Ngokuqinisekileyo uye wazibuza ukuba zingakanani iindleko zesiseko seprojekthi yakho. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyamangalisa: ukukhula kweendleko akuhambelani ngokubhekiselele kwimithwalo. Abanini bamashishini abaninzi, izikhululo zenkonzo kunye nabaphuhlisi bayaqonda ngasese ukuba bahlawula ngaphezulu. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindleko zokusika zehla ngokulula ekufumaneni isisombululo esincinci, isicwangciso se-AWS, okanye, kwimeko yeeracks ezibonakalayo, ukulungelelanisa ulungelelwaniso lwe-hardware. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela: enyanisweni, nabani na wenza oku, njengoko uThixo ethanda: ukuba sithetha ngokuqalwa, ke lo mhlawumbi ngumphuhlisi okhokelayo onentloko eninzi. Kwiiofisi ezinkulu, oku kujongwana neCMO/CTO, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umlawuli jikelele uzibandakanya ngokwakhe kulo mba kunye nomgcini-zincwadi oyintloko. Ngokubanzi, abo bantu banenkxalabo "engundoqo" eyaneleyo. Kwaye kuvela ukuba iibhilikhwe zeziseko ezingundoqo ziyenyuka, kodwa abo bangenalo ixesha lokujongana nayo bajongana nayo.
Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga iphepha langasese kwiofisi, oku kuya kwenziwa ngumphathi wokubonelela okanye umntu onoxanduva ovela kwinkampani yokucoca. Ukuba sithetha ngophuhliso - kukhokelela kunye neCTO. Ukuthengisa - yonke into nayo icacile. Kodwa ukusukela kwimihla yakudala, xa "igumbi leseva" yayiligama lekhabhathi apho kwakukho inkqubo yenqaba eqhelekileyo ene-RAM encinci kunye neqela lee-hard drives kuhlaselo, wonke umntu (okanye ubuncinci uninzi) akaluhoyi. inyaniso yokuba ukuthengwa komthamo kufuneka kusingathwe naye umntu oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa.
Yeha, inkumbulo yembali kunye namava abonisa ukuba kangangamashumi eminyaka lo msebenzi watshintshelwa kubantu "abangaqhelekanga": nabani na owayesondele kakhulu wawuthatha umbuzo. Kwaye kutsha nje ubuchwephesha beFinOps buqale ukumila kwintengiso kwaye bathatha imilo ebambekayo. Lo ikwangulo mntu uqeqeshelwe ngokukodwa umsebenzi wakhe ikukulawula ukuthengwa nokusetyenziswa komthamo. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ekunciphiseni iindleko zenkampani kule ndawo.
Asikukhuthazi ukulahla izisombululo ezibizayo nezisebenzayo: ishishini ngalinye kufuneka lizenzele isigqibo ngokwalo ukuba lifuna ntoni ukuze kubekho ubomi obutofotofo ngokwehardware kunye neentlawulo zamafu. Kodwa umntu akanakunceda kodwa anikele ingqalelo kwinto yokuba ukuthenga ngokungenangqondo “ngokoluhlu” ngaphandle kokubeka iliso okulandelayo kunye nohlalutyo lokusetyenziswa kweenkampani ezininzi ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kwilahleko ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yolawulo olungasebenziyo “lwee-asethi” ze-backend yazo.
Ngubani iFinOps
Masithi uneshishini elithembekileyo, apho abantu abathengisayo bathetha “ngeshishini” ngethoni ephefumlayo. Mhlawumbi, "ngokoluhlu" uthenge iiseva ezilishumi elinesibini okanye ezimbini, i-AWS kunye nezinye "izinto ezincinci". Yiyiphi ingqiqo: kwinkampani enkulu uhlobo oluthile lokunyakaza luhlala lusenzeka - amanye amaqela akhula, amanye ahlukana, amanye adluliselwa kwiiprojekthi ezikufutshane. Kwaye indibaniselwano yezi ntshukumo, kunye nendlela yokuthengwa kwempahla “esekwe kuluhlu”, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kwiinwele ezintsha ezingwevu xa kujongwe umthetho oyilwayo wenyanga weziseko zophuhliso.
Ke yintoni omawuyenze-uqhubeke ngomonde ube ngwevu, upeyinte phezu kwayo, okanye ufumane izizathu zokuvela kwezi zero ezininzi zoyikekayo kwintlawulo?
