Umbuzo owuthandayo malunga nayo nayiphi na inkqubo esasazwayo evela kumntu ongengobuchwephesha kukuba "Zingaphi iitps ezikwi-blockchain yakho?" Noko ke, inani elinikelwe ekuphenduleni lidla ngokufana kancinane noko lowo ubuzayo angathanda ukukuva. Enyanisweni, wayefuna ukubuza ukuba "ingaba i-blockchain yakho iya kuhambelana neemfuno zeshishini lam," kwaye ezi mfuno azikho inombolo enye, kodwa iimeko ezininzi - nantsi i-network tolerance tolerance, iimfuno zokugqibela, ubukhulu, ubume bentengiselwano kunye nezinye iiparameters ezininzi. Ngoko impendulo yombuzo othi "zingaphi iitps" ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibe lula, kwaye iphantse ingapheli. Inkqubo esasazwayo enamashumi okanye amakhulu eendawo ezenza izibalo ezintsonkothileyo inokuba kwinani elikhulu lamazwe ahlukeneyo anxulumene nemeko yenethiwekhi, imixholo ye-blockchain, ukusilela kobugcisa, iingxaki zoqoqosho, uhlaselo kwinethiwekhi kunye nezinye izizathu ezininzi. . Izigaba apho iingxaki zokusebenza zinokwenzeka zihluke kwiinkonzo zemveli, kwaye iseva yenethiwekhi ye-blockchain yinkonzo yenethiwekhi edibanisa ukusebenza kwesiseko sedatha, umncedisi wewebhu kunye nomxhasi we-torrent, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngokweprofayili yomthwalo kuzo zonke ii-subsystems. : iprosesa, imemori, inethiwekhi, ugcino
Kwenzeka ukuba uthungelwano olunatyisiweyo kunye ne-blockchains zichanekile kwaye isoftware engaqhelekanga yabaphuhlisi besoftware ephakathi. Ke ngoko, ndingathanda ukuqaqambisa imiba ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kunye nozinzo lothungelwano olunatyisiweyo, iindlela zokulinganisa nokufumana imiqobo. Siza kujonga imiba eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza enciphisa isantya sokubonelela ngeenkonzo kubasebenzisi be-blockchain kwaye uqaphele iimpawu zeempawu zolu hlobo lwesoftware.
Izigaba zesicelo senkonzo ngumthengi we-blockchain
Ukuze uthethe ngokunyanisekileyo malunga nomgangatho wayo nayiphi na inkonzo enzima okanye encinci, kufuneka ungathathi ingqalelo kuphela amaxabiso aphakathi, kodwa kunye nobuninzi / ubuncinane, i-medians, i-percentiles. Ngokwethiyori, sinokuthetha nge-1000 tps kwi-blockchain ethile, kodwa ukuba iintengiselwano ezingama-900 zigqitywe ngesantya esikhulu, kwaye i-100 "yaxinga" imizuzwana embalwa, ngoko ke ixesha eliphakathi eliqokelelwe kuzo zonke iintengiselwano ayisiyo metric efanelekileyo ngokupheleleyo kumxhasi. endingazange ndikwazi ukugqiba intengiselwano kwimizuzwana embalwa. "Imingxuma" yethutyana ebangelwa yimijikelo yemvumelwano ephosiweyo okanye ukwahlulwa kwenethiwekhi kunokonakalisa kakhulu inkonzo ebonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwiibhentshi zovavanyo.
Ukuchonga iibhotile ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda kakuhle izigaba apho i-blockchain yangempela inokuba nobunzima bokukhonza abasebenzisi. Makhe sichaze umjikelo wokuhambisa kunye nokucubungula ukuthengiselana, kunye nokufumana imeko entsha ye-blockchain, apho umxhasi anokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthengiselana kwakhe kuqhutywe kwaye kubalwe.
- intengiselwano yenziwe kumxhasi
- intengiselwano isayinwe kumxhasi
- umxhasi ukhetha enye yeenodi kwaye athumele intengiselwano yakhe kuyo
- umxhasi ubhalisa kuhlaziyo lwesiseko sedatha yelizwe lendawo, elindele iziphumo zentengiselwano yayo ukuba zivele.
