Namhlanje siza kujonga kwimbali yekota, sixoxe ngobunzima bokuphumeza i-CI, kwaye sinikeze izixhobo ezininzi ezidumileyo eziza kukunceda usebenze nayo.
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Ixesha
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo yindlela yokuphuhliswa kwesicelo esibandakanya ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi rhoqo kunye nokuvavanya ikhowudi.
Injongo kukwenza inkqubo yokudibanisa iqikeleleke kwaye ibone iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka kunye neempazamo kwangethuba, ukuze kubekho ixesha elingakumbi lokuzilungisa.
Igama elithi uHlanganiso oluqhubekayo lwaqala ukuvela ngowe-1991. Yaziswa ngumyili wolwimi lwe-UML (uGrady Booch). Injineli yazisa ingqikelelo yeCI njengenxalenye yenkqubo yakhe yophuhliso - . Ithetha uphuculo olongezelekayo loyilo xa kuyilwa iinkqubo ezijolise kwinto. U-Gradi akazange achaze naziphi na iimfuno zokudityaniswa okuqhubekayo. Kodwa kamva kwincwadi yakhe "Uthe injongo yendlela yokusebenza kukukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa βkokukhutshwa kwangaphakathi.β
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Ngo-1996, i-CI yamkelwa ngabadali bendlela yokusebenza (XP) - (Kent Beck) kunye (uRon Jeffries). Ukudityaniswa okuqhubekayo kwaba ngomnye wemigaqo elishumi elinesibini ephambili yendlela yabo. Abaseki be-XP bacacisa iimfuno zendlela ye-CI kwaye baqaphela isidingo sokwakha iprojekthi ngamaxesha amaninzi ngosuku.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-2000, omnye wabasunguli be-Agile Alliance waqala ukukhuthaza indlela yokudibanisa eqhubekayo. (uMartin Fowler). Iimvavanyo zakhe ngeCI zikhokelela kwisixhobo sokuqala sesoftware kule ndawo - CruiseControl. Isixhobo senziwe ngugxa kaMartin, uMatthew Foemmel.
Umjikelo wokwakha kwisixhobo uphunyezwa njenge-daemon ejonga rhoqo inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo yotshintsho kwisiseko sekhowudi. Isisombululo sinokukhutshelwa namhlanje - yona phantsi kwelayisensi efana ne-BSD.
Ngokufika kwesoftware yeCI, ngakumbi nangakumbi iinkampani zaqala ukwamkela le nkqubo. Ngokutsho kophando lweForrester [iphepha lesi-5 ], kwi-2009, i-86% yeenkampani zeteknoloji ezingamashumi amahlanu ezihlolwe zisetyenzisiwe okanye ziphunyezwe iindlela zeCI.
Namhlanje, inkqubo yokuHlanganisa ngokuqhubekayo isetyenziswa yimibutho evela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Kwi-2018, umboneleli omkhulu wefu wenze uphando phakathi kweengcali ze-IT ezivela kwiinkampani kwiinkonzo, imfundo kunye necandelo lezemali. Kumawaka amathandathu abaphenduliweyo, i-58% yathi basebenzisa izixhobo zeCI kunye nemigaqo emsebenzini wabo.
ntoni lo msebenzi
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kusekelwe kwizixhobo ezibini: inkqubo yokulawula inguqulelo kunye nomncedisi weCI. Le yokugqibela inokuba sisixhobo somzimba okanye umatshini obonakalayo kwindawo yelifu. Abaphuhlisi balayisha ikhowudi entsha enye okanye amaxesha amaninzi ngosuku. Iseva yeCI ikhuphela ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nazo zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kuyo kwaye iyakha. Emva koko, iqhuba ukudibanisa kunye novavanyo lweeyunithi. Ukuba iimvavanyo zidlula ngempumelelo, inkqubo yeCI isebenzisa ikhowudi.
Umzobo wenkqubo ngokubanzi unokumelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Indlela yokusebenza yeCI yenza inani leemfuno zabaphuhlisi:
- Lungisa iingxaki ngokukhawuleza. Lo mgaqo weza kwi-CI ukusuka kwiprogramu egqithisileyo. Ukulungisa iimpazamo yeyona nto iphambili yabaphuhlisi.
- Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Abaphuhlisi kunye nabaphathi kufuneka bahlale bejonge imiqobo kwinkqubo yokudibanisa kwaye bayisuse. Ngokomzekelo, kukho i-bottleneck ekuhlanganiseni uvavanyo.
- Qhuba iindibano rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kanye ngosuku ukuvumelanisa umsebenzi weqela.
Ukuphumeza ubunzima
Ingxaki yokuqala ziindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu. Nangona inkampani isebenzisa izixhobo zeCI ezivulekileyo (esiza kuthetha ngazo kamva), kuya kufuneka ichithe imali kwinkxaso yeziseko zophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yamafu inokuba sisisombululo.
Benza lula ukudityaniswa kolungelelwaniso lwekhompyuter. Ukongeza kwinkampani kuphela kwizibonelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezinceda ukonga kwiziseko zophuhliso.
Ngokophando [iphepha 14 ], ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwandisa umthwalo kubasebenzi benkampani (ubuncinane ekuqaleni). Kufuneka bafunde izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye oogxa babo abasoloko bencedisa ngoqeqesho. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ujongane nezicwangciso ezintsha kunye neenkonzo ekuhambeni.
Ubunzima besithathu ziingxaki nge-automation. Imibutho enenani elikhulu lekhowudi yelifa elingagqunywanga ngovavanyo oluzenzekelayo lijongene nale ngxaki. Oku kukhokelela kwinto yokuba ikhowudi iphinda ibhalwe kwakhona ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kweCI.
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Ngubani osebenzisa
Iingxilimbela ze-IT zaziphakathi kwabokuqala ukuxabisa izibonelelo zendlela yokusebenza. Uphando indibaniselwano eqhubekayo ukususela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-2000. I-CI yaphunyezwa ukusombulula ingxaki yokulibaziseka kwi-injini yokukhangela. Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwanceda ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza nokusombulula iingxaki. Ngoku i-CI isetyenziswa ngawo onke amasebe e-IT enkulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kunceda iinkampani ezincinci, kunye nezixhobo zeCI nazo zisetyenziswa yimibutho yezemali kunye nezempilo. Umzekelo, eMorningstar, iinkonzo zokudityaniswa eziqhubekayo zincede ubuthathaka be-patch 70% ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye iqonga lezonyango lePhilips Healthcare lakwazi ukuphinda kabini isantya sohlaziyo lovavanyo.
Zixhobo
Nazi ezinye izixhobo ezidumileyo zeCI:
- yenye yezona nkqubo zidumileyo zeCI. Ixhasa iiplagi ezingaphezulu kwewaka zokudityaniswa neVCS eyahlukeneyo, iiplatifti zamafu kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Sikwasebenzisa iJenkins kwi-1cloud: isixhobo . Ujonga rhoqo isebe le-Git elilungiselelwe uvavanyo.
- -Isakhelo sepython sokubhala iinkqubo zakho eziqhubekayo zokudibanisa. Ukuseta okokuqala kwesixhobo kuntsonkothile kakhulu, kodwa oku kuhlawulelwa ngokhetho olubanzi lohlengahlengiso. Phakathi kwezinto eziluncedo zesakhelo, abasebenzisi baqaqambisa ubungakanani bobuncwane bayo obuphantsi.
- ngumncedisi osuka kwi Pivotal esebenzisa izikhongozeli zeDocker. I-Concourse CI idibanisa nazo naziphi na izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokulawula uguqulelo. Abaphuhlisi bayaqaphela ukuba inkqubo ifanelekile ukusebenza kwiinkampani zaluphi na ubungakanani.
- sisixhobo esakhiwe kwinkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo yeGitLab. Inkonzo iqhuba efini kwaye isebenzisa iifayile ze-YAML kuqwalaselo. NjengeConcourse, iGitlab CI Izikhongozeli zeDocker ezinceda ukwahlula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo omnye komnye.
- yi cloud CI server esebenza nge GitHub, GitLab kunye ne BitBucket. Iqonga alifuni ukuseta ixesha elide - iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezifakwe ngaphambili zeCI ziyafumaneka kwiCodeship. Kwincinci (ukuya kwi-100 yakha ngenyanga) kunye neeprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo, i-Codeship ifumaneka simahla.
Izinto ezivela kwibhlog yethu yoshishino:
umthombo: www.habr.com