Masithembeke: ukuvunywa, ukuvunywa kunye nokuhlawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwesicelo ngaphakathi kwenkampani kwixabiso elifanayo le-AWS akusoloko (enyanisweni, phantse nakanye) ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yentshukumo eqhubekayo yenkampani, ezinye zezi zinto zifunyenweyo zinokuthi "zilahlekile" kwenye indawo. Kwaye kulula ukuma ungasebenzi. Ukuba umlawuli oqapheleyo uqaphela i-rack engenamnini kwigumbi lakhe leseva, ngoko kwimeko yeerhafu zamafu yonke into ibuhlungu kakhulu. Zingagcinwa iinyanga - zihlawulwe, kodwa kwangaxeshanye azisafunwa nangubani na kwisebe ezithengwe ngalo. Kwangaxeshanye, abalingane kwiofisi elandelayo baqala ukukrazula iinwele zabo ezingekabi zingwevu kungekuphela nje ezintlokweni zabo, kodwa nakwezinye iindawo - abakhange bakwazi ukuhlawula umrhumo ofanayo we-AWS weveki ye-nth. ifuneka ngamandla.
Sesiphi esona sisombululo sicacileyo? Kunjalo, nikezela ngeentambo kwabo basweleyo, kwaye wonke umntu wonwabile. Kodwa unxibelelwano oluthe tyaba alusoloko lusekwe kakuhle. Kwaye isebe lesibini lisenokungazi malunga nobutyebi bokuqala, nto leyo eyathi ngandlel' ithile ayifuni ngokwenene obu butyebi.
Ngubani obekek’ ityala ngale nto? - Enyanisweni, akukho mntu. Yiloo ndlela yonke into imiselwe ngayo ngoku.
Ngubani ophethwe koku? - Yiloo nto, inkampani yonke.
Ngubani onokulungisa imeko? - Ewe, ewe, FinOps.
I-FinOps ayikho nje umaleko phakathi kwabaphuhlisi kunye nezixhobo abazidingayo, kodwa umntu okanye iqela eliya kwazi apho, yintoni kwaye "ilala" kakuhle kangakanani ngokweentlawulo zefu ezifanayo ezithengwa yinkampani. Ngapha koko, aba bantu kufuneka basebenze kunye ne-DevOps, kwelinye icala, kunye nesebe lezemali kwelinye, bedlala indima yomlamli osebenzayo kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, umhlalutyi.
Incinci malunga nokwenza ngcono
Amafu. Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye lilungele kakhulu. Kodwa esi sisombululo siyayeka ukuba sezantsi xa inani labancedisi lifikelela kabini okanye kathathu. Ukongeza, amafu akwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iinkonzo ezininzi nangaphezulu ebezingafumanekiyo ngaphambili: ezi zinkcukacha zedatha njengenkonzo (i-Amazon AWS, i-Azure Database), izicelo ezingenasiphelo (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) kunye nabanye abaninzi. Zonke zipholile kakhulu kuba kulula ukuzisebenzisa-ukuthenga nokuhamba, akukho ngxaki. Kodwa ngokunzulu inkampani kunye neeprojekthi zayo ziwela emafini, ngakumbi i-CFO ilala. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza ijikelezi lijika libe ngwevu.
Inyani yeyokuba ii-invoyisi zeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zamafu zihlala zibhidekisa kakhulu: kwinto enye unokufumana ingcaciso enamaphepha amathathu okuba, ihambe phi kwaye njani imali yakho. Oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kumnandi, kodwa phantse akunakwenzeka ukuyiqonda. Ngaphezu koko, uluvo lwethu kulo mbandela lukude nolo lodwa: ukuze udlulisele ii-akhawunti zefu kubantu, kukho iinkonzo ezipheleleyo, umzekelo. okanye . Ukuba umntu uzikhathazile ukwenza inkonzo eyahlukileyo yokucacisa amatyala, ke ubungakanani bengxaki bugqithise ixabiso ledayi yeenwele.
Ke yenza ntoni iFinOps kule meko:
- iqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba nini kwaye kwiyiphi imiqulu yezisombululo zamafu zathengwa.
- uyazi ukuba ezi zakhono zisetyenziswa njani.
- iyakwaba ngokutsha ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zeyunithi ethile.
- ayithengi "ukuze ibe".
- kwaye ekugqibeleni, kukugcinela imali.
Umzekelo omkhulu kukugcinwa kwelifu kwekopi ebandayo yesiseko sedatha. Umzekelo, ngaba uyayigcina ukuze unciphise indawo kunye netrafikhi esetyenziswayo xa uhlaziya ugcino? Ewe, kubonakala ngathi imeko iphantsi-kwimeko enye, kodwa ukuphelela kweemeko eziphantsi ngolo hlobo kamva kubangela iindleko ezigqithisileyo zeenkonzo zefu.