- i-node isasaza intengiselwano phezu kwenethiwekhi ye-p2p
- eziliqela okanye enye BP (block producer) iinkqubo eziqokelelweyo, ukuhlaziya isiseko sedatha karhulumente
- I-BP yenza ibhloko entsha emva kokucubungula inani elifunekayo lokuthengiselana
- I-BP isasaza ibhloko entsha kwinethiwekhi ye-p2p
- ibhloko entsha ihanjiswa kwindawo apho umxhasi afikelela kuyo
- indawo yogcino lwedatha yelizwe
- i-node ibona uhlaziyo malunga nomxhasi kwaye imthumelele isaziso sokuthengiselana
Ngoku makhe sijonge ngakumbi kula manqanaba kwaye sichaze imiba yokusebenza enokubakho kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo ezisembindini, siya kuphinda siqwalasele ukuphunyezwa kwekhowudi kubathengi benethiwekhi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa ulinganisa i-TPS, ixesha lokucubungula ukuthengiselana liqokelelwa kwii-nodes, kwaye kungekhona kumxhasi - oku akulungile ngokupheleleyo. Umxhasi akakhathali ukuba i-node iyiqhube ngokukhawuleza kangakanani intengiselwano yakhe; eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuye lixesha apho ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga noku kuthengiselana olubandakanyiweyo kwi-blockchain lufumaneka kuye. Yile metric eyona nto ibalulekileyo ixesha lokwenziwa kwentengiselwano. Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengi abahlukeneyo, nokuba bathumela ukuthengiselana okufanayo, banokufumana amaxesha ahluke ngokupheleleyo, axhomekeke kwitshaneli, umthwalo kunye nokusondela kwe-node, njl. Ngoko kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukulinganisa eli xesha kubaxhasi, kuba le yiparameter efuna ukulungiswa.
Ukulungiselela ukuthengiselana kwicala lomxhasi
Masiqale ngeengongoma ezimbini zokuqala: ukuthengiselana kwenziwa kwaye kusayinwe ngumxhasi. Ngokungaqhelekanga, oku kunokuba ngumqobo wokusebenza kwe-blockchain ngokwembono yomthengi. Oku akuqhelekanga kwiinkonzo ze-centralized, ezithatha zonke izibalo kunye nokusebenza ngedatha, kwaye umxhasi ulungiselela nje isicelo esifutshane esinokucela inani elikhulu ledatha okanye izibalo, ukufumana umphumo osele ulungile. Kwi-blockchains, ikhowudi yomxhasi iba namandla ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye undoqo we-blockchain uba lula ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye imisebenzi emikhulu yekhompyuter idla ngokugqithiselwa kwisoftware yomxhasi. Kwi-blockchains, kukho abathengi abanokuthi balungiselele intengiselwano enye ixesha elide (ndithetha malunga nobungqina obahlukeneyo be-merkle, ubungqina obucacileyo, utyikityo lwe-threshold kunye neminye imisebenzi entsonkothileyo kwicala labaxumi). Umzekelo omhle wokuqinisekisa lula kwikhonkco kunye nolungiselelo olunzima lwentengiselwano kumxhasi bubungqina bobulungu kuluhlu olusekelwe kwi-Merkle-tree, apha .
Kwakhona, ungakulibali ukuba ikhowudi yomxhasi ayithumeli nje ukuthengiselana kwi-blockchain, kodwa kuqala ubuze imeko ye-blockchain - kwaye lo msebenzi unokuchaphazela ukuxinana kwenethiwekhi kunye ne-blockchain nodes. Ke, xa uthatha imilinganiselo, kuya kuba nengqiqo ukulinganisa ukuziphatha kwekhowudi yomxhasi ngokupheleleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nokuba kwi-blockchain yakho kukho abathengi abaqhelekileyo bokukhanya ababeka isiginitsha yedijithali rhoqo kwintengiselwano elula yokuhambisa i-asethi ethile, unyaka nonyaka kusekho izibalo ezinkulu kumxhasi, ii-algorithms ze-crypto ziya ziba namandla, kwaye le nxalenye yokusetyenzwa inokuba namandla ngakumbi. jike ube ngumqobo obalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, qaphela kwaye ungaphuthelwa imeko xa, kwi-transaction ehlala i-3.5s, i-2.5s ichithwa ekulungiseleleni nasekusayineni ukuthengiselana, kunye ne-1.0s ukuyithumela kwinethiwekhi kwaye ilinde impendulo. Ukuvavanya imingcipheko yale bhotile, kufuneka uqokelele i-metrics kumatshini wabaxumi, kwaye kungekhona nje kwi-blockchain nodes.
