Imeko yeDevOps eRussia ngo-2020

Indlela yokuqonda imeko yento?

Unokuxhomekeka kwimbono yakho, eyenziwe kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi, umzekelo, iimpapasho kwiiwebhusayithi okanye amava. Unokubuza oogxa, obaziyo. Enye inketho kukujonga izihloko zeenkomfa: ikomiti yeprogram ngabameli abakhutheleyo beshishini, ngoko siyabathemba ekukhetheni izihloko ezifanelekileyo. Indawo eyahlukileyo luphando kunye neengxelo. Kodwa kukho ingxaki. Uphando kwimeko ye-DevOps luqhutywa minyaka yonke kwihlabathi, iingxelo zipapashwa ziinkampani zangaphandle, kwaye akukho phantse ulwazi malunga ne-Russian DevOps.

Kodwa imini iye yaqhutywa isifundo esinjalo, yaye namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemiphumo. Imeko ye-DevOps eRashiya yafundiswa ngokudibeneyo ziinkampani "Ukuvakalisa 42"Kwaye"Ontiko". I-Express 42 inceda iinkampani zetekhnoloji ziphumeze kwaye ziphuhlise iinkqubo ze-DevOps kunye nezixhobo kwaye yayingomnye wabokuqala ukuthetha nge-DevOps eRashiya. Ababhali bokufunda, u-Igor Kurochkin kunye no-Vitaly Khabarov, baxakeke kuhlalutyo kunye nokubonisana kwi-Express 42, ngelixa benemvelaphi yezobuchwepheshe ukusuka ekusebenzeni kunye namava kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Kwiminyaka eyi-8, oogxa baye bajonga iinkampani ezininzi kunye neeprojekthi - ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya kumashishini - kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvuthwa kwenkcubeko kunye nobunjineli.

Kwingxelo yabo, u-Igor no-Vitaly baxelele ukuba zeziphi iingxaki kwinkqubo yophando, indlela abazisombulula ngayo, kunye nendlela uphando lwe-DevOps lwenziwa ngayo ngokomgaqo kwaye kutheni i-Express 42 yagqiba ekubeni iqhube eyakhe. Ingxelo yabo inokujongwa apha.

Uphando lweDevOps

Incoko yaqalwa ngu-Igor Kurochkin.

Sihlala sibuza abaphulaphuli kwiinkomfa ze-DevOps, "Ngaba ufundile ingxelo yesimo se-DevOps yalo nyaka?" Bambalwa abaphakamisa izandla zabo, yaye uhlolisiso lwethu lwabonisa ukuba sisithathu kuphela esasifundisisa kubo. Ukuba awuzange uzibone iingxelo ezinjalo, masithi ngoko nangoko zonke zifana kakhulu. Amaxesha amaninzi kukho amabinzana afana nala: "Xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo ..."

Apha sinengxaki yokuqala, kwaye emva kwayo ezimbini ngaphezulu:

1. Asinayo idatha yonyaka ophelileyo. Imeko ye-DevOps eRashiya ayinamdla nakubani na;
2. Indlela yokusebenza. Akucaci indlela yokuvavanya iingcamango, indlela yokwakha imibuzo, indlela yokuhlalutya, ukuthelekisa iziphumo, ukufumana uxhulumaniso;
3. Isigama. Zonke iingxelo zingesiNgesi, ukuguqulelwa kuyadingeka, isakhelo esiqhelekileyo se-DevOps asikaqanjwa kwaye wonke umntu uza neyakhe.

Makhe sijonge indlela uhlalutyo lwe-DevOps lwenziwe ngayo kwihlabathi liphela.

Umlando

Uphando lwe-DevOps lwenziwe ukususela kwi-2011. Upopathi, umphuhlisi weenkqubo zolawulo lolungelelwaniso, wayengowokuqala ukuziqhuba. Ngelo xesha, kwakungenye yezixhobo eziphambili zokuchaza iziseko ngendlela yekhowudi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-2013, ezi zifundo bezivaliwe nje kwaye akukho zingxelo zoluntu.

Kwi-2013, i-IT Revolution yavela, umshicileli wazo zonke iincwadi eziphambili kwi-DevOps. Kanye kunye nePuppet, balungiselela upapasho lokuqala lwe-State of DevOps, apho iimethrikhi eziphambili ze-4 zavela okokuqala. Kunyaka olandelayo, iThimbaWorks, ifem yokubonisana eyaziwa ngeerada zayo zetekhnoloji eziqhelekileyo kwizenzo zeshishini kunye nezixhobo, yabandakanyeka. Kwaye ngo-2015, icandelo elinendlela yokusebenza yongezwa, kwaye kwacaca ukuba benza njani uhlalutyo.

