🥇Ukwenza umfanekiso we-Ubuntu we-ARM “ukususela ekuqaleni”

Xa uphuhliso luqala nje, akusoloko kucaca ukuba zeziphi iipakethe eziya kwiingcambu ekujoliswe kuzo.

Ngamanye amazwi, kuselithuba ukuba ubambe i-LFS, i-buildroot okanye i-yocto (okanye enye into), kodwa sele kufuneka uqale. Kwizityebi (ndine-4GB eMMC kwiisampuli zokulinga) kukho indlela yokuphuma ukusabalalisa kubaphuhlisi ukusabalalisa okuya kubavumela ukuba bakhuphe ngokukhawuleza into engekhoyo ngoku, kwaye ke sinokuhlala siqokelela uluhlu lweepakethe kwaye senze uluhlu iingcambu ekujoliswe kuzo.

Eli nqaku alikho litsha kwaye lingumyalelo olula wokukhuphela-coca.

Injongo yenqaku kukwakha i-Ubuntu rootfs kwiibhodi ze-ARM (kwimeko yam, ngokusekelwe kwi-Colibri imx7d).

Ukwakha umfanekiso

Sihlanganisa iirootfs ekujoliswe kuzo ukuze siphindaphindeke.

Ukukhulula i-Ubuntu Base

Sikhetha ukukhululwa ngokwethu ngokusekelwe kwimfuno kunye nezinto esizithandayo. Apha ndinike i20.

$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs

Ukujonga inkxaso ye-BINFMT kwi-kernel

Ukuba unosasazo oluqhelekileyo, ngoko kukho inkxaso ye-BINFMT_MISC kwaye yonke into iqwalaselwe, ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ndiqinisekile ukuba uyayazi indlela yokwenza inkxaso ye-BINFMT kwi-kernel.

Qinisekisa ukuba i-BINFMT_MISC yenziwe yasebenza kwi-kernel:

$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y

Ngoku kufuneka ujonge iisetingi:

$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm  register  status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff

Ungabhalisa ngesandla usebenzisa, umzekelo, nantsi le miyalelo.

Ukumisela ingalo emileyo yeqemu

Ngoku sifuna umzekelo weqemu odityanisiweyo.

!!! QAPHELA!!!
Ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa isikhongozeli ukwakha into, khangela:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23960
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1805913
Emva koko kwi-x86_64 umamkeli kunye nondwendwe lwengalo kufuneka usebenzise i-i386 inguqulelo yeqemu:
http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_i386.deb

$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
# путь в rootfs и имя исполняемого файла должно совпадать с /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

chroot

Umbhalo olula:

ch-mount.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
    sudo mount --rbind /sys sys
    sudo mount --make-rslave sys
    sudo mount --rbind /dev dev
    sudo mount --make-rslave dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
    sudo chroot 
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount proc
    sudo umount sys
    sudo umount dev/pts
    sudo umount dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : 
    echo 2nd parameter : 
fi

Siyazithanda iziphumo:

$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

Ukonwabisa nje, masilinganise ubungakanani ngaphambi nasemva kokufaka ubuncinci (kum) iseti yeepakethe:

# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M     /

Masihlaziye:

# apt update
# apt upgrade --yes

Masifakele iipakethe esinomdla kuzo:

# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiod

Iifayile zentloko yeKernel kunye neemodyuli zingumcimbi owahlukileyo. Ewe kunjalo, asiyi kufaka i-bootloader, i-kernel, iimodyuli, umthi wesixhobo nge-Ubuntu. Baza kuza kuthi bevela ngaphandle okanye siya kubahlanganisa ngokwethu okanye baya kusinika umenzi webhodi, nangayiphi na imeko oku kungaphaya kobubanzi balo myalelo.

Kwinqanaba elithile, ukuhlukana kwenguqulelo kwamkelekile, kodwa kungcono ukuwathatha kwi-kernel build.

# apt install --yes linux-headers-generic

Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwaye kwavela okuninzi:

# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M    /

Ungalibali ukuseta igama lokugqitha.

Ukupakisha umfanekiso

$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gz

Ukongeza, sinokufaka etckeeper kunye ne-autopush setting

Ewe, masithi sasasaza indibano yethu, umsebenzi waqala ngendlela engcono yokuhlanganisa iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zamva zenkqubo yethu.

etckeeper unokuza kusinceda.

Ukhuseleko ngumcimbi wobuqu:

unokukhusela amasebe athile

yenza isitshixo esisodwa kwisixhobo ngasinye

khubaza ukutyhala ngamandla

njl. ...

# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...

Masisete i-autopush

Sinako, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukudala amasebe kwisixhobo kwangaphambili (masithi senze iskripthi okanye inkonzo eya kuqhuba okokuqala ngqa).

# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"

Okanye sinokwenza into ekrelekrele ngakumbi...

Indlela eyonqenayo

Masibe nolunye uhlobo lwesazisi esikhethekileyo, yithi inombolo yesiriyali yeprosesa (okanye i-MAC-iinkampani ezinobuzaza zithenga uluhlu):

ikati / proc / cpuinfo

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 06372509

Emva koko sinokuyisebenzisela igama lesebe esiya kutyhala kulo:

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509

Masenze iskripthi esilula:

# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
  branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
  cd /etc/
  git push origin master:${branch}
fi

Kwaye konke oko-emva kwexesha sinokujonga utshintsho kwaye senze uluhlu lweepakethi ze-firmware ekujoliswe kuyo.

Izixhobo ezicetyiswayo

BINFMT_MISC
INkxaso yeKernel yeeFomathi zikaBhinary ezixubileyo (binfmt_misc)
Ukuqulunqa ngeqemu umsebenzisi chroot
Ukwakha Ubuntu beengcambu ze-ARM
Uyenza njani ubuntu obuqhelekileyo ukusuka ekuqaleni
Crossdev qemu-static-user-chroot
etc umgcini

getdents64 ingxaki

readdir() ibuyisela iNULL (errno=EOVERFLOW) ye-32-bit yomsebenzisi-static qemu kumamkeli wamasuntswana angama-64.
Ext4 64 bit hash breaks 32 bit glibc 2.28+
compiler_id_detection ayiphumeleli kwi-armhf xa usebenzisa i-QEMU ukulinganisa imo yomsebenzisi
I-CMake ayisebenzi kakuhle phantsi kwe-qemu-arm

umthombo: www.habr.com

Ukwenza umfanekiso we-Ubuntu we-ARM "ukusuka ekuqaleni"