Izibini zezixhobo ezivela kumphuhlisi waseRashiya "Kroks" zithunyelwe ukuphononongwa kovavanyo oluzimeleyo. Ezi ziimitha zerediyo zerediyo ezincinci, ezizezi: i-spectrum analyzer enejenereyitha yomqondiso eyakhelweyo, kunye ne-vector network analyzer (reflectometer). Zombini ezi zixhobo zinoluhlu oluya kuthi ga kwi-6,2 GHz kwindawo ephezulu.
Kwabakho umdla wokuqonda ukuba ezi zezinye iipokotho “zokubonisa iimitha” (izinto zokudlala), okanye izixhobo eziphawuleka ngokwenene, kuba umenzi uzibeke kwindawo yazo: - “Isixhobo senzelwe ukusetyenziswa koonomathotholo abangabaziyo, kuba ayisosixhobo sokulinganisa sobuchwephesha. .”
Qaphelani bafundi! Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngabangenangqondo, akukho ndlela yokubanga ukuba zizifundo ze-metrological zezixhobo zokulinganisa, ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho yerejista karhulumente kunye nayo yonke enye into ehambelana nale nto. Iingcali zerediyo zinomdla ekujongeni imilinganiselo yokuthelekisa izixhobo ezihlala zisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa (i-eriyali, izihluzi, izithinteli), kwaye hayi “izinto ezithathwayo” ngokwethiyori, njengoko kuqhelekile kwi-metrology, umzekelo: imithwalo engahambelaniyo, iintambo zothumelo ezingadibaniyo, okanye amacandelo. yemigca emifutshane, engaqukwanga kolu vavanyo yasetyenziswa.
Ukuze ugweme impembelelo yokuphazamiseka xa uthelekisa ii-eriyali, i-anechoic chamber, okanye indawo evulekileyo, iyafuneka. Ngenxa yokungabikho kweyokuqala, imilinganiselo yaqhutyelwa ngaphandle, zonke ii-eriyali ezineepateni zolwalathiso "zijonge" esibhakabhakeni, zixhonywe kwi-tripod, ngaphandle kokufuduka kwindawo xa kutshintsha izixhobo.
Iimvavanyo zisetyenziselwa i-coaxial feeder yesigaba esizinzile seklasi yokulinganisa, i-Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C, kunye nee-adapter ze-N-SMA ezivela kwiinkampani eziziwayo: iMidwest Microwave, Amphenol, Pasternack, Narda.
Iiadaptha ezenziwe ngexabiso eliphantsi laseTshayina azizange zisetyenziswe ngenxa yokungabikho rhoqo koqhagamshelwano ngexesha lokudibanisa kwakhona, kwaye nangenxa yokuchithwa kwe-antioxidant ebuthathaka, ababeyisebenzisa endaweni yegolide eqhelekileyo ...
Ukufumana iimeko ezilinganayo zokuthelekisa, phambi komlinganiselo ngamnye, izixhobo zilinganiswe kunye nesethi efanayo ye-OSL calibrators, kwi-band frequency efanayo kunye neqondo lokushisa langoku. I-OSL imele u-"Open", "Short", "Load", oko kukuthi, i-standard set of calibration standards: "open circuit test", "short circuit test" kunye "terminated load 50,0 ohms" ezidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-vector. abahlalutyi benethiwekhi. Kwifomathi ye-SMA, sisebenzise ikhithi yokulinganisa i-Anritsu 22S50, eqheleke kuluhlu lwamaza ukusuka kwi-DC ukuya kwi-26,5 GHz, ikhonkco kwidatha yedatha (amaphepha angama-49):
Kuhlobo lwe-N yokulinganisa ifomathi, ngokulandelelana i-Anritsu OSLN50-1, iqhelekile ukusuka kwi-DC ukuya kwi-6 GHz.
Ukuchasana okulinganiselwe kumthwalo ohambelanayo wee-calibrators ngu-50 ± 0,02 Ohm. Imilinganiselo iqhutywe yi-multimeters eqinisekisiweyo, inqanaba lebhubhoratri echanekileyo ukusuka kwi-HP kunye neFluke.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okugqwesileyo, kunye neemeko ezilinganayo kwiimvavanyo ezithelekisayo, i-IF ye-filter bandwidth efanayo ifakwe kwizixhobo, kuba i-insured le bhanti, iphakamileyo yokulinganisa ukuchaneka kunye ne-signal-to-noise ratio. Elona nani likhulu leendawo zokuskena (ekufutshane ne-1000) nalo lakhethwa.