Kwi-2016, ababhali besifundo, bedale inkampani yabo i-DORA (i-DevOps Research and Assessment), ipapashe ingxelo yonyaka. Kunyaka olandelayo, iDORA kunye noPuppet bakhupha ingxelo yabo yokugqibela edibeneyo.

Kwaye kwaqala into enomdla:

Ngo-2018, iinkampani zahlukana kwaye iingxelo ezimbini ezizimeleyo zakhululwa: enye isuka kwiPuppet, eyesibini isuka kwiDORA ngokubambisana neGoogle. I-DORA iqhubekile nokuphucula indlela yayo kunye neemetriki eziphambili, iiprofayili zokusebenza, kunye nezenzo zobunjineli ezichaphazela iimetriki eziphambili kunye nokusebenza kwenkampani ngokubanzi. Kwaye iPuppet inike indlela yayo ngenkcazo yenkqubo kunye nokuvela kweDevOps. Kodwa ibali alizange libe neengcambu, ngo-2019 uPuppet wayishiya le ndlela kwaye wakhupha inguqulelo entsha yeengxelo, ezidwelise iindlela eziphambili kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo i-DevOps ngokwembono yabo. Emva koko kwenzeka esinye isiganeko: uGoogle uthenge iDORA, kwaye kunye bakhupha enye ingxelo. Usenokuba umbonile.

Kulo nyaka, izinto ziye zantsonkotha. Upopathi waziwa ukuba usungule olwakhe uphando. Bayenze kwiveki engaphambi kwethu, kwaye sele iphelile. Sathatha inxaxheba kuyo kwaye sajonga ukuba yeyiphi izihloko abanomdla kuzo. Ngoku uPuppet wenza uhlalutyo lwakhe kwaye ulungiselela ukupapasha ingxelo.

Kodwa akukabikho sibhengezo esivela kwiDORA kunye neGoogle. NgoMeyi, xa uphando luqhele ukuqala, kwafika ulwazi lokuba uNicole Forsgren, omnye wabasunguli beDORA, wayefudukele kwenye inkampani. Ke ngoko, sicinge ukuba akukho phando kunye nengxelo evela kwiDORA kulo nyaka.

Zinjani izinto eRashiya?

Asilwenzanga uphando lwe-DevOps. Sathetha kwiinkomfa, sichaza kwakhona iziphumo zabanye abantu, kwaye uRaiffeisenbank waguqulela "iState of DevOps" ngo-2019 (ungasifumana isibhengezo sabo kwi-Habré), enkosi kakhulu kubo. Kwaye konke.

Ke ngoko, senze uphando lwethu eRussia sisebenzisa iindlela zeDORA kunye neziphumo. Sisebenzise ingxelo yoogxa baseRaiffeisenbank kuphando lwethu, kubandakanywa nongqamaniso lwesigama kunye nokuguqulela. Kwaye imibuzo enxulumene noshishino ithathwe kwiingxelo ze-DORA kunye nekhweshine yePuppet yalo nyaka.

Inkqubo yophando

Ingxelo kuphela inxalenye yokugqibela. Iyonke inkqubo yophando inamanyathelo amane amakhulu:

Ngethuba lesigaba sokulungiselela, senze udliwano-ndlebe neengcali zoshishino kwaye salungiselela uluhlu lweengcamango. Ngokwesiseko sabo, kwaqulunqwa imibuzo kwaza kwenziwa uphando kulo lonke u-Agasti. Emva koko sahlalutya kwaye salungiselela ingxelo ngokwayo. Kuba DORA, le nkqubo ithatha 6 iinyanga. Sidibene kwiinyanga ezi-3, kwaye ngoku siyaqonda ukuba besingenalo ixesha elaneleyo: kuphela ngokwenza uhlalutyo uyayiqonda ukuba yeyiphi imibuzo ekufuneka uyibuze.

nxaxheba

Zonke iingxelo zangaphandle ziqala nge-portrait yabathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye uninzi lwabo aluveli eRashiya. Ipesenti yabaphenduli baseRashiya iguquguquka ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-1% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye oku akuvumeli naziphi na izigqibo ukuba zenziwe.

Imephu evela kwingxelo ye-Accelerate State of DevOps 2019:

Kuphononongo lwethu, sikwazile ukwenza udliwano-ndlebe nabantu abangama-889 - oku kuninzi (ukuvota kwe-DORA malunga newaka labantu ngonyaka kwiingxelo zayo) kwaye apha sifezekise injongo:

Enyanisweni, ayingabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bethu abafikelele esiphelweni: ipesenti yokugqitywa yajika yaba ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha. Kodwa nangona oku kwakwanele ukufumana isampuli yommeli kunye nokwenza uhlalutyo. I-DORA ayivezi iipesenti zokuzalisa kwiingxelo zayo, ngoko akukho kuthelekiswa apha.

