Imakethi yoshishino lwe-IT ngoyena mthengi mkhulu wamandla angaphazamisekiyo (UPS), esebenzisa malunga ne-75% yazo zonke ii-UPS eziveliswayo. Intengiso yonyaka yehlabathi yezixhobo ze-UPS kuzo zonke iintlobo zamaziko edatha, kubandakanywa i-corporate, intengiso kunye ne-ultra-large, yi-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukunyuka konyaka kwiintengiso zezixhobo ze-UPS kumaziko edatha kusondela kwi-10% kwaye kubonakala ngathi oku akusiyo umda.
Amaziko eenkcukacha ayanda kwaye amakhulu kwaye oku kudala imingeni emitsha kwiziseko zombane. Ngelixa kukho ingxoxo ende malunga nokuba ii-UPS ezingatshintshiyo ziphezulu kuneziguquguqukayo kwaye ngokuphambeneyo, kukho into enye apho uninzi lweenjineli ziya kuvumelana ngayo - ukuba amandla aphezulu, awona matshini afanelekileyo ombane asebenza nawo: zijenereyitha. esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane kwimizila yombane.
Zonke ii-UPS eziguquguqukayo zisebenzisa iijenereyitha zeemoto, nangona kunjalo zezoyilo olwahlukileyo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ziyahluka kwiimpawu kunye nokusebenza. Enye efana ne-UPS eqhelekileyo sisisombululo senjini yedizili eqhagamshelwe ngoomatshini, i-diesel rotary UPS (DRIBP). Nangona kunjalo, kwindlela yehlabathi yokwakha amaziko edatha, ukhuphiswano lokwenyani luphakathi kwe-UPS engatshintshiyo kunye nenye iteknoloji ye-UPS eguqukayo - i-UPS ejikelezayo, eyindibaniselwano yomatshini wombane ovelisa i-voltage ye-sinusoidal yefomu yendalo kunye nombane wamandla ombane. Ii-UPS ezinjalo ezijikelezayo ziqhagamshelwe ngombane kwizixhobo zokugcina amandla, ezinokuthi zibe ziibhetri okanye ii-flywheels.
Inkqubela phambili yangoku kubuchwepheshe bolawulo, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuxinana kwamandla, kunye nokuncitshiswa kweendleko zeyunithi yamandla e-UPS zizinto ezingazodwa kwii-UPS ezimileyo. Uthotho lwamva nje lwePiller UB-V luyenye indlela efanelekileyo.
Makhe sijonge ezinye zeekhrayitheriya eziphambili zokuvavanya kunye nokukhetha inkqubo ye-UPS kwiziko ledatha elikhulu langoku kwimeko apho iteknoloji ibonakala ikhethwayo.
1. Iindleko ezinkulu
Kuyinyani ukuba ii-UPS ezimileyo zinokubonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi nge-kW nganye kwiinkqubo ezincinci ze-UPS, kodwa olo ncedo lukhawuleza lube ngumphunga xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo zamandla aphezulu. Ingqikelelo yeemodyuli yokuba abavelisi be-UPS emileyo ngokungenakuthintelwa kufuneka bamkele ijikeleza ngokuhambelana nenani elikhulu lee-UPS zamandla aphantsi, ezifana nobukhulu obungama-1kW obuboniswe kumzekelo ongezantsi. Le ndlela ivumela ukufezekisa amandla okuvelisa inkqubo efunekayo, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima bezinto ezininzi ezingafunekiyo, ilahlekelwa yindleko ye-250-20% xa kuthelekiswa neendleko zesisombululo esisekelwe kwii-UPS ezijikelezayo. Ngaphezu koko, kwanolu xhulumaniso oluhambelanayo lweemodyuli lunemida kwinani leeyunithi kwinkqubo enye ye-UPS, emva koko iinkqubo zemodyuli ezihambelanayo ngokwazo kufuneka zihambelane, eziye zandisa ngakumbi iindleko zesisombululo ngenxa yee-switchgears ezongezelelweyo kunye neentambo.
Ithebhu. 1. Umzekelo wesisombululo kumthwalo we-IT wama-48MW. Ubungakanani obukhulu be-UB-V monoblocs bugcina ixesha kunye nemali.