Ukuthumela intengiselwano kunye nokubeka iliso isimo sayo
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuthumela ukuthengiselana kwi-node ye-blockchain ekhethiweyo kwaye ufumane isimo sokuyamkela kwi-pool yokuthengiselana. Eli nqanaba lifana nokufikelela rhoqo kwisiseko sedatha; i-node kufuneka irekhode intengiselwano echibini kwaye iqalise ukusabalalisa ulwazi malunga nayo nge-p2p network. Indlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza apha ifana nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwee-microservices ze-Web API zendabuko, kwaye ukuthengiselana ngokwazo kwi-blockchains kunokuhlaziywa kwaye kutshintshe ngokusebenzayo isimo sabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhlaziya ulwazi lwentengiselwano kwezinye iibhloko ze-blockchains zingenzeka ngamaxesha amaninzi, umzekelo xa utshintsha phakathi kweefolokhwe zekhonkco okanye xa ii-BPs zivakalisa injongo yazo yokubandakanya ukuthengiselana kwibhloko. Imida kubukhulu beli dama kunye nenani leentengiselwano kuyo inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-blockchain. Ukuba i-pool yokuthengiselana izaliswe kubukhulu obunokwenzeka, okanye ayihambisani ne-RAM, ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kunokuhla ngokukhawuleza. I-Blockchains ayinayo indlela ephakathi yokukhusela kwisikhukula semiyalezo ye-junk, kwaye ukuba i-blockchain isekela ukuthengiselana okuphezulu kunye nemirhumo ephantsi, oku kunokubangela ukuba i-pool yokuthengiselana iphuphume-enye i-bottleneck yokusebenza.
Kwi-blockchains, umxhasi uthumela ukuthengiselana kuyo nayiphi na i-node ye-blockchain ayithandayo, i-hash yentengiselwano idla ngokuyaziwa kumxhasi ngaphambi kokuthumela, ngoko konke okufuneka akwenze kukufezekisa uxhulumaniso kwaye, emva kokudluliselwa, linda ukuba i-blockchain itshintshe. imeko yayo, eyenza intengiselwano yakhe. Qaphela ukuba ngokulinganisa "i-tps" unokufumana iziphumo ezihluke ngokupheleleyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhuma kwi-node ye-blockchain. Oku kunokuba yi-HTTP RPC eqhelekileyo okanye iWebSocket evumela ukuba uphumeze ipateni "yokubhalisa". Kwimeko yesibini, umxhasi uya kufumana isaziso ngaphambili, kwaye i-node iya kuchitha izibonelelo ezincinci (ikakhulukazi imemori kunye ne-traffic) kwiimpendulo malunga nesimo sokuthengiselana. Ngoko xa ulinganisa "i-tps" kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela indlela abaxumi abaxhuma ngayo kwiinodi. Ke ngoko, ukuvavanya imingcipheko yale bhotile, i-benchmark blockchain kufuneka ikwazi ukuxelisa abathengi kunye nezicelo zeWebSocket kunye neHTTP RPC, ngokwemilinganiselo ehambelana neenethiwekhi zangempela, kunye nokutshintsha uhlobo lwentengiselwano kunye nobukhulu babo.
Ukuvavanya imingcipheko yale bhotile, kufuneka kwakhona uqokelele i-metrics kumatshini wabaxumi, kwaye kungekhona nje kwi-blockchain nodes.