Amashishini kunye nezikhundla

Abaphenduli bethu bamele amashishini alishumi elinambini. Umsebenzi wesiqingatha kwiteknoloji yolwazi. Oku kulandelwa ziinkonzo zemali, urhwebo, uthungelwano ngefowuni nezinye. Phakathi kwezikhundla kukho iingcali (umphuhlisi, umvavanyi, injineli yokusebenza) kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo (iintloko zamaqela, amaqela, imimandla, abalawuli):

Umntu omnye kwababini usebenzela inkampani ephakathi. Wonke umntu wesithathu usebenza kwiinkampani ezinkulu. Uninzi lusebenza ngamaqela abantu abasi-9. Ngokwahlukileyo, sibuze malunga nemisebenzi ephambili, kwaye uninzi lunxulumene ngandlela thile nomsebenzi, kwaye malunga ne-40% babandakanyeka kuphuhliso:

Ngoko siqokelele ulwazi lokuthelekisa kunye nohlalutyo lwabameli bamashishini ahlukeneyo, iinkampani, amaqela. Umlingane wam u-Vitaly Khabarov uya kuxela malunga nohlalutyo.

Uhlalutyo kunye nothelekiso

Vitaly Khabarov: Sibulela kakhulu kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abagqibe uphando lwethu, bazalise i-questionnaire kwaye basinika idatha yokuhlalutya ngakumbi kunye nokuvavanywa kweengcamango zethu. Kwaye enkosi kubaxumi bethu kunye nabathengi, sinobutyebi bamava athe anceda ekuchongeni iinkxalabo zeshishini kunye nokwenza uqikelelo esiluvavanye kuphando lwethu.

Ngelishwa, awukwazi nje ukuthatha uluhlu lwemibuzo kwelinye icala kunye nedatha kwelinye, ngandlela-thile uthelekise, uthi: "Ewe, yonke into isebenza ngolo hlobo, sasilungile" kwaye sihlakazeke. Hayi, indlela yokusebenza kunye neendlela zobalo ziyafuneka ukuze siqiniseke ukuba asiphazami kwaye izigqibo zethu zithembekile. Emva koko sinokwakha umsebenzi wethu owongezelelweyo ngokusekelwe kwezi datha:

Iimetriki eziphambili

Sithathe indlela ye-DORA njengesiseko, abayichaza ngokucacileyo kwincwadi ethi "Accelerate State of DevOps". Sihlolisise ukuba iimethrikhi eziphambili zifanelekile kwimarike yaseRashiya, nokuba zingasetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo ne-DORA esetyenziselwa ngayo ukuphendula umbuzo: "Ishishini eRashiya lihambelana njani neshishini langaphandle?"

Iimetriki eziphambili:

1. Ukusasazwa rhoqo. Kukangaphi uguqulelo olutsha lwesicelo lubekwe kwindawo yemveliso (utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo, ngaphandle kwezinto ezitshisayo kunye nempendulo yesiganeko)?
2. Ixesha lokuzisa. Liliphi ixesha eliphakathi kokwenza utshintsho (ukubhala umsebenzi njengekhowudi) kunye nokuthumela utshintsho kwindawo yemveliso?
3. Ixesha lokubuyisela. Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani kumndilili ukubuyisela isicelo kwindawo yemveliso emva kwesiganeko, ukuthotywa kwenkonzo, okanye ukufunyanwa kwebug echaphazela abasebenzisi besicelo?
4. Utshintsho olungaphumeleliyo. Yiyiphi ipesenti yokuthunyelwa kwimeko yemveliso ekhokelela ekuthotyweni kwesicelo okanye iziganeko kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa (ukubuyisela umva kweenguqu, ukuphuhliswa kwe-hotfix okanye i-patch)?

I-DORA kuphando lwayo ifumene uxhulumaniso phakathi kwezi metrics kunye nokusebenza kombutho. Siyayivavanya nakwisifundo sethu.

Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuba iimethrikhi ezine eziphambili zinokuphembelela into ethile, kufuneka uqonde - ngaba zinxulumene ngandlela thile? I-DORA iphendule i-affirmative kunye ne-caveat enye: ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezingaphumelelanga (uTshintsho lweNqanaba lokuSilela) kunye nezinye ii-metrics ezintathu buthathaka kancinci. Sifumene umfanekiso ofanayo. Ukuba ixesha lokuhambisa, ixesha lokuhambisa, kunye nexesha lokubuyisela lihambelana nomnye (siye samisela olu lungelelwaniso ngolungelelwaniso lwePearson kunye nesikali se-Chaddock), ke akukho lulungelelwaniso lunamandla kangako kunye notshintsho olungaphumelelanga.