2. Ukuthembeka
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaziko edatha aba ngamashishini athengiswayo ngakumbi nangakumbi, ngelixa ukuthembeka kuthathwa kancinci. Kule nkalo, uloyiko luyakhula lokuba oku kuya kukhokelela kwiingxaki kwixesha elizayo. Ngenxa yokuba abaqhubi bajolise kwiqondo eliphezulu lokunyamezela impazamo (inombolo ye-9) kwaye kucingelwa ukuba izinto ezingalunganga zeteknoloji ye-UPS ye-static iyoyiswa ngcono ngexesha elifutshane lokulungisa (MTTR) ngokukwazi ukukhawuleza kunye nokutshisa-ukutshintsha iimodyuli ze-UPS. Kodwa le ngxoxo inokuzitshabalalisa. Iimodyuli ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo, ziphezulu amathuba okungaphumeleli kwaye, ngokubaluleke ngakumbi, umngcipheko wokuba ukusilela okunjalo kuya kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni komthwalo kwinkqubo yonke. Kungcono ukuba kungabikho iingozi kwaphela.
Umzekeliso wokuxhomekeka kwenani lezixhobo zokungaphumeleli kwixabiso lexesha phakathi kokungaphumeleli (MTBF) ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kuboniswe kumzobo. 1 kunye nezibalo ezihambelanayo.
Irayisi. 1. Ukuxhomekeka kwinani lokusilela kwezixhobo kwisalathiso se-MTBF.
Amathuba okusilela kwesixhobo Q(t) ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, kwicandelo (II) legrafu yegophe lokusilela okuqhelekileyo, lichazwa kakuhle ngumthetho ochazayo wonikezelo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingahleliwe Q(t) = e-(Ξ»x t). ), apho Ξ» = 1/MTBF kukungaphumeleli kokuqina, kwaye t lixesha lokusebenza kwiiyure. Ngokufanelekileyo, emva kwexesha t kwimeko engenazinkathazo kuya kubakho i-N (t) ufakelo ukusuka kwinani lokuqala lofakelo lonke N(0): N(t) = Q(t)*N(0).
Umyinge we-MTBF yee-UPS ezimileyo ziiyure ezingama-200.000, ngelixa i-MTBF yee-UPS ezijikelezayo zoluhlu lwe-UB-V Piller ziiyure eziyi-1.300.000. Ubalo lubonisa ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza, i-36% yee-UPS ezingatshintshiyo ziya kuba sengozini, kwaye kuphela i-7% yee-UPS ezijikelezayo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo inani elihlukeneyo lezixhobo ze-UPS (Itheyibhile 1), oku kuthetha ukungaphumeleli kwe-86 kwiimodyuli ze-UPS ezingatshintshiyo ezingama-240 kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-2 kwi-20 Piller rotary UPSs, kwiziko ledatha elifanayo kunye ne-48MW yokuhlawula i-IT kwiminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza.
Amava okusebenza kwe-UPS ye-static kumaziko edatha eRashiya nakwihlabathi aqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezi zibalo zingentla, ngokusekelwe kwizibalo zokungaphumeleli kunye nokulungiswa okukhoyo kwimithombo evulekile.
Zonke ii-UPS ezijikelezayo zePiller, kwaye ngokukodwa i-UB-V series, sebenzisa umatshini wombane ukuvelisa i-sine wave ecocekileyo kwaye ungasebenzisi i-capacitors yamandla kunye ne-IGBT transistors, edla ngokuba ngunobangela wokungaphumeleli kuzo zonke ii-UPS ezimileyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-UPS engatshintshiyo yinxalenye enzima yenkqubo yokubonelela ngombane. Ukuntsokotha kunciphisa ukuthembeka. Ii-UPS ezijikelezayo ze-UB-V zinamacandelo ambalwa kunye noyilo lwenkqubo eyomeleleyo (i-motor-generator) yokuphucula ukuthembeka.
3. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Ii-UPS zanamhlanje ezimile zine-intanethi engcono kakhulu (okanye imo "yesiqhelo") amandla okusebenza kakuhle kunangaphambili. Njengomthetho, kunye nencopho yamaxabiso okusebenza kwinqanaba le-96,3%. Amanani aphezulu ahlala enikezelwa, kodwa oku kufezekiswa kuphela xa i-UPS engatshintshiyo isebenza, itshintsha phakathi kwe-intanethi kunye neendlela ezizezinye (umzekelo, i-ECO-mode). Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa enye indlela yokugcina amandla, umthwalo uqhutyelwa kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle ngaphandle kokhuseleko. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ekusebenzeni kumaziko edatha kwiimeko ezininzi kuphela imo ye-intanethi isetyenziswa.