Okanye enye imeko: uthenge umthamo ogciniweyo kwi-AWS okanye kwi-Azure ukuze ungaweli phantsi komthwalo ophakamileyo. Ngaba unokuqiniseka ukuba esi sesona sisombululo? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba ezi meko zingasebenzi ngama-80%, ke unika nje imali kwiAmazon. Ngaphezu koko, kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-AWS efanayo kunye ne-Azure zineemeko ezinokugqabhuka - kutheni ufuna iiseva ezingasebenziyo, ukuba ungasebenzisa isixhobo ukusombulula iingxaki zemithwalo ephezulu? Okanye, endaweni yeemeko ze-On Premise, kuya kufuneka ujonge ngakwi-Reserved - zibiza kakhulu kwaye zibonelela ngezaphulelo.
Ngendlela, malunga nezaphulelo
Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, ukuthengwa kudla ngokuqhutywa nguye nabani na - bafumene owokugqibela, kwaye ngandlela-thile uyayenza ngokwakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abasele bexakeke baba "ngokugqithiseleyo", kwaye ngenxa yoko sifumana imeko apho umntu ngokukhawuleza nangobuchule, kodwa ngokuzimeleyo, ugqiba ukuba yintoni kwaye yintoni ubuninzi bokuthenga.
Kodwa xa usebenzisana nomthengisi ovela kwinkonzo yelifu, unokufumana iimeko ezintle ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekuthengeni isambatho esipheleleyo. Kuyacaca ukuba awuyi kukwazi ukufumana izaphulelo ezinjalo kwimoto ngobhaliso oluthe cwaka kunye necala elinye-kodwa emva kokuthetha nomphathi wentengiso wokwenyani, unokutshisa. Okanye aba bafana banokukuxelela into abanayo ngoku izaphulelo. Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo.
Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ukukhanya akuzange kuhlangane njengewedge kwi-AWS okanye kwi-Azure. Ewe kunjalo, akukho mbuzo wokulungiselela elakho igumbi leseva-kodwa kukho iindlela ezizezinye kwezi zisombululo zimbini zakudala ezivela kwizigebenga.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Google yazisa iqonga le-Firebase kwiinkampani, apho banokubamba iprojekthi yeselula efanayo kwisiseko se-turnkey, enokufuna ukukala ngokukhawuleza. Ukugcinwa, i-database yexesha langempela, ukusingathwa kunye nokuvumelanisa idatha yefu usebenzisa esi sisombululo njengomzekelo sifumaneka kwindawo enye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba singathethi ngeprojekthi ye-monolithic, kodwa malunga nokuphelela kwayo, ngoko isisombululo esisembindini asisoloko sinenzuzo. Ukuba iprojekthi ihlala ixesha elide, inembali yayo yophuhliso kunye nenani elihambelanayo ledatha efunekayo yokugcina, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukucinga malunga nokubekwa okucandekileyo.
Xa ulungiselela iindleko zeenkonzo zelifu, unokuqaphela ngequbuliso ukuba kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zeshishini ungathenga iirhafu ezinamandla ngakumbi eziza kubonelela inkampani ngengeniso engaphazanyiswa. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukugcina "ilifa" lophuhliso, i-archives endala, i-database, njl njl kumafu abizayo isisombululo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kwidatha enjalo, iziko ledatha eliqhelekileyo elinee-HDD eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-hardware yamandla aphakathi ngaphandle kweentsimbi kunye neempempe zifanelekile.
Apha kwakhona, usenokucinga ukuba "oku kuphikisana akufanelekanga," kodwa yonke ingxaki yolu papasho isekelwe kwinto yokuba kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo abantu abanoxanduva bangazihoyi izinto ezincinci kwaye benze izinto ezilungele kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Okokuthi, ekugqibeleni, emva kweminyaka embalwa kubangele ezo akhawunti ezoyikisayo.
Uba yintoni umphumo?
Ngokubanzi, amafu apholile, asombulula iingxaki ezininzi kumashishini naluphi na ubungakanani. Nangona kunjalo, ukutsha kwale nto kuthetha ukuba asikabi nayo inkcubeko yokusetyenziswa kunye nokulawula. I-FinOps sisileva sombutho esikunceda ukuba usebenzise amandla elifu ngokufanelekileyo. Into ephambili ayiyikuguqula esi sikhundla sibe yi-analogue yeqela lokudubula, umsebenzi walo uya kuba kukubamba abaphuhlisi abangenankathalo ngesandla kwaye "bathethise" ngexesha lokuphumla.
Abaphuhlisi kufuneka baphuhlise, bangabali imali yenkampani. Kwaye ke i-FinOps kufuneka yenze zombini inkqubo yokuthenga kunye nenkqubo yokuphelisa okanye yokudlulisela umthamo welifu kwamanye amaqela ibe ngumsitho olula kwaye wonwabe kuwo onke amaqela.
umthombo: www.habr.com