Ngokomgaqo, uninzi lwabaphenduli badla ngokuphendula ukuba banenani elincinci leziganeko kwimveliso. Nangona siza kubona kamva ukuba kusekho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela abaphenduli malunga neenguqu ezingaphumelelanga, asikwazi ukusebenzisa le metric kolu lwahlulo.

Sifaka oku kwinto yokuba (njengoko kwavela ngexesha lokuhlalutya kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye abathengi bethu) kukho umehluko omncinci kwimbono yento ethathwa njengesiganeko. Ukuba sikwazile ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwenkonzo yethu ngexesha lefestile yobugcisa, ngaba oku kungathathwa njengesiganeko? Mhlawumbi akunjalo, kuba silungise yonke into, silungile. Ngaba singayijonga njengesiganeko ukuba bekufuneka siphinde sibhalise isicelo sethu izihlandlo ezili-10 ngendlela eqhelekileyo, eqhelekileyo kuthi? Kubonakala ngathi akunjalo. Ke ngoko, umbuzo wobudlelwane botshintsho olungaphumelelanga kunye nezinye iimethrikhi uhlala uvulekile. Siza kuyicokisa ngakumbi.

Okubalulekileyo apha kukuba sifumene ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo phakathi kwamaxesha okuhanjiswa, amaxesha okubuyisela, kunye nokuhanjiswa rhoqo. Ke ngoko, sithathe ezi metrics zintathu ukwahlula ngakumbi abaphenduli ngokwamaqela okusebenza.

Ubungakanani obunobunzima beegram?

Sisebenzise uhlalutyo lweqela loluhlu:

• Sisasaza abaphenduli phezu kwesithuba n-dimensional, apho ulungelelwaniso lomphenduli ngamnye iimpendulo zabo kwimibuzo.
• Umphenduli ngamnye ubhengezwe njengeqela elincinane.
• Sidibanisa amaqoqo amabini asondeleyo omnye komnye kwiqela elinye elikhulu.
• Sifumana isibini samaqela alandelayo kwaye sidibanise abe liqela elikhulu.

Le yindlela esidibanisa ngayo bonke abaphendulayo kwinani lamaqela esiwadingayo. Ngoncedo lwedendrogram (umthi wokudibanisa phakathi kwamaqela), sibona umgama phakathi kwamaqela amabini angabamelwane. Ekuphela kwento eseleyo kuthi kukubeka umda othile phakathi kwala maqela kwaye sithi: "La maqela mabini ahluke kakhulu omnye komnye kuba umgama phakathi kwawo mkhulu."

Kodwa kukho ingxaki efihliweyo apha: asinazithintelo kwinani lamaqela - sinokufumana i-2, 3, 4, 10 amaqela. Kwaye umbono wokuqala wawu - kutheni ungahluli bonke abaphendulayo babe ngamaqela ama-4, njengoko iDORA isenza. Kodwa siye safumanisa ukuba iyantlukwano phakathi kwala maqela iba yinto encinci, kwaye asinakuqiniseka ukuba ummangalelwa ngokwenene ungoweqela lakhe, kungekhona elommelwane. Asikwazi ukwahlula imarike yaseRashiya ngokwamaqela amane. Ke ngoko, siye sazinza kwiiprofayili ezintathu phakathi apho kukho umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo:

Emva koko, sinqume iprofayili ngamaqela: sithathe i-median ye-metric nganye kwiqela ngalinye kwaye siqulunqa itafile yeeprofayili zokusebenza. Enyanisweni, sifumene iiprofayili zokusebenza zomndilili othatha inxaxheba kwiqela ngalinye. Sichonge iiprofayili ezintathu ezisebenzayo: Phantsi, Phakathi, Phezulu:

Apha siqinisekisile i-hypothesis yethu yokuba ii-metrics eziphambili ze-4 zifanelekile ukumisela iphrofayili yokusebenza, kwaye zisebenza zombini kwiimarike zaseNtshona naseRashiya. Kukho umahluko phakathi kwamaqela kwaye ubalulekile ngokwezibalo. Ndiyagxininisa ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweeprofayili zentsebenzo ngokumalunga ne-metric yeenguqu ezingaphumelelanga ngokomndilili, nangona singazange siqale sahlule abaphenduli ngale parameter.

Emva koko umbuzo uvela: indlela yokusebenzisa konke oku?