I-Piller UB-V uchungechunge lwee-UPS ezijikelezayo azitshintshi isimo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo ngelixa libonelela nge-98% esebenzayo kwi-intanethi kwi-100% yomthwalo kunye ne-97% kwi-50% yomthwalo.
Lo mahluko ekusebenzeni kwamandla kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukonga okubalulekileyo kumbane ngexesha lokusebenza (Itheyibhile 2).
Ithebhu. 2. Ukongiwa kweendleko zamandla kwiziko ledatha 48 MW Umthwalo we-IT.
4. Isithuba esixakekileyo
Iinjongo ngokubanzi ze-UPS ezingashukumiyo ziye zadityaniswa kakhulu ngokuguqukela kubuchwepheshe be-IGBT kunye nokupheliswa kweenguqu. Nangona kunjalo, nokuthathela ingqalelo le meko, ii-UPS ze-UB-V ezijikelezayo zinika inzuzo ye-20% okanye ngaphezulu ngokwesithuba esithathwe kwiyunithi nganye yamandla. Isiphumo sokugcinwa kwendawo singasetyenziselwa zombini ukunyusa umthamo weziko lamandla, kunye nokwandisa "umhlophe", luncedo, indawo yesakhiwo ukulungiselela iiseva ezongezelelweyo.
Irayisi. 2. Isithuba esithathwe yi-2MW UPS yeetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo. Ufakelo lwangempela lokukala.
5. Ukufikeleleka
Esinye sezibonakaliso eziphambili zeziko ledatha elenziwe kakuhle, elakhiwe kwaye lisebenza liphezulu lokunyamezela impazamo. Ngelixa i-100% ixesha lokuphumla lihlala liyinjongo, iingxelo zibonisa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-30% yamaziko edatha yehlabathi afumana ubuncinane ukungabikho okungacwangciswanga ngonyaka. Uninzi lwezi lubangelwa yimpazamo yomntu, kodwa iziseko zamandla nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Uthotho lwe-UB-V lusebenzisa iminyaka yetekhnoloji eqinisekisiweyo yePiller monobloc ejikelezayo ye-UPS ephezulu kakhulu ekuthembekeni kuyo nayiphi na enye itekhnoloji. Ngaphezu koko, ii-UB-V UPSs ngokwazo kumaziko edatha anommandla olawulwa ngokufanelekileyo akufuneki ukuba zivaliwe minyaka le ukuze zigcinwe.
6. Ukuba bhetyebhetye
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ze-IT zeziko ledatha zihlaziywa kwaye ziphuculwe kwiminyaka eyi-3-5. Ke ngoko, amandla kunye neziseko zokupholisa kufuneka zibe bhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana noku kwaye zibe nethemba elaneleyo lekamva. Zombini i-UPS yesiqhelo engatshintshiyo kunye ne-UB-V UPS inokuqwalaselwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kwezisombululo ezisekelwe kolu mva kubanzi, kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, ekubeni oku kungaphaya kobubanzi beli nqaku, kwenza kube lula ukuphumeza iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla ezingenakuphazamiseka kumbane ophakathi we-6-30 kV, ukusebenza. kuthungelwano olunokuhlaziywa kunye nemithombo yokuvelisa enye, ukwakha indleko-esebenzayo, ethembeke kakhulu, iTier IV UI ehambelanayo neenkqubo ze-IP Bus kuqwalaselo lwe-N+1.
Njengokuqukumbela, kunokwenziwa izigqibo ezininzi. Okukhona amaziko edatha eguqukayo, kokukhona usiba nzima ngakumbi umsebenzi wokuwenza ngcono, xa kufuneka ngaxeshanye ukulawula izikhombisi zoqoqosho, imiba yokuthembeka, isidima kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. I-Static UPSs ibe kwaye iya kuqhubeka isetyenziswa kumaziko edatha kwixesha elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, akunakuphikiswa ukuba kukho iindlela ezizezinye kwiindlela ezikhoyo kwintsimi yeenkqubo zokubonelela ngombane ezineenzuzo ezinkulu ngaphezu kwe "statics endala".
umthombo: www.habr.com