Ukuhanjiswa kweentengiselwano kunye neebhloko ngenethiwekhi ye-p2p
Kwi-blockchains, i-peer-to-peer (p2p) inethiwekhi isetyenziselwa ukudlulisa ukuthengiselana kunye neebhloko phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Iintengiselwano zisasazeka kuwo wonke umnatha wothungelwano, ziqala ukusuka kwenye yee-nodes, de zifike kubakhiqizi bebhloko yoontanga, abapakisha ukuthengiselana kwiibhloko kwaye, ngokusebenzisa i-p2p efanayo, basasaze iibhloko ezintsha kuzo zonke iindawo zenethiwekhi. Isiseko sothungelwano oluninzi lwangoku lwep2p luhlengahlengiso olwahlukeneyo lweprotocol yeKademlia. isishwankathelo esihle sale protocol, kunye - inqaku elinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi yeBitTorrent, apho umntu unokuqonda ukuba olu hlobo lothungelwano lunzima kwaye luqikeleleka kakhulu kunothungelwano olucwangcisiweyo olungqongqo lwenkonzo ephakathi. Kwakhona, inqaku malunga nokulinganisa iimetriki ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla ze-Ethereum node.
Ngamafutshane, intanga nganye kuthungelwano olunjalo igcina uluhlu lwayo oluguquguqukayo lwabanye oontanga apho icela iibhloko zolwazi olubhekiswe kumxholo. Xa intanga ifumana isicelo, mhlawumbi inika ulwazi oluyimfuneko okanye idlulisele isicelo kumlingani olandelayo ongakhethi buso ovela kuluhlu, kwaye emva kokuba ifumene impendulo, iyigqithisele kumceli kwaye igcinwe ixeshana, inika oku. ibhlokhi yolwazi kwangaphambili kwixesha elizayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ulwazi oludumileyo luphela kwinani elikhulu lee-cache zenani elikhulu loontanga, kwaye ulwazi olungathandekiyo lutshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Oontanga bagcina iirekhodi zokuba ngubani oye wadlulisela ulwazi oluninzi kubani, kunye nenethiwekhi izama ukuvuselela abasasazi abasebenzayo ngokunyusa ukulinganisa kwabo kunye nokubonelela ngezinga eliphezulu lenkonzo, ukukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo abathathi-nxaxheba abangasebenziyo kwizintlu zontanga.
Ngoko ke, ukuthengiselana ngoku kufuneka kuhanjiswe kuwo wonke umnatha womnatha ukwenzela ukuba ibhloko-abavelisi banokuyibona kwaye bayifake kwibhloko. I-node ngokusebenzayo "ihambisa" ukuthengiselana okutsha kuwo wonke umntu kwaye iphulaphule inethiwekhi, ilinde ibhloko kwisalathisi apho ukuthengiswa okufunekayo kuya kubonakala ukwenzela ukwazisa umxhasi olindileyo. Ixesha elithathayo ukuba uthungelwano ludlulise ulwazi malunga neentengiselwano ezintsha kunye neebhloko omnye komnye kuthungelwano lwe-p2p luxhomekeke kwinani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto: inani leendawo ezithembekileyo ezisebenza kufutshane (ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga inethiwekhi), "ukufudumala- phezuluβ kwee-cache zezi ndawo, ubukhulu beebhloko, iitransekshini, ubume botshintsho , ijografi yenethiwekhi, inani leendawo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Imilinganiselo enzima yeemetrikhi zokusebenza kwiinethiwekhi ezinjalo ngumcimbi onzima; kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ngaxeshanye ixesha lokucubungula isicelo kubo bobabini abathengi kunye noontanga (i-blockchain nodes). Iingxaki kuyo nayiphi na indlela ye-p2p, ukukhutshwa kwedatha engalunganga kunye ne-caching, ulawulo olungasebenziyo loluhlu lwabalingane abasebenzayo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukulibaziseka okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi yonke, kwaye le bottleneck inzima kakhulu ukuyihlalutya. , uvavanyo nokuchazwa kweziphumo.