Uyisebenzisa njani

Ukuba sithatha naliphi na iqela, iimethrikhi ezi-4 eziphambili kwaye sisebenzise etafileni, ngoko kwi-85% yamatyala asiyi kufumana umdlalo opheleleyo - lo ngumthathi-nxaxheba oqhelekileyo, kwaye kungekhona ngokwenene. Sonke (kunye neqela ngalinye) sahluke kancinane.

Sihlolisise: sithathe abaphenduli bethu kunye neprofayili yokusebenza kwe-DORA, kwaye sijonge ukuba bangaphi abaphendulayo abafanelana nale nto okanye iprofayili. Sifumene ukuba kuphela i-16% yabaphenduli ngokuqinisekileyo bawela kwenye yeeprofayili. Zonke ezinye zithe saa kwenye indawo phakathi:

Oku kuthetha ukuba iprofayili esebenzayo inomda olinganiselweyo. Ukuqonda ukuba uphi na kuqikelelo lokuqala, ungasebenzisa le theyibhile: "Owu, kubonakala ngathi sisondele kuPhakathi okanye Phezulu!" Ukuba uyayiqonda indawo omawuye kuyo ngokulandelayo, oku kunokwanela. Kodwa ukuba injongo yakho ihlala ihlala njalo, iphucula ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ufuna ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo apho uphuhlisa kwaye wenze ntoni, imali eyongezelelweyo iyafuneka. Sazibiza ngokuba zikhaltyhuleyitha:

• DORA wokubala
• Isibali-kubala Express 42* (kuphuhliso)
• Uphuhliso lwakho (ungazenzela eyakho i-calculator yangaphakathi).

Zifuneka entwenini? Ukuqonda:

• Ngaba iqela elingaphakathi kumbutho wethu lifikelele kwimigangatho yethu?
• Ukuba akunjalo, ngaba singayinceda, siyikhawulezise ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sobuchule inkampani yethu enayo?
• Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba sinokwenza ngcono nangakumbi?

Unokuzisebenzisa kwakhona ukuqokelela izibalo ngaphakathi kwenkampani:

• Ngawaphi amaqela esinawo?
• Yahlula amaqela kwiiprofayili;
• Bona: Owu, le miyalelo ayisebenzi kakuhle (ayikhuphi kancinci), kodwa ezi zipholile: zihambisa yonke imihla, ngaphandle kweempazamo, zinexesha lokukhokela elingaphantsi kweyure.

Kwaye ke unokufumanisa ukuba ngaphakathi kwinkampani yethu kukho ubuchule obuyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo zala maqela angekafiki kwinqanaba.

Okanye, ukuba uyaqonda ukuba uziva umkhulu ngaphakathi kwinkampani, ungcono kunabaninzi, ngoko unokujonga ngokubanzi. Eli lishishini laseRashiya kuphela: ngaba singakwazi ukufumana ubuchule obufunekayo kwishishini laseRashiya ukuze sikhawuleze? I-Express 42 calculator iya kunceda apha (iphantsi kophuhliso). Ukuba uphumelele kwimarike yaseRashiya, jonga DORA wokubala nakwimarike yehlabathi.

Kulungile. Kwaye ukuba ukwiqela le-Elit kwi-DORA yokubala, kufuneka wenze ntoni? Akukho sisombululo silungileyo apha. Unokwenzeka ukuba uphambili kwishishini, kwaye ukukhawulezisa ngakumbi kunye nokuthembeka kunokwenzeka nge-R&D yangaphakathi kunye nokuchitha izixhobo ezininzi.

Masiqhubele phambili kweyona nto imnandi - uthelekiso.

The lekiswa

Ekuqaleni sasifuna ukuthelekisa ishishini laseRashiya kunye noshishino lwaseNtshona. Ukuba sithelekisa ngokuthe ngqo, siyabona ukuba sineeprofayili ezimbalwa, kwaye zixubene kancinci enye kwenye, imida imnyama kancinci:

Abadlali bethu be-Elite bafihliwe phakathi kwabadlali abaPhakamileyo, kodwa bakhona - aba ngabaphezulu, iiunicorns ezifikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. ERashiya, umahluko phakathi kweprofayili ye-Elite kunye neProfayili ePhakamileyo ayikabikho ngokwaneleyo. Sicinga ukuba kwixesha elizayo oku kwahlula kuya kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwenkcubeko yobunjineli, umgangatho wokuphunyezwa kwezenzo zobunjineli kunye nobuchule kwiinkampani.

