokungena kwishishini.
Izakhono: i-5 ephezulu ye-sysadmin "izakhono" - 2020
Ewe kunjalo, iseti ethile yezakhono isafuneka ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo njengomlawuli wenkqubo ngo-2020. Nanku elapha.
Okokuqala, ngumnqweno wokusebenza kwaye ukhule kulo msebenzi, ihlombe, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzimisela ukufunda rhoqo. Le yeyona nto iphambili.
Ukuba umntu weva kwindawo ethile ukuba umlawuli wenkqubo upholile, kodwa emva kokuzama, waqonda ukuba akawuthandi lo msebenzi, kungcono ukuba ungachithi ixesha kwaye utshintshe ubuchule bakhe. Umsebenzi ufuna isimo sengqondo "esinzulu kunye nexesha elide". Kukho into ehlala iguquka kwi-IT. Apha awukwazi ukufunda into kanye kwaye uhlale kolu lwazi iminyaka eyi-10 kwaye ungenzi nto, ungafundi into entsha. βFunda, funda uze ufunde kwakhona.β /IN. I. Lenin/
Inqaku lesibini elibalulekileyo kwiseti yesakhono kukukhumbula kakuhle kunye nezakhono zokuhlalutya. Uhlala kufuneka ugcine ulwazi oluninzi entlokweni yakho, wongeza imiqulu emitsha kunye nemimandla yezifundo kuyo, ukwazi ukuyiqonda ngokuyilayo kwaye uyiguqule ibe sisimbuku sezenzo zobuchwephesha eziluncedo. Kwaye ukwazi ukuloba kwaye usebenzise ulwazi kunye namava ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Inxalenye yesithathu yeyona iseti incinci yolwazi lobuchwephesha. Kubafundi abaphumelele kwiiyunivesithi ezikhethekileyo zobugcisa, kuya kuba ngokwaneleyo: ulwazi lweziseko zolwazi, imigaqo yoyilo lwe-OS (kungekhona nzulu, kungekhona kwinqanaba lomakhi), ukuqonda indlela isofthiwe esebenzisana ngayo ne-hardware, ukuqonda imigaqo yokusebenza kwenethiwekhi, kunye nezakhono ezisisiseko zeprogram, ulwazi olusisiseko lwe-TCP / IP, i-Unix, iinkqubo zeWindows. Ukuba uyayazi indlela yokufaka kwakhona iWindow kwaye udibanise ikhompyuter yakho ngokwakho, sele ukulungele ukuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo.
Enye yeempawu zamaxesha namhlanje kukuzisebenzela; wonke umlawuli wenkqubo ufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kulula ukubhala ezinye iinkqubo kwinqanaba leskripthi, ngaloo ndlela benciphisa umsebenzi wabo wezandla odinayo.
Inqaku lesine lulwazi lwesiNgesi, obu bubuchule obufunekayo ngokupheleleyo. Kungcono ukuzalisa ulwazi lwakho lobuqu kwimithombo yokuqala; ulwimi lwe-IT namhlanje sisiNgesi.
Okokugqibela, inqaku lesihlanu leseti yesakhono somlawuli wenkqubo ka-2020 kukusebenza okuninzi. Ngoku yonke into idibeneyo, umzekelo, zombini iiWindows kunye ne-Unix, njengomthetho, zixutywe kwiziseko ezifanayo kwiibhloko ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi.
I-Unix ngoku isetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo, kokubini kwiziseko zophuhliso ze-IT kunye nasemafini; I-Unix sele iqhuba i-1C kunye ne-MS SQL, kunye ne-Microsoft kunye ne-Amazon cloud cloud servers.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zomsebenzi kwinkampani ethile, umlawuli wenkqubo unokufuneka ukuba akwazi ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza ezona zinto zingalindelekanga kwaye adibanise ngokukhawuleza isicelo sefu esenziwe ngokulungeleyo okanye i-API yayo kwiinkqubo zenkampani.
Ngelizwi, kufuneka uhambelane ne #tyzhaitishnik stereotype kwaye ukwazi ukusebenzela iziphumo kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi.
I-DevOps iphantse ingabonakali
Enye yeemeko ezicacileyo kunye neendlela ekuphuhliseni umsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo namhlanje yi-DevOps; Yiloo stereotype, ubuncinane.
Enyanisweni, yonke into ayilula kakhulu: ingcali ye-DevOps kwi-IT yanamhlanje ininzi yomncedisi womdwelisi ohlala ephucula kwaye "elungisa" isiseko, uyasiqonda isizathu sokuba ikhowudi isebenze kwinguqu enye yelayibrari, kodwa ayizange isebenze kwenye. I-DevOps iphinda izenzele ii-algorithms ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela kunye nokuvavanya imveliso ngokwayo okanye iiseva zefu, kwaye inceda ukukhetha kunye nokuqwalasela uyilo lwamacandelo e-IT. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo unako "iprogram" into kwaye afunde ikhowudi yomnye umntu, kodwa oku akuwona umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko.
I-DevOps ngokuyimfuneko ngumlawuli wenkqubo ekhethekileyo ngakumbi. Yiloo nto ababembiza ngayo, kodwa ayizange itshintshe umsebenzi wakhe kunye nemisebenzi. Kwakhona, ngoku lo msebenzi usendleleni, kodwa abo babengenaxesha lokungena banethuba lokwenza njalo kwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo.
Namhlanje, ukunyuka komgangatho kwintsimi yokwakha umsebenzi we-IT ukusuka kwinqanaba lomlawuli wenkqubo yi-robotics kunye ne-automation (RPA), i-AI kunye neDatha enkulu, i-DevOps, i-Cloud admin.
Ubuchwephesha bomlawuli wenkqubo buhlala bukwisiphambuka semimandla yezifundo ezahlukeneyo, luhlobo lomakhi wobuchule kunye nezakhono zokuzihlanganisa. Akuyi kuba yinto engafanelekanga ukufumana isakhono-ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nolwazi oluncinci lwezengqondo. Ungalibali ukuba awusebenzi nge-IT kuphela, kodwa kunye nabantu abahluke kakhulu. Kuya kufuneka kwakhona uchaze ngaphezu kwesinye isizathu sokuba isisombululo sakho se-IT singcono kunezinye kwaye kutheni kufanelekile ukusisebenzisa.
Ndiya kongeza ukuba umsebenzi uya kuhlala ufunwa ngokungenasiphelo. Ngenxa yokuba zonke izithembiso zabathengisi abakhulu be-IT abavakalisa ukukhululwa "kweqonga elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kunye neenkqubo ezingayi kudiliza, ziya kuzigcina kwaye zizilungise" azikaqinisekiswa ngokusebenza. I-Oracle, iMicrosoft kunye nezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zithetha ngale nto rhoqo kwaye emva koko. Kodwa akukho nto injengale yenzekayo, kuba iinkqubo zolwazi zihlala zihluke kakhulu kwaye zingafani ngokwemigangatho, iilwimi, iiprotocol, njl. Akukho bukrelekrele bokwenziwa okwangoku bukwazi ukuqwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle koyilo lwe-IT oluntsonkothileyo ngaphandle kweempazamo kwaye ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba abalawuli beesistim baya kufuneka ixesha elide kakhulu kunye neemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kubungcali babo.
IT-umphathi weLinxdatacenter Ilya Ilyichev
umthombo: www.habr.com