Ukusetyenzwa kweBlockchain kunye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yelizwe
Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-blockchain yi-algorithm yokuvumelana, isicelo sayo kwiibhloko ezintsha ezifunyenwe kwinethiwekhi kunye nokucutshungulwa kweentengiselwano kunye nokurekhoda kweziphumo kwi-database yelizwe. Ukongeza ibhloko entsha kwikhonkco kwaye ukhethe ikhonkco eliphambili kufuneka lisebenze ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kubomi bokwenyani, "ifanele" ayithethi "imisebenzi", kwaye umntu unokucinga, umzekelo, imeko apho amatyathanga amabini akhuphisanayo amade ahlala etshintsha phakathi kwawo, etshintsha imetadata yamawaka entengiselwano echibini kwiswitshi nganye. , kwaye rhoqo ukuqengqeleka umva idatabase karhulumente. Eli nqanaba, ngokubhekiselele ekuchazeni i-bottleneck, lilula kune-p2p network layer, kuba ukuphunyezwa kwentengiselwano kunye ne-algorithm yemvumelwano zizimisele ngokungqongqo, kwaye kulula ukulinganisa nantoni na apha.
Into ephambili ayikudidanisa ukuthotywa kwe-random ekusebenzeni kwesi sigaba kunye neengxaki zenethiwekhi - ii-node zicotha ekuhambiseni iibhloko kunye nolwazi malunga nekhonkco eliphambili, kwaye kumxhasi wangaphandle oku kunokubonakala ngathi yinethiwekhi ecothayo, nangona ingxaki ilele. indawo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Ukwandisa ukusebenza kweli nqanaba, kuluncedo ukuqokelela kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-metrics kwii-nodes ngokwazo, kwaye ubandakanye kuzo ezo zihambelana nokuhlaziya i-state-database: inani leebhloko ezicutshungulwayo kwi-node, ubungakanani bazo, inani leentengiselwano, inani lokutshintsha phakathi kweefolokhwe zekhonkco, inani leebloko ezingasebenziyo, ixesha lokusebenza komatshini wenyani, ixesha lokuzibophelela kwedatha, njl. Oku kuya kuthintela iingxaki zenethiwekhi ukuba zingabhidaniswa neempazamo kwii-algorithms zokusetyenzwa kwekhonkco.
Ukuthengiswa komatshini obonakalayo kunokuba ngumthombo oluncedo wolwazi olunokwandisa ukusebenza kwe-blockchain. Inani lolwabiwo lweememori, inani lemiyalelo yokufunda / yokubhala, kunye nezinye iimethrikhi ezinxulumene nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhowudi yekhontrakthi yokwenziwa kwekhowudi inokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi oluluncedo kubaphuhlisi. Ngexesha elifanayo, iikontraki ezihlakaniphile ziyiprogram, oku kuthetha ukuba kwi-theory banokudla nayiphi na i-resources: i-cpu / imemori / inethiwekhi / ukugcinwa, ngoko ukuqhutyelwa kwentengiselwano yinqanaba elingaqinisekanga, elongezelelweyo, litshintsha kakhulu xa lihamba phakathi kweenguqulelo. naxa utshintsha iikhowudi zekontraka. Ke ngoko, iimethrikhi ezinxulumene nokusetyenzwa kwentengiselwano nazo ziyafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwe-blockchain.
Ukufumana umxhasi wesaziso malunga nokubandakanywa kwentengiselwano kwi-blockchain
Eli linqanaba lokugqibela lomthengi we-blockchain ofumana inkonzo; xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izigaba, akukho zindleko ezinkulu, kodwa kusafanele kuqwalaselwe ukuba kungenzeka ukuba umxhasi afumane impendulo evakalayo kwi-node (umzekelo, ikhontrakthi ehlakaniphile. ibuyisela uluhlu lwedatha). Kwimeko nayiphi na into, le ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu kulowo wabuza umbuzo othi "zingaphi iitps kwi-blockchain yakho?", Kuba Kulo mzuzu, ixesha lokufumana inkonzo lirekhodwa.
Kule ndawo, kuhlala kukho ukuthunyelwa kwexesha elipheleleyo apho umxhasi kwakufuneka alichithe elinde impendulo evela kwi-blockchain; ngeli xesha umsebenzisi uya kulinda ukuqinisekiswa kwisicelo sakhe, kwaye kukulungelelaniswa kwayo. umsebenzi ophambili wabaphuhlisi.
isiphelo
Ngenxa yoko, sinokuchaza iintlobo zemisebenzi eyenziwa kwi-blockchains kwaye izahlule ngokweendidi ezininzi:
- ukuguqulwa kwe-cryptographic, ukwakhiwa kobungqina
- uthungelwano lontanga, ukuthengiselana kunye nokuphindaphinda kwebhloko
- ukusetyenzwa kwentengiselwano, ukwenziwa kweekontraki ezikrelekrele
- ukusebenzisa utshintsho kwi-blockchain kwi-database yelizwe, ukuhlaziya idatha kwiintengiselwano kunye neebhloko
- funda-kuphela izicelo kwi-database karhulumente, blockchain node API, iinkonzo zorhumo
Ngokubanzi, iimfuno zobugcisa zeendawo zale mihla ze-blockchain zinzulu kakhulu - ii-CPU ezikhawulezayo zokubhalwa kwe-cryptography, isixa esikhulu se-RAM yokugcina kunye nokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwidathabheyisi yelizwe, ukusebenzisana kwenethiwekhi kusetyenziswa inani elikhulu loqhagamshelo oluvulekileyo ngaxeshanye, kunye nokugcinwa okukhulu. Iimfuno eziphezulu ezinjalo kunye nobuninzi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi zikhokelela kwinto yokuba iindawo ezinokuthi zingabi namithombo yaneleyo, kwaye ke naziphi na izigaba ezixoxwe ngasentla zinokuba ngomnye umqobo womsebenzi wothungelwano jikelele.
Xa uyila kwaye uvavanya ukusebenza kwe-blockchains, kuya kufuneka uwathathele ingqalelo onke la manqaku. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uqokelele kwaye uhlalutye i-metrics ngaxeshanye ukusuka kubathengi kunye neenethiwekhi zenethiwekhi, khangela ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwabo, uqikelele ixesha elithathayo ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kubaxhasi, uthathele ingqalelo zonke izibonelelo eziphambili: cpu / imemori / inethiwekhi / yokugcina , baqonde indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kwaye zibe nempembelelo omnye komnye. Konke oku kwenza ukuthelekisa isantya see-blockchains ezahlukeneyo ngendlela "engaphi na i-TPS" ibe ngumsebenzi ongenambulelo kakhulu, kuba kukho inani elikhulu lolungelelwaniso kunye nemimandla. Kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezisembindini, amaqela amakhulu eeseva, ezi ngxaki nazo zintsonkothile kwaye zifuna ukuqokelelwa kwenani elikhulu leemetrikhi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwi-blockchains, ngenxa yothungelwano lwe-p2p, iikontraki zokulungisa oomatshini, uqoqosho lwangaphakathi, inani leedigri. yenkululeko inkulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza uvavanyo nakwiiseva ezininzi, alubonisi kwaye lubonisa amaxabiso aqikelelweyo aphantse angenakunxibelelana nenyani.
Ke ngoko, xa siphuhla kumbindi we-blockchain, ukuvavanya ukusebenza kunye nokuphendula umbuzo othi "ingaba iphucukile xa ithelekiswa nexesha lokugqibela?" Sisebenzisa isoftware entsonkothileyo eququzelela ukuqaliswa kwebhlokhina enenqwaba yeenodi kwaye iqalise ngokuzenzekelayo ibhentshi kwaye iqokelele iimetriki. Ngaphandle kolu lwazi kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa iiprothokholi ezisebenza ngabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi.
Ke, xa ufumana umbuzo othi "zingaphi ii-TPS ezikwi-blockchain yakho?", Nika umntu othetha naye iti kwaye ubuze ukuba ukulungele na ukujonga iigrafu ezilishumi elinesibini kwaye umamele zonke iibhokisi ezintathu zeengxaki zokusebenza kwe-blockchain kunye neengcebiso zakho ukuzisombulula...
umthombo: www.habr.com