Ukuziqhelanisa nayo yonke imisebenzi ye-refleometer ekuthethwa ngayo, kukho ikhonkco kwimiyalelo yefektri enemifanekiso:
Phambi komlinganiselo ngamnye, zonke iindawo zokukhwelana kwizihlanganisi ze-coaxial (i-SMA, i-RP-SMA, uhlobo lwe-N) zajongwa ngononophelo, kuba kwiifrikhwensi ezingaphezulu kwe-2-3 GHz, ukucoceka kunye nemeko yendawo ye-antioxidant yabafowunelwa iqala ukubonakala ngokufanelekileyo. isiphumo kwiziphumo zomlinganiselo kunye nokuzinza ukuphinda-phinda. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umphezulu wangaphandle wephini eliphakathi kwi-coaxial connector ecocekileyo, kunye nokukhwelana kwendawo yangaphakathi ye-collet kwisiqingatha sokukhwelana. Kukwanjalo kubafowunelwa abaphothiweyo. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kunye nokucoca okuyimfuneko ngokuqhelekileyo kufezwa phantsi kwe-microscope, okanye phantsi kwe-lens yokukhulisa okuphezulu.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuthintela ubukho shavings isinyithi edilikayo kumphezulu insulators kwi ukukhwelana izihlanganisi coaxial, kuba baqala ukwazisa capacitance parasitic, ngokuphawulekayo ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kunye nokudluliselwa umqondiso.
Umzekelo wokuvaleka okuqhelekileyo kwentsimbi yeziqhagamshelo ze-SMA ezingabonakali emehlweni:
Ngokweemfuno zefektri zabavelisi be-microwave coaxial connectors kunye nohlobo lwe-threaded loqhagamshelwano, xa udibanisa, AKUVUMELEKANGA ukujikeleza uqhagamshelwano oluphakathi olungena kwikholethi eyamkelayo. Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukubamba isiseko se-axial ye-screw-on-half of the connector, ukuvumela kuphela ukujikeleza kwe-nut ngokwayo, kwaye kungekhona yonke i-screw-on structure. Kwangaxeshanye, ukukrwela kunye nokunye ukunxitywa koomatshini beendawo zokukhwelana kuncitshiswe kakhulu, ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano olungcono kunye nokwandisa inani lemijikelo yokutshintsha.
Ngelishwa, bambalwa abasafundayo abayaziyo le nto, kwaye uninzi bayayikroba ngokupheleleyo, ixesha ngalinye bekrwela umaleko osele ubhityile weendawo zokusebenza zabafowunelwa. Oku kuhlala kungqinwa ziividiyo ezininzi kwi-Yu.Tube, ukusuka kwinto ebizwa ngokuba “ngabavavanyi” bezixhobo ezitsha ze-microwave.
Kolu vavanyo lovavanyo, lonke uqhagamshelo oluninzi lwe-coaxial connectors kunye ne-calibrator lwenziwa ngokungqongqo ngokuthobela iimfuno zokusebenza ezingentla.
Kuvavanyo lokuthelekisa, ii-eriyali ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zalinganiswa ukujonga ufundo lwe-refleometer kuluhlu lwamaza ohlukeneyo.
Ukuthelekiswa kwe-antenna ye-7 ye-Uda-Yagi yoluhlu lwe-433 MHz (LPD)
Ekubeni i-eriyali zolu hlobo zihlala zine-lobe echazwe ngasemva, kunye nee-lobes ezininzi zecala, ukwenzela ukucoceka kovavanyo, zonke iimeko ezijikelezayo zokungashukumi zazijongwa ngokukodwa, ukuya kuthi ga ukutshixa ikati endlwini. Ukuze xa ufota iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwimiboniso, ayizukuphela ngokungaqondakaliyo kuluhlu lwelobe yangasemva, ngaloo ndlela ingenisa ukuphazamiseka kwigrafu.
Imifanekiso iqulethe iifoto ezivela kwizixhobo ezithathu, iindlela ezi-4 ukusuka nganye.
Ifoto ephezulu ivela kwi-VR 23-6200, enye ephakathi ivela kwi-Anritsu S361E, kwaye enye iphantsi ivela kwi-GenCom 747A.
Iitshathi zeVSWR:
Iigrafu ezibonisiweyo zelahleko:
Iigrafu ze-Wolpert-Smith ze-impedance diagram:
Iigrafu zenqanaba:
Njengoko ubona, iigrafu ezibangelwayo ziyafana kakhulu, kwaye amaxabiso okulinganisa anokusasazeka ngaphakathi kwe-0,1% yempazamo.
Ukuthelekiswa kwe-1,2 GHz coaxial dipole
VSWR:
Buyisela ilahleko:
Itshathi kaWolpert-Smith:
Inqanaba:
Apha, kwakhona, zonke izixhobo ezithathu, ngokwe-resonance frequency frequency of le antenna, zawela ngaphakathi kwe-0,07%.
Ukuthelekiswa kwe-eriyali ye-3-6 GHz yesigodlo
Intambo yolwandiso eneziqhagamshelo zohlobo lwe-N isetyenziswe apha, ethe yazisa kancinci ukungalingani kwimilinganiselo. Kodwa ekubeni umsebenzi wawukuthelekisa izixhobo, kungekhona iintambo okanye i-eriyali, ngoko ukuba kukho ingxaki endleleni, ke izixhobo kufuneka zibonise njengoko zinjalo.
Ulungelelwaniso lwenqwelomoya yokulinganisa (ireferensi) kuthathelwa ingqalelo iadaptha kunye nesondlo:
I-VSWR kwibhendi ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-6 GHz:
Buyisela ilahleko:
Itshathi kaWolpert-Smith:
Iigrafu zenqanaba:
5,8 GHz Isetyhula yePolarization Antenna Uthelekiso
VSWR:
Buyisela ilahleko:
Itshathi kaWolpert-Smith:
Inqanaba:
Umlinganiselo wokuthelekisa weVSWR wesihluzi se-LPF saseTshayina 1.4 GHz
Inkangeleko yesihluzi:
Iitshathi zeVSWR:
Ubude bomxhasi uthelekiso (DTF)
Ndithathe isigqibo sokulinganisa intambo entsha ye-coaxial enezihlanganisi zodidi lwe-N:
Ukusebenzisa i-tape ye-tape yeemitha ezimbini kumanyathelo amathathu, ndalinganisa i-3 yeemitha ze-5 centimeters.
Nantsi into ebonisiwe izixhobo:
Apha, njengoko besithi, izimvo azifuneki.
Ukuthelekiswa kokuchaneka kwejeneretha yokulandelela eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi
Lo mfanekiso we-GIF uqulethe iifoto ezili-10 zokufundwa kwemitha ye-frequency Ch3-54. Iihafu eziphezulu zemifanekiso zizifundo zovavanyo lweVR 23-6200. Iziqingatha ezisezantsi ziyimiqondiso enikezelwe kwi-Anritsu reflectometer. Iifrikhwensi ezintlanu zakhethwa kuvavanyo: 23, 50, 100, 150 kunye ne-200 MHz. Ukuba u-Anritsu unike i-frequency kunye ne-zero kumadijithi asezantsi, ke i-compact VR ibonelelwe ngokugqithisela okuncinci, ikhula ngokwamanani ngokunyuka kwamaxesha:
Nangona, ngokweempawu zokusebenza zomenzi, oku akukwazi ukuba nayiphi na "minus", kuba ayihambi ngaphaya kwamadijithi amabini abhengeziweyo, emva kophawu lwesishumi.
Imifanekiso eqokelelwe kwi-gif malunga nengaphakathi "lomhombiso" wesixhobo:
Iinkonzo:
Iingenelo zesixhobo se-VR 23-6200 ziindleko zayo eziphantsi, ukuhambelana okuphathekayo kunye nokuzimela okupheleleyo, okungafuneki umboniso wangaphandle ovela kwikhompyuter okanye i-smartphone, kunye noluhlu olubanzi olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo oluboniswe kwilebhile. Enye into edibanisayo kukuba oku akusiyo i-scalar, kodwa imitha ye-vector ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwiziphumo zemilinganiselo yokuthelekisa, i-VR ngokwenyani ayikho ngaphantsi kwezixhobo ezinkulu, ezidumileyo kunye nezibiza kakhulu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukukhwela eluphahleni (okanye imasti) ukujonga imeko ye-feeders kunye nee-eriyali zikhethwa kakhulu kunye nosana olunjalo kunesixhobo esikhulu nesinzima. Kwaye kuluhlu ngoku olunefashoni ye-5,8 GHz yomdyarho we-FPV (ii-multicopter ezibhabhayo ezilawulwa ngunomathotholo kunye neenqwelomoya, ezinokusasazwa kwevidiyo ebhodini kwiiglasi okanye kwimiboniso), yimfuneko ngokubanzi. Kuba ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ngokulula i-eriyali efanelekileyo kwezona ziseleyo kanye kwimpukane, okanye nakwimpukane yolula kwaye uhlengahlengise i-eriyali ebishwabene emva kokuwa kwemoto ephaphazelayo yomdyarho. Isixhobo sinokuthiwa "i-pocket-size", kwaye ubunzima bayo obuphantsi bunokuxhoma ngokulula nakwi-feeder encinci, efanelekileyo xa uqhuba imisebenzi emininzi yasendle.
Ukungalungi kuyaqatshelwa:
I-1) I-drawback enkulu yokusebenza ye-reflectory kukungakwazi ukufumana ngokukhawuleza ubuncinci okanye ubuninzi kwitshati kunye namanqaku, ungakhankanyi ukukhangela "i-delta", okanye ukukhangela ngokuzenzekelayo okulandelayo (okanye kwangaphambili) ubuncinane / ubukhulu.
Oku kuhlala kufunwa kakhulu kwiindlela ze-LMag kunye ne-SWR, apho obu buchule bokulawula abamakishi busilela kakhulu. Kuya kufuneka wenze isiphawuli sisebenze kwimenyu ehambelanayo, kwaye emva koko uhambise isiphawuli ngesandla kubuncinci begophe ukuze ufunde ukuphindaphindeka kunye nexabiso le-SWR ngelo xesha. Mhlawumbi kwi-firmware elandelayo umenzi uya kongeza umsebenzi onjalo.
1 a) Kwakhona, ifowuni ayikwazi ukunika kwakhona imowudi yokubonisa efunwayo yabamakishi xa utshintsha phakathi kweendlela zokulinganisa.
Ngokomzekelo, ndatshintshela kwimodi ye-VSWR ukuya kwi-LMag (Buyisela ilahleko), kwaye abamakishi basabonisa ixabiso le-VSWR, ngelixa ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka babonise ixabiso lemodyuli yokubonisa kwi-dB, oko kukuthi, igrafu ekhethiweyo ibonisa ngoku.
Kuyafana kuzo zonke ezinye iindlela. Ukuze ufunde amaxabiso ahambelana negrafu ekhethiweyo kwitheyibhile yesiphawuli, ixesha ngalinye kufuneka unikeze kwakhona ngesandla imo yokubonisa nganye kumakishi ama-4. Kubonakala ngathi yinto encinci, kodwa ndingathanda "i-automation" encinci.
I-1 b) Kwindlela yokulinganisa i-VSWR ethandwa kakhulu, isikali se-amplitude asikwazi ukutshintshelwa kwingcaciso engaphezulu, ngaphantsi kwe-2,0 (umzekelo, i-1,5, okanye i-1.3).
I-2) Kukho into encinci kwi-calibration engahambelaniyo. Ngokungathi kunjalo, kusoloko kukho ukulinganisa "okuvulekileyo" okanye "okuhambelanayo". Oko kukuthi, akukho buchule obuhambelanayo bokurekhoda umlinganiselo wokufunda we-calibrator, njengoko kuqhelekileyo kwezinye izixhobo ze-VNA. Ngesiqhelo kwimo yolungelelaniso, isixhobo siyazikhuthaza ngokulandelelana ukuba yeyiphi ekufuneka ihlohlwe (olandelayo) umgangatho wolungelelwaniso kwaye uyifundele ubalo.
Kwaye kwi-ARINST, ilungelo lokukhetha konke ukucofa okuthathu kumanyathelo okurekhoda anikwe ngaxeshanye, nto leyo ibeka imfuno eyongeziweyo yokumamela kumqhubi xa eqhuba inqanaba elilandelayo lokulinganisa. Nangona ndingazange ndibhideke, ukuba ndicofa iqhosha elingahambelani nesiphelo esiqhagamshelwe ngoku sesilinganisi, kukho ithuba elilula lokwenza loo mpazamo.
Mhlawumbi ekuphuculweni okulandelayo kwe-firmware, abadali baya "kutshintsha" le "parallelism" evulekileyo yokuzikhethela ibe "ulandelelwano" ukuphelisa impazamo enokwenzeka kumqhubi. Emva koko, akukho sizathu sokuba izixhobo ezinkulu zisebenzisa ukulandelelana okucacileyo kwizenzo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulinganisa, ukuphelisa iimpazamo ezinjalo ekudidekeni.
3) Uluhlu lokulinganisa ubushushu obumxinwa kakhulu. Ukuba i-Anritsu emva kolungelelwaniso ibonelela ngoluhlu (umzekelo) ukusuka +18°C ukuya +48°C, ngoko i-Arinst kuphela ± 3°C ukusuka kubushushu bokulinganisa, obunokuba buncinci ngexesha lomsebenzi wentsimi (ngaphandle), kwi ilanga, okanye emthunzini.
Umzekelo: Ndiyilinganise emva kwesidlo sasemini, kodwa usebenza ngemilinganiselo kude kube ngokuhlwa, ilanga lihambile, iqondo lobushushu lehlile kwaye ufundo aluchanekanga.
Ngesizathu esithile, umyalezo wokuyeka awuveli usithi "phinda uhlengahlengise ngenxa yoluhlu lweqondo lobushushu lokulinganisa kwangaphambili lungaphandle komgangatho wobushushu." Endaweni yoko, imilinganiselo ephosakeleyo iqala ngoziro oguquliweyo, ochaphazela kakhulu umphumo womlinganiselo.
Ukuthelekisa, nantsi indlela i-Anritsu OTDR eyibika ngayo:
4) Kuba ngaphakathi kuqhelekile, kodwa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo umboniso umnyama kakhulu.
Ngemini enelanga ngaphandle, akukho nto ifundekayo konke konke, nokuba usithunzele isikrini ngesandla sakho.
Akukho khetho yokunyenyisa ukuqaqamba komboniso konke konke.
5) Ndingathanda ukuthengisa amaqhosha e-hardware kwabanye, kuba abanye abaphenduli ngokukhawuleza ngokucinezela.
I-6) Isikrini esichukumisayo asiphenduli kwezinye iindawo, kwaye kwezinye iindawo sinobucayi kakhulu.
Izigqibo kwi-VR 23-6200 reflectometer
Ukuba awuyi kubambelela kwi-minuses, ngoko xa kuthelekiswa nolunye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, izisombululo eziphathekayo kunye nezifumaneka ngokukhululekile kwimarike, njengeRF Explorer, N1201SA, KC901V, RigExpert, SURECOM SW-102, NanoVNA - le Arinst VR 23-6200 kujongeka njengolona khetho luphumeleleyo. Kuba ezinye zinexabiso elingafikelelekiyo kakhulu, okanye zisikelwe umda kwibhendi yamaza kwaye ke azikho jikelele, okanye ziyimitha yokubonisa yohlobo lokudlala. Ngaphandle kokuthozama kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, i-VR 23-6200 vector reflectometer yajika yaba sisixhobo esinesidima esimangalisayo, kwaye siphathekayo. Ukuba ngaba abavelisi bebegqibezele ukungalungi kuyo kwaye bandise kancinci umphetho osezantsi wefrikhwensi ye-shortwave amateurs kanomathotholo, isixhobo besiya kuthatha iqonga phakathi kwabo bonke abasebenzi becandelo likarhulumente bolu hlobo, kuba isiphumo besiya kuba lukhuselo olufikelelekayo: ukusuka. "KaVe ukuya eFPeVe", oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwi-2 MHz kwi-HF (i-160 yeemitha), ukuya kwi-5,8 GHz ye-FPV (5 centimeters). Kwaye ngokukhethayo ngaphandle kokuphumla kulo lonke ibhendi, ngokungafaniyo nento eyenzekayo kwiRF Explorer:
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, nezisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu ziya kubonakala kungekudala kuluhlu olubanzi olunjalo, kwaye oku kuya kuba kuhle! Kodwa ngoku (ngexesha likaJuni-Julayi 2019), ngokombono wam othobekileyo, le reflectometer yeyona nto ingcono kwihlabathi, phakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezingabizi kakhulu, ezithengiswayo.
- Icandelo lesiBini
I-Spectrum analyzer enejenereyitha yokulandelela i-SSA-TG R2
Isixhobo sesibini asinamdla ngaphantsi kwe-reflectometer ye-vector.
Ikuvumela ukuba ulinganise "isiphelo-ekupheleni" iiparamitha zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-microwave kwimodi yokulinganisa i-2-port (uhlobo lwe-S21). Ngokomzekelo, unokujonga ukusebenza kunye nokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo inzuzo yee-boosters, i-amplifiers, okanye isixa sokunciphisa umqondiso (ilahleko) kwii-attenuators, izihluzi, iintambo ze-coaxial (i-feeders), kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisebenzayo kunye ne-passive kunye neemodyuli, ezingenaku yenziwe ngerefledometer yezibuko enye.
Olu luhlalutyi olupheleleyo lwe-spectrum, olugubungela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu noluqhubekayo lwamaza, olukude nesiqhelo phakathi kwezixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu. Ukongeza, kukho ijenereyitha yokulandelela eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yeesiginali zerediyo, nakwindawo ebanzi. Kwakhona uncedo oluyimfuneko kwi-reflestometer kunye nemitha ye-antenna. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba kukho ukutenxa kwi-frequency carrier kwi-transmitters, i-parasitic intermodulation, ukusika, njl.
Kwaye ukuba nejenereyitha yokulandelela kunye ne-analyzer ye-spectrum, ukongeza i-coupler ye-directional yangaphandle (okanye ibhulorho), kunokwenzeka ukulinganisa i-VSWR efanayo ye-eriyali, nangona kuphela kwimo yokulinganisa i-scalar, ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo isigaba, njengoko kuya kuba njalo. ityala ngevector enye.
Ikhonkco kwimanyuwali yasefektri:
Esi sixhobo sasithelekiswa ubukhulu becala kunye ne-GenCom 747A edibeneyo yokulinganisa, kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyuka ukuya kwi-4 GHz. Kwakhona ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo yaba imitha yamandla entsha echanekileyo yodidi lwe-Anritsu MA24106A, kunye neetafile zokulungiswa kweentambo zefektri kumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo kunye nobushushu, obuqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-6 GHz rhoqo.
Ishelufu yengxolo yomhlalutyi weSpectrum, ene-"stub" ehambelanayo kwigalelo:
Ubuncinci yayingu-85,5 dB, eyavela kwindawo ye-LPD (426 MHz).
Ukuqhubela phambili, njengoko i-frequency inyuka, umqobo wengxolo nawo uyanda kancinci, into engokwemvelo:
1500 MHz - 83,5 dB. 2400 MHz - 79,6 dB. Kwi-5800 MHz - 66,5 dB.
Ukulinganisa inzuzo ye-Wi-Fi booster esebenzayo esekelwe kwimodyuli ye-XQ-02A
Isici esikhethekileyo sale booster kukutshintsha okuzenzekelayo, okuthe, xa amandla esetyenziswa, ayigcini ngokukhawuleza i-amplifier kwi-state. Ngokuhlenga ngamandla i-attenuators kwisixhobo esikhulu, siye sakwazi ukufumana umda wokuvula i-automation eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Kuye kwavela ukuba i-booster itshintshela kwisimo esisebenzayo kwaye iqala ukukhulisa isignali edlulayo kuphela ukuba inkulu kune-minus 4 dBm (0,4 mW):
Kolu vavanyo kwisixhobo esincinci, inqanaba lokuphuma kwejenereyitha eyakhelweyo, enoluhlu lohlengahlengiso olubhalwe kwiimpawu zokusebenza, ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-25 dBm, yayinganelanga. Kwaye apha besidinga kangangoko thabatha 4, ebaluleke kakhulu kunothabatha 15. Ewe, kwakunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa iamplifier yangaphandle, kodwa umsebenzi wawungafani.
Ndilinganise inzuzo yokutshintshwa kwi-booster ngesixhobo esikhulu, kwavela ukuba yi-11 dB, ngokuhambelana neempawu zokusebenza.
Ngenxa yoko, isixhobo esincinci sakwazi ukufumanisa ubungakanani be-booster ecinyiweyo, kodwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kwavela ukuba i-booster de-energized booster yenza buthathaka uphawu oludlulayo kwi-antenna ngamaxesha angama-12.000. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kanye xa ubhabha kwaye ulibale ukubonelela amandla kwi-booster yangaphandle ngexesha elifanelekileyo, i-Longrange hexacopter, emva kokuhamba ngeemitha ezingama-60-70, yamisa kwaye yatshintshela ukubuyela ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yokuphuma. Emva koko kwavela isidingo sokufumana ixabiso lokudlula-ngokunciphisa i-amplifier ecinyiweyo. Kwavela malunga ne-41-42 dB.
Ijeneretha yengxolo 1-3500 MHz
Ijenereyitha elula yengxolo, eyenziwe eTshayina.
Uthelekiso lomgca wokufundwa kwe-dB alufanelekanga ngandlel’ ithile apha, ngenxa yotshintsho oluthe gqolo kwi-amplitude kumaza ohlukeneyo abangelwa bubume bengxolo.
Kodwa nangona kunjalo, bekunokwenzeka ukuba kuthathwe okufanayo, uthelekiso lwegrafu yokuphendula rhoqo kuzo zombini izixhobo:
Apha uluhlu lwamafrikhwensi kwizixhobo lubekwe ngokulingana, ukusuka kwi-35 ukuya kwi-4000 MHz.
Kwaye ngokumalunga nobukhulu, njengoko ubona, amaxabiso afanayo nawo afunyanwa.
Ukudlula ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphendula (umlinganiselo we-S21), isihluzi se-LPF 1.4
Esi sihluzo sele sikhankanyiwe kwisiqingatha sokuqala sophononongo. Kodwa apho i-VSWR yayo yalinganiswa, kwaye nantsi impendulo ephindaphindiweyo yothumelo, apho unokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni kwaye idlula ngantoni, kunye nokuba inqunyulwa kangakanani.
Apha ungabona ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi ukuba zombini izixhobo zirekhode impendulo rhoqo kwesi sihluzo phantse ngokufanayo:
Kwi-cutoff frequency ye-1400 MHz, i-Arinst ibonise i-amplitude ye-minus 1,4 dB (i-blue marker Mkr 4), kunye ne-GenCom minus 1,79 dB (umakishi M5).
Ukulinganisa ukuthotywa kwabathomalalisi
Kwimilinganiselo yothelekiso ndikhethe ezona zichaneke kakhulu, zinegama elithi attenuators. Ngokukodwa hayi amaTshayina, ngenxa yokwahluka kwawo okukhulu.
Uluhlu lwamaza lusafana, ukusuka kwi-35 ukuya kwi-4000 MHz. Ukulinganisa imowudi yokulinganisa izibuko ezimbini kuqhutywe ngokucokisekileyo, kunye nokulawulwa okunyanzelekileyo kweqondo lokucoceka komphezulu wabo bonke abafowunelwa kwiikhonkco ze-coaxial zokukhwelana.
Iziphumo zokulinganisa kwinqanaba le-0 dB:
Isampulu yesampulu yenziwa i-median, embindini webhendi enikiweyo, eyi-2009,57 MHz. Inani lamanqaku okuskena nalo lalilingana, 1000+1.
Njengoko ubona, umphumo wokulinganisa wemeko efanayo ye-40 dB attenuator iye yasondela, kodwa yahluke kancinane. U-Arinst SSA-TG R2 ubonise i-42,4 dB, kunye ne-GenCom 40,17 dB, zonke ezinye izinto zilingana.
I-Attenuator 30 dB
Arinst = 31,9 dB
IGenCom = 30,08 dB
Ngokumalunga nokusasazeka okuncinci okufanayo ngokwemiqathango yepesenti nako kwafunyanwa xa kumetwa umlinganiselo wezinye iiattenuators. Kodwa ukugcina ixesha lomfundi kunye nendawo kwinqaku, abazange bafakwe kolu hlaziyo, kuba bafana nemilinganiselo echazwe ngasentla.
Ubuncinci kunye nengoma enkulu
Ngaphandle kokuphatheka kunye nokulula kwesixhobo, nangona kunjalo, abavelisi bongeze ukhetho oluluncedo njengokubonisa ubuncinci obongezelekayo kunye nobukhulu bokutshintsha kweengoma, ezifunwayo kunye nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo.
Imifanekiso emithathu eqokelelwe kumfanekiso we-gif, kusetyenziswa umzekelo we-5,8 GHz LPF filter, uqhagamshelo olwenze ngabom ingxolo yokutshintsha kunye nokuphazamiseka:
Ingoma emthubi ligophe langoku lokutshayela.
Ingoma ebomvu yimaxima eqokelelwe kwimemori ukusuka ekutshayelweni kwangaphambili.
Umzila oluhlaza omnyama (ongwevu emva kokulungiswa komfanekiso kunye nokunyanzeliswa) bubuncinane bokuphendula okuphindaphindiweyo, ngokulandelanayo.
Umlinganiselo we-Antenna VSWR
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ekuqaleni kokuphononongwa, esi sixhobo sinamandla okudibanisa i-coupler yangaphandle eNgqo, okanye ibhuloho yokulinganisa enikezelwa ngokwahlukileyo (kodwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2,7 GHz). Isoftware ibonelela ngolungelelwaniso lwe-OSL ukubonisa kwisixhobo indawo yesalathiso ye-VSWR.
Iboniswe apha i-coupler eyalathiswayo enezigaba ezizinzileyo zokulinganisa imilinganiselo, kodwa sele ikhutshiwe kwisixhobo emva kokugqiba imilinganiselo ye-SWR. Kodwa apha iboniswe kwindawo eyandisiweyo, ngoko ungayihoyi ukungafani kunye noqhagamshelwano olubonakalayo. I-coupler yesalathiso iqhagamshelwe ngasekhohlo kwesixhobo, kodwa iguqulwe ngokumakisha ngasemva. Emva koko ukubonelela nge-wave yesiganeko kwi-generator (i-port ephezulu) kunye nokususa i-wave ebonakalisiweyo kwigalelo le-analyzer (i-port ephantsi) iya kusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
Iifoto ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo zibonisa umzekelo wonxibelelwano olunjalo kunye nomlinganiselo we-VSWR ye-antenna elinganiswe ngaphambili ngasentla kwisetyhula ye-polarization yohlobo lwe "Clover", uluhlu lwe-5,8 GHz.
Ekubeni obu buchule bokulinganisa i-VSWR abukho phakathi kweenjongo eziphambili zesi sixhobo, kodwa nangona kunjalo kukho imibuzo efanelekileyo malunga nayo (njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-screenshot yokufundwa komboniso). Isikali esichazwe ngokungqongqo nesingenakuguqulwa sokubonisa igrafu yeVSWR, enexabiso elikhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyunithi ezi-6. Nangona igrafu ibonisa malunga nomboniso ochanekileyo we-VSWR ijika le-eriyali, ngesizathu esithile ixabiso elichanekileyo kwisiphawuli aliboniswa kwixabiso lamanani, ishumi kunye nekhulu lekhulu aliboniswa. Kuphela amaxabiso apheleleyo aboniswayo, afana no-1, 2, 3... Kushiyeke, ngokungathi kunjalo, ukujongelwa phantsi kwesiphumo somlinganiselo.
Nangona kuqikelelo olurhabaxa, ukuqonda ngokubanzi ukuba i-eriyali iyasebenziseka okanye yonakele, kwamkelekile kakhulu. Kodwa uhlengahlengiso oluhle ekusebenzeni nge-antenna kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukwenza, nangona kunokwenzeka.
Ukulinganisa ukuchaneka kwejeneretha eyakhelweyo
Kanye njenge-refleometer, apha, kwakhona, zi-2 kuphela iindawo zokuchaneka ezichazwe kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa.
Nangona kunjalo, akunangqondo ukulindela ukuba isixhobo sepokotho yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali siya kuba nomgangatho we-rubidium frequency ebhodini. *imvakalelo yoncumo*
Kodwa nangona kunjalo, umfundi onomdla uya kuba nomdla kubukhulu bempazamo kwijenereyitha encinci enjalo. Kodwa ekubeni imitha yokulinganisa echanekileyo eqinisekisiweyo yayifumaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250 MHz, ndiye ndazikhawulela ekujongeni amaza ama-4 kuphela ezantsi kuluhlu, ukuze ndiqonde imeko yempazamo, ukuba ikhona. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iifoto ezisuka kwesinye isixhobo nazo zalungiswa kumaza aphezulu. Kodwa ukugcina indawo kwinqaku, nazo azizange zibandakanywe kolu hlaziyo, ngenxa yokuqinisekiswa kwexabiso lepesenti elilinganayo leempazamo ezikhoyo kumadijithi asezantsi.
Iifoto ezine zeefrikhwensi ezine zaqokelelwa kumfanekiso we-gif, kwakhona ukugcina indawo: 50,00; 100,00; 150,00 kunye 200,00 MHz
Intsingiselo kunye nobukhulu bempazamo ekhoyo bubonakala ngokucacileyo:
I-50,00 MHz inokugqithisa okuncinci kwi-frequency generator, oko kukuthi kwi-954 Hz.
100,00 MHz, ngokulandelelanayo, kancinci, +1,79 KHz.
150,00 MHz, nangaphezulu +1,97 KHz
200,00 MHz, +3,78 KHz
Ukuqhubela phambili, i-frequency yalinganiswa ngumhlalutyi weGenCom, oye wajika waba nemitha elungileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ijenereyitha eyakhelwe kwi-GenCom ayizange inikeze i-800 hertz kwi-frequency ye-50,00 MHz, ngoko ayisiyiyo kuphela imitha yangaphandle ebonisa oku, kodwa i-spectrum analyzer ngokwayo ilinganisa isixa esifanayo:
Apha ngezantsi kukho enye yeefoto zomboniso, kunye nesantya esilinganiselweyo sejeneretha eyakhelwe kwi-SSA-TG R2, kusetyenziswa uluhlu oluphakathi lwe-Wi-Fi lwe-2450 MHz njengomzekelo:
Ukunciphisa indawo kwinqaku, andizange ndithumele ezinye iifoto ezifanayo zomboniso;
Kwi-frequency ye-433,00 MHz, ukugqithisa kwaba + 7,92 KHz.
Kwi-frequency ye-1200,00 MHz, = +22,4 KHz.
Kwi-frequency ye-2450,00 MHz, = +42,8 KHz (kwisithombe sangaphambili)
Kwi-frequency ye-3999,50 MHz, = +71,6 KHz.
Kodwa nangona kunjalo, iindawo ezimbini zedesimali ezichazwe kwinkcazelo yomzi-mveliso zigcinwa ngokucacileyo kulo lonke uluhlu.
Uthelekiso lomlinganiselo wobungakanani bomqondiso
Umfanekiso we-gif oboniswe ngezantsi uqulethe iifoto ze-6 apho i-Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyzer ngokwayo ilinganisa i-oscillator yayo kwiifrikhwensi ezintandathu ezikhethiweyo.
50 MHz -8,1 dBm; 200 MHz -9,0 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,6 dBm;
2500 MHz -9,1 dBm; 3999 MHz - 5,1 dBm; 5800 MHz -9,1 dBm
Nangona ubuninzi be-amