Lo ngowokuqala kuluhlu lwezithuba malunga notshintsho, ukuphuculwa, kunye nokongezwa kwi-Red Hat ye-OpenShift ye-platform ye-4.0 ezayo yohlaziyo eya kukunceda ulungiselele ukutshintshela kwinguqu entsha.
Ukusukela oko abantu baseKubernetes abasakhulayo bahlanganisana okokuqala kwiofisi kaGoogle eSeattle ekwindla ka-2014, kwacaca ukuba iprojekthi yeKubernetes yayimiselwe ukuguqula indlela isoftware ephuhliswa ngayo kwaye isetyenziswe namhlanje. Kwangaxeshanye, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zelifu likawonke-wonke baqhubeka betyala imali ekuphuhliseni iziseko zophuhliso kunye neenkonzo, ezenza ukusebenza kunye ne-IT kunye nokudala isoftware kube lula kwaye kufikeleleke ngakumbi, kwaye kwabenza bafikeleleka ngendlela engakholelekiyo, nto leyo abambalwa ababenokuyicinga ekuqaleni ishumi leminyaka.
Ewe, ukubhengezwa kwenkonzo nganye entsha yelifu kwakukhatshwa ziingxoxo ezininzi phakathi kweengcali kwi-Twitter, kwaye iingxoxo zenziwa ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo - kubandakanya ukuphela kwexesha lomthombo ovulekileyo, ukwehla kwe-IT kwizakhiwo, kunye nokungathinteki. yesoftware entsha yedwa ekwilifu, kunye nendlela entsha iparadigm X eza kuthatha indawo yazo zonke ezinye iiparadigms.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, zonke ezi ngxabano zazibubudenge kakhulu
Inyaniso kukuba akukho nto iya kuhamba, kwaye namhlanje sinokubona ukukhula okubonakalayo kwimveliso yokugqibela kunye nendlela yokuphuhliswa kwayo, ngenxa yokuvela rhoqo kwesofthiwe entsha ebomini bethu. Kwaye nangona yonke into ejikelezileyo iya kutshintsha, ngexesha elifanayo, ngokwenene, yonke into iya kuhlala ingatshintshi. Abaphuhlisi beSoftware basaza kubhala ikhowudi eneempazamo, iinjineli zokusebenza kunye neengcali ezithembekileyo ziseza kuhamba-hamba ngeepagers kwaye bafumane izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo kwi-Slack, abaphathi basaza kusebenza ngokwe-OpEx kunye neCapEx, kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha ukusilela kusenzeka, umphuhlisi ophezulu uya kuthi. ncwina kabuhlungu ngala mazwi: "Ndikuxelele"...
O nyhani kufuneka kuxoxwe ngayo, zeziphi izixhobo esinokuba nazo ukwenza iimveliso zesoftware ezingcono, kunye nendlela abanokuphucula ngayo ukhuseleko kunye nokwenza uphuhliso lube lula kwaye luthembeke ngakumbi. Njengoko iiprojekthi zisiba nzima ngakumbi, kuvela imingcipheko emitsha, kwaye namhlanje ubomi babantu buxhomekeke kakhulu kwisoftware kangangokuba abaphuhlisi kufuneka bazame ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngcono.
I-Kubernetes sesinye isixhobo esinjalo. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukudibanisa i-Red Hat OpenShift kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye neenkonzo kwiqonga elinye eliya kwenza isoftware ithembeke ngakumbi, kulula ukuyilawula, kwaye ikhuselekile kubasebenzisi.
Ngaloo nto ithethwayo, iqela le-OpenShift libuza umbuzo omnye olula:
Unokwenza njani ukusebenza noKubernetes kube lula kwaye kube lula ngakumbi?
Impendulo icacile ngokumangalisayo:
- ngokuzenzekelayo imiba enzima yokuhanjiswa kwilifu okanye ngaphandle kwelifu;
- gxila ekuthembekeni ngelixa ufihla ubunzima;
- ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukukhulula uhlaziyo olulula nolukhuselekileyo;
- ukufikelela kulawulo nokuphicothwa;
- zama ukuqinisekisa ekuqaleni ukhuseleko oluphezulu, kodwa kungekhona ngeendleko zokusebenziseka.
Ukukhutshwa okulandelayo kwe-OpenShift kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo zombini amava abadali kunye namava abanye abaphuhlisi abasebenzisa isoftware kwizinga elikhulu kwiinkampani ezinkulu kwihlabathi. Ukongeza, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo onke amava aqokelelweyo e-ecosystem evulekileyo ephantsi kwehlabathi lanamhlanje. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukuba ulahle ingqondo yakudala yomphuhlisi we-amateur kwaye uye kwifilosofi entsha yekamva elizenzekelayo. Kufuneka ivale umsantsa phakathi kweendlela ezindala kunye ezintsha zokusebenzisa isoftware, kwaye ithathe ithuba elipheleleyo lazo zonke iziseko eziluncedo ezikhoyo-nokuba isingathwa ngoyena mnikezeli wamafu mkhulu okanye isebenza kwiinkqubo ezincinci emphethweni.
Indlela yokufezekisa esi siphumo?
Kwi-Red Hat, kungokwesiko ukwenza umsebenzi odinisayo kunye nokungabuleli ixesha elide ukuze kugcinwe uluntu oluzinzileyo kunye nokuthintela ukuvalwa kweeprojekthi apho inkampani ibandakanyekayo. Uluntu olunomthombo ovulekileyo luqulethe inani elikhulu labaphuhlisi abanetalente abenza ezona zinto zimangalisayo-ukonwabisa, ukufundisa, ukuvula amathuba amatsha kunye nokuhle, kodwa, ewe, akukho mntu ulindele ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bahambe kwicala elinye okanye balandele izinto ezifanayo. usukelo. Ukusebenzisa la mandla kunye nokuwathumela kwicala elifanelekileyo ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa iindawo ezinokuthi zibe luncedo kubasebenzisi bethu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kufuneka sibeke iliso kuphuhliso loluntu lwethu kwaye sifunde kubo.
Ekuqaleni kwe-2018, i-Red Hat yafumana iprojekthi ye-CoreOS, eyayineembono ezifanayo kwixesha elizayo - likhuselekile ngakumbi kwaye linokwethenjelwa, elidalwe kwimigaqo yomthombo ovulekileyo. Inkampani isebenzele ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi ezi ngcinga kwaye iziphumeze, ibeka ifilosofi yethu ekusebenzeni-izama ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke isoftware isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Wonke lo msebenzi wakhiwe kwi-Kubernetes, Linux, amafu oluntu, amafu abucala, kunye namawakawaka ezinye iiprojekthi ezixhasa inkqubo yethu yedijithali yangoku.
Ukukhutshwa okutsha kwe-OpenShift 4 kuya kucaca, kuzenzekelayo kwaye kungokwemvelo ngakumbi
Iqonga le-OpenShift liza kusebenza ngezona nkqubo zisebenzayo nezithembekileyo zeLinux, ezinenkxaso yentsimbi engenanto, i-virtualization efanelekileyo, ucwangciso oluzenzekelayo lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye, ewe, izikhongozeli (eziyimifanekiso nje yeLinux).
Iqonga kufuneka likhuseleke kwasekuqaleni, kodwa livumele abaphuhlisi ukuba babhale ngokulula-oko kukuthi, babhetyebhetye kwaye bakhuseleke ngokwaneleyo ngelixa bevumela abalawuli ukuba bayiphicothe kwaye bayilawule ngokulula.
Kufuneka ivumele isoftware ukuba iqhutywe βnjengenkonzoβ kwaye ingakhokeleli ekukhuleni kweziseko ezingundoqo ezingalawulekiyo kubasebenzi.
Kuya kuvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bagxile ekudaleni iimveliso zangempela kubasebenzisi kunye nabathengi. Akuyi kufuneka uhambe kwihlathi le-hardware kunye noseto lwesoftware, kwaye zonke iingxaki ngengozi ziya kuba yinto yexesha elidlulileyo.
I-OpenShift 4: Iqonga le-NoOps elingadingi kugcinwa
Π ichaze loo misebenzi eyanceda ukubumba umbono wenkampani ye-OpenShift 4. Injongo yeqela kukwenza lula imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwesoftware kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukwenza ezi nkqubo zibe lula kwaye zikhululeke - zombini kwiingcali ezibandakanyekayo ekuphunyezweni nasekuphuhliseni. Kodwa unokusondela njani kolu sukelo? Ulenza njani iqonga lokusebenzisa isoftware efuna ungenelelo oluncinci? Zithetha ntoni iiNoOps kulo mongo?
Ukuba uzama ukukhupha, ngoko kubaphuhlisi iikhonsepthi ze "serverless" okanye "NoOps" zithetha izixhobo kunye neenkonzo ezikuvumela ukuba ufihle icandelo "lokusebenza" okanye unciphise lo mthwalo kumphuhlisi.
- Ungasebenzi ngeenkqubo, kodwa kunye ne-application interfaces (APIs).
- Ungazikhathazi ngokuphumeza isoftware - vumela umboneleli akwenzele yona.
- Akufanele ugxume ekudaleni isakhelo esikhulu kwangoko - qalisa ngokubhala amaqhekeza amancinci aza kusebenza "njengeebhloko zokwakha", zama ukwenza le khowudi isebenze ngedatha kunye neziganeko, kwaye hayi ngeediski kunye nedatha.
Injongo, njengangaphambili, kukukhawulezisa ukuphindaphinda kuphuhliso lwesoftware, ukunika ithuba lokudala iimveliso ezingcono, kwaye ukuze umthuthukisi angabi naxhala malunga neenkqubo apho isoftware yakhe isebenza khona. Umphuhlisi onamava uyazi kakuhle ukuba ukugxila kubasebenzisi kunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza umfanekiso, ngoko akufuneki ubeke umgudu omkhulu wokubhala isoftware ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekile ukuba iyafuneka.
Kulondolozo kunye neengcali zokusebenza, igama elithi "NoOps" linokuvakala ngathi liloyikeka kancinci. Kodwa xa unxibelelana neenjineli zentsimi, kuyacaca ukuba iipateni kunye nobuchule ababusebenzisayo bujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka (iSite Reliability Engineering, SRE) inokufana okuninzi kunye neepatheni ezichazwe ngasentla:
- Musa ukulawula iinkqubo - zizenzele iinkqubo zazo zolawulo.
- Musa ukusebenzisa isoftware - yenza umbhobho wokuyisebenzisa.
- Gwema ukudibanisa zonke iinkonzo zakho kunye nokuvumela ukungaphumeleli kwesinye kubangela ukuba inkqubo yonke ingaphumeleli-ukusasaza kuzo zonke iziseko zakho usebenzisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo, kwaye udibanise ngeendlela ezinokujongwa kwaye zibekwe esweni.
Ii-SRE ziyazi ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwaye kuya kufuneka zilandelele kwaye zilungise ingxaki-ngoko zizenzele umsebenzi wesiqhelo kwaye zibeke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweempazamo kwangaphambili ukuze zilungele ukubeka phambili nokwenza izigqibo xa kuvela ingxaki.
I-Kubernetes kwi-OpenShift liqonga elenzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili: endaweni yokukunyanzela ukuba uqonde oomatshini bokwenene okanye i-APIs yokulinganisa i-balancer, isebenza kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-oda ephezulu - iinkqubo zokusasaza kunye neenkonzo. Esikhundleni sokufakela ii-agent zesoftware, unokuqhuba izikhongozeli, kwaye endaweni yokubhala esakho isitaki sokubeka iliso, sebenzisa izixhobo esele zikhona eqongeni. Ke, i-sauce eyimfihlo ye-OpenShift 4 ayiyomfihlo ngokwenene - ngumcimbi nje wokuthatha imigaqo ye-SRE kunye neekhonsepthi ezingenamsebenzi kwaye uzise kwisigqibo sabo esinengqiqo ukunceda abaphuhlisi kunye neenjineli zokusebenza:
- Zizenzele kwaye zilungelelanise izibonelelo ezisetyenziswa zizicelo
- Xhumanisa iinkqubo zokusasazwa kunye nophuhliso kunye ngaphandle kokukhawulela abaphuhlisi ngokwabo
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusungulwa, ukuphicothwa, kunye nokukhusela inkonzo ye-XNUMX, inqaku, usetyenziso, okanye isitakhi esipheleleyo akukho nzima kunokuqala.
Kodwa yintoni umahluko phakathi kweqonga le-OpenShift 4 kunye nabandulelayo kunye nendlela "eqhelekileyo" yokusombulula iingxaki ezinjalo? Yintoni eqhuba isikali sokuphunyezwa kunye namaqela okusebenza? Ngenxa yokuba ukumkani kule meko liqela. Ngoko,
- Siyaqinisekisa ukuba injongo yamaqela icacile (Lifu elithandekayo, ndilichole eli qela kuba ndikwazi)
- Oomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zikhona ukunceda iqela (uBunene bakho)
- Lawula ubume benginginya kwiqela, unciphise ukwakha kwakhona (drift).
- Kwinto nganye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo, i-nanny (i-mechanism) iyafuneka eya kubeka iliso kwaye isuse iingxaki
- Ukungaphumeleli *konke* umba okanye into yesixokelelwano kunye neendlela zokubuyisela ezinxulumeneyo yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yobomi
- Isiseko sonke kufuneka siqwalaselwe nge-API.
- Sebenzisa iKubernetes ukuqhuba iKubernetes. (Ewe, ewe, ayisiyo typo leyo)
- Uhlaziyo kufuneka lube lula kwaye lungabinangxaki ukulufaka. Ukuba kuthatha ngaphezulu kokucofa ukufakela uhlaziyo, kuyacaca ukuba kukho into engalunganga esiyenzayo.
- Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo naliphi na icandelo akufuneki libe yingxaki, kwaye ke ngoko ukulandela umkhondo kunye nokunika ingxelo kuwo wonke amaseko akhoyo kufuneka kube lula kwaye kube lula.
Ngaba uyafuna ukubona izakhono zeqonga zisebenza?
Uguqulelo lokujonga kwangaphambili lwe-OpenShift 4 sele lukhona kubaphuhlisi. Nge-installer ekulula ukuyisebenzisa, unokuqhuba iqela kwi-AWS phezulu kwe-Red Had CoreOS. Ukusebenzisa i-preview, udinga kuphela i-akhawunti ye-AWS ukubonelela ngeziseko zophuhliso kunye neseti yee-akhawunti ukufikelela kwimifanekiso ye-preview.
- Ukuqalisa, yiya ku kwaye ucofe "Qalisa".
- Ngena kwi-akhawunti yakho ye-Red Hat (okanye wenze entsha) kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ukuseta iqela lakho lokuqala.
Emva kokufakela ngempumelelo, jonga izifundo zethu ukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kweenkqubo kunye neengcamango ezenza i-OpenShift 4 iqonga libe yindlela elula nefanelekileyo yokuqhuba i-Kubernetes.
Zama ukukhutshwa kwe-OpenShift entsha kwaye wabelane ngoluvo lwakho. Sizimisele ukwenza ukusebenza noKumbernetes kufikeleleke kwaye kube nzima kangangoko sinakoβikamva leNoOps liqala namhlanje.
Ngoku ingqalelo!
Kwinkomfa Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Epreli, omnye wabaphuhlisi be-OpenShift, uVadim Rutkovsky, uya kubamba iklasi yenkosi - uya kuphula amaqoqo alishumi kwaye anyanzelise ukuba alungise. Inkomfa ihlawulwe, kodwa ngekhowudi yokukhangisa #RedHat ufumana isaphulelo se-37%.
Iklasi ye-Master ngo-17:15 - 18:15, kwaye indawo yokumisa ivuliwe imini yonke. I-T-shirts, iminqwazi, izitikha - eziqhelekileyo!
Iholo #2
βApha yonke inkqubo kufuneka itshintshwe: silungisa ii-k8s ezaphukileyo kunye noomatshini abaqinisekisiweyo.β
umthombo: www.habr.com