Ukuba siqhubela phambili ekuthelekiseni ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwishishini laseRashiya, sinokubona ukuba amaqela aPhakamileyo angcono kuzo zonke iinkalo. Sikwayiqinisekisile ingqikelelo yethu yokuba kukho unxulumano phakathi kwezi metrics kunye nokusebenza kombutho: Amaqela eprofayili ephezulu kunokwenzeka ukuba angaphumeleli nje kuphela iinjongo, kodwa aphinde azidlule.
Masibe ngamaqela eprofayile ePhezulu kwaye singayeki apho:

Kodwa lo nyaka ukhethekile, kwaye sigqibe kwelokuba sijonge ukuba ziqhuba njani na iinkampani kubhubhane: Amaqela eprofayili ephezulu enza ngcono kwaye aziva ngcono kunomndilili weshishini:

• Amaxesha angama-1,5-2 ngaphezulu kokukhupha iimveliso ezintsha,
• Amaxesha ama-2 anokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye / okanye ukusebenza kweziseko zoncedo.

Oko kukuthi, ubuchule esele bebancedile ukuba baphuhlise ngokukhawuleza, baqalise iimveliso ezintsha, balungise iimveliso ezikhoyo, ngaloo ndlela boyise iimarike ezintsha kunye nabasebenzisi abatsha:

Yintoni enye encede amaqela ethu?

Iindlela zobunjineli

Ndiza kukuxelela ngeziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwisenzo ngasinye esivavanyiweyo. Mhlawumbi enye into encede amaqela, kodwa sithetha nge-DevOps. Kwaye ngaphakathi kwe-DevOps, sibona umahluko phakathi kwamaqela eeprofayili ezahlukeneyo.

Iqonga njengeNkonzo

Asizange sifumane ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo phakathi kweminyaka yobudala kunye neprofayili yeqela: Iiplatifomu zivele malunga nexesha elifanayo kumaqela aphantsi kunye namaqela aphezulu. Kodwa kokugqibela, iqonga libonelela, ngokomndilili, iinkonzo ezininzi kunye nokunxibelelana kwenkqubo yokulawula ngekhowudi yenkqubo. Kwaye amaqela eqonga anokuthi ancede abaphuhlisi kunye namaqela abo asebenzise iqonga, asombulule iingxaki zabo kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene neqonga rhoqo, kwaye afundise amanye amaqela.

Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi

Yonke into isemgangathweni apha. Sifumene ubudlelwane phakathi kokuzenzekelayo umsebenzi wekhowudi yeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokuba ulwazi olungakanani olugcinwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina iziseko. Imiyalelo yeprofayile ePhezulu igcina ulwazi oluninzi kwiindawo zokugcina: olu luqwalaselo lweziseko ezingundoqo, umbhobho weCI / weCD, useto lwemekobume kunye nolwakhiwo lweeparamitha. Bagcina olu lwazi rhoqo, basebenze ngcono ngekhowudi yeziseko zophuhliso, kwaye bazenze ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo ezininzi kunye nemisebenzi yokusebenza kunye nekhowudi yeziseko.

Okubangela umdla kukuba, asibonanga mahluko ubalulekileyo kuvavanyo lweziseko zophuhliso. Ndibalula oku kwinto yokuba amaqela eProfayili ePhakamileyo anomatshini wokuvavanya ngokubanzi. Mhlawumbi akufuneki baphazanyiswe ngokwahlukileyo ngovavanyo lweziseko zophuhliso, kodwa kunoko olo vavanyo bajonga ngalo izicelo, kwaye ngenxa yabo sele bebona ukuba baphule ntoni kwaye baphule phi na.

Ukudibanisa kunye nokuhanjiswa

Elona candelo likruqulayo, kuba siqinisekisile ukuba okukhona une-automation, kokukhona usebenza ngekhowudi, kokukhona uya kufumana iziphumo ezingcono.

izakhiwo

Besifuna ukubona ukuba ii-microservices zichaphazela njani ukusebenza. Enyanisweni, abakwenzi, ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kwee-microservices akuhambelani nokunyuka kwezikhombisi zokusebenza. Iinkonzo ezincinci zisetyenziselwa yomibini imiyalelo yeprofayile ePhezulu kunye nemiyalelo yeprofayile ephantsi.

Kodwa okubalulekileyo kukuba kumaqela aPhezulu, ukutshintshela kwi-microservice architecture ibavumela ukuba baphuhlise ngokuzimeleyo iinkonzo zabo kwaye baphume. Ukuba i-architecture ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kokulinda umntu ongaphandle kwiqela, ke oku kubuchule obuphambili bokunyusa isantya. Kule meko, i-microservices inceda. Kwaye nje ukuphunyezwa kwazo akudlala indima enkulu.

Sayifumanisa njani yonke le nto?

Sasinesicwangciso esinebhongo sokuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo indlela ye-DORA, kodwa sasingenazo izixhobo. Ukuba i-DORA isebenzisa inkxaso eninzi kwaye uphando lwabo luthatha isiqingatha sonyaka, senze uphando lwethu ngexesha elifutshane. Sasifuna ukwakha imodeli ye-DevOps njenge-DORA, kwaye siya kuyenza loo nto kwixesha elizayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sizithintele kwiimephu zobushushu:

Sijonge ukusasazwa koqheliselo lobunjineli kumaqela kwiprofayili nganye saza safumanisa ukuba amaqela akwiProfayili ePhakamileyo, ngokomndilili, kunokwenzeka ukuba asebenzise iindlela zobunjineli. Unokufunda ngakumbi ngayo yonke le nto kwinqaku lethu ingxelo.

Ngotshintsho, masitshintshe kwizibalo ezintsonkothileyo siye kwezo zilula.

Yintoni enye esiyifumeneyo?

Zixhobo

Siqaphela ukuba uninzi lwemiyalelo lusetyenziswa yi-OS yosapho lweLinux. Kodwa iWindows isahamba phambili - ubuncinci ikota yabaphenduli bethu baqaphele ukusetyenziswa kwenye okanye enye yeenguqulelo zayo. Kubonakala ngathi imarike inale mfuno. Ke ngoko, unokuphuhlisa obu buchule kwaye wenze iinkcazo-ntetho kwiinkomfa.

Phakathi kwee-orchestrators, akusiyo imfihlo nakubani na, uKubernetes ukhokele (52%). Olandelayo kumgca weokhestra yiDocker Swarm (malunga ne-12%). Ezona nkqubo zidumileyo zeCI yiJenkins kunye neGitLab. Eyona nkqubo idumileyo yolawulo loqwalaselo yi-Ansible, ilandelwa nguShell wethu esimthandayo.

I-Amazon okwangoku ingumboneleli okhokelayo wokubamba ifu. Isabelo samafu aseRashiya sikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Kunyaka ozayo kuya kuba mnandi ukubona indlela ababoneleli befu baseRashiya baya kuziva ngayo, nokuba isabelo sabo semarike siya kwanda. Zizo, zinokusetyenziswa, kwaye kulungile:

Ndidlula umgangatho ku-Igor, oya kunika ezinye izibalo.

Ukusasazwa kweenkqubo

U-Igor Kurochkin: Ngokwahlukileyo, sibuze abaphenduli ukuba babonise indlela iindlela eziqwalaselwayo zobunjineli zihanjiswa ngayo kwinkampani. Kwiinkampani ezininzi, kukho iindlela ezixubeneyo, ezibandakanya iipatheni ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iiprojekthi zolingo zithandwa kakhulu. Siphinde sabona umahluko omncinane phakathi kweeprofayili. Abameli beProfayili ePhakamileyo bahlala besebenzisa ipateni ethi "Inyathelo elisuka ngezantsi", xa amaqela amancinci eengcali etshintsha iinkqubo zomsebenzi, izixhobo, kunye nokwabelana ngeendlela eziyimpumelelo namanye amaqela. KwiMedium, eli linyathelo lokuya phezulu elichaphazela inkampani yonke ngokudala uluntu kunye namaziko okugqwesa:

I-Agile kunye ne-DevOps

Umbuzo woxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-Agile kunye ne-DevOps ihlala ixutyushwa kwishishini. Lo mbandela uphinde uphakanyiswe kwiNgxelo ye-Agile ye-Agile ye-2019/2020, ngoko ke sagqiba ukuthelekisa indlela imisebenzi ye-Agile kunye ne-DevOps exhunywe ngayo kwiinkampani. Sifumene ukuba i-DevOps ngaphandle kwe-Agile inqabile. Kwisiqingatha sabaphenduli, ukusasazeka kwe-Agile kwaqala ngaphambili, kwaye malunga ne-20% yabona ukuqala kwangaxeshanye, kwaye enye yeempawu zeProfayili ephantsi iya kuba kukungabikho kwe-Agile kunye ne-DevOps practice:

Umyalelo topology

Ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, le ncwadi "Iingcebiso zeqela”, ephakamisa isakhelo sokuchaza imiyalelo yomyalelo. Kwaba nomdla kuthi ukuba iyasebenza kwiinkampani zaseRashiya. Kwaye sibuze umbuzo: "Ufumana ziphi iipateni?".

Amaqela eziseko zophuhliso abonwa kwisiqingatha sabaphenduli, kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo ophuhliso, uvavanyo kunye nokusebenza. Amaqela e-DevOps ahlukeneyo aqaphele i-45%, phakathi kwabo abameli be-High baxhaphake kakhulu. Okulandelayo kuza amaqela ahlukeneyo, nawo axhaphake kakhulu e-High. Ukwahlula imiyalelo ye-SRE ivela kuPhezulu, kwiiprofayile eziPhakathi kwaye azifane zibonwe kwiprofayile ePhantsi:

Umlinganiselo weDevQaOps

Sibone lo mbuzo kwi-FaceBook evela kwinkokeli yeqela leqela leqonga le-Skyeng - wayenomdla kumlinganiselo wabaphuhlisi, abahloli kunye nabalawuli kwiinkampani. Siyibuzile kwaye sajonga iimpendulo ezisekwe kwiiprofayile: Abameli beprofayile ephezulu banovavanyo olumbalwa kunye neenjineli zokusebenza zomphuhlisi ngamnye:

Izicwangciso zika-2021

Kwizicwangciso zonyaka olandelayo, abaphenduli baqaphele le misebenzi ilandelayo:

Apha ungabona ukudibana kunye nenkomfa ye-DevOps Live 2020. Siyihlolisise ngononophelo inkqubo:

• Iziseko zophuhliso njengemveliso
• Inguqu ye-DevOps
• Ukuhanjiswa kweendlela ze-DevOps
• I-DevSecOps
• Iiklabhu zamatyala kunye neengxoxo

Kodwa ixesha lenkcazo-ntetho alanelanga ukugubungela zonke izihloko. Ekhohlo emva kwemiboniso:

• Iqonga njengenkonzo kwaye njengemveliso;
• Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi, okusingqongileyo kunye namafu;
• ukuHlanganisa okuQhubekayo kunye noNikezo;
• Uyilo lwezakhiwo;
• iipateni zeDevSecOps;
• Iqonga kunye namaqela asebenza ngokudibeneyo.

Ingxelo sinayo i-voluminous, amaphepha angama-50, kwaye unokuyibona ngokweenkcukacha.

Ukuqulunqa

Siyathemba ukuba uphando lwethu kunye nengxelo ziya kukukhuthaza ukuba uzame iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso, uvavanyo, kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukunceda ukuba uhambe, uzithelekise nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kolu phando, kwaye uchonge iindawo apho unokuphucula khona iindlela zakho.

Iziphumo zophononongo lokuqala lwemeko ye-DevOps eRashiya:

• Iimetriki eziphambili. Sifumene ukuba iimethrikhi eziphambili (ixesha lokuhambisa, ukuphindaphinda kokuthunyelwa, ixesha lokubuyisela, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokutshintsha) zifanelekile ukuhlalutya ukuphumelela kophuhliso, uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.
• Iiprofayili eziphezulu, eziPhakathi, eziPhantsi. Ngokusekelwe kwidatha eqokelelweyo, siyakwazi ukwahlula amaqela ahlukeneyo ngokwezibalo eziPhezulu, eziPhakathi, eziPhantsi ezineempawu ezahlukileyo ngokweemethrikhi, izenzo, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo. Abameli beProfayili ePhakamileyo babonisa iziphumo ezingcono kuneziPhantsi. Kunokwenzeka ukuba bafikelele kwaye bagqithise iinjongo zabo.
• Izalathisi, ubhubhane kunye nezicwangciso zika-2021. Isalathisi esikhethekileyo kulo nyaka yindlela iinkampani ezihlangabezana ngayo nobhubhane. Abameli abaPhakamileyo baqhuba ngcono, banamava okwandiswa kokubandakanyeka kwabasebenzisi, kwaye izizathu eziphambili zempumelelo yayiziinkqubo zophuhliso olusebenzayo kunye nenkcubeko yobunjineli eyomeleleyo.
• Iinkqubo ze-DevOps, izixhobo kunye nophuhliso lwabo. Izicwangciso eziphambili zeenkampani zonyaka ozayo ziquka ukuphuhliswa kwezenzo ze-DevOps kunye nezixhobo, ukuqaliswa kwezenzo ze-DevSecOps, kunye notshintsho kwisakhiwo sombutho. Kwaye ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lwezenzo ze-DevOps lwenziwa ngoncedo lweeprojekthi zokulinga, ukubunjwa koluntu kunye namaziko okugqwesa, amanyathelo kumanqanaba aphezulu naphantsi enkampani.

Singathanda ukuva ingxelo yakho, amabali, impendulo. Sibulela wonke umntu othathe inxaxheba kolu phando kwaye sijonge phambili kwinxaxheba yakho kulo nyaka uzayo.

umthombo: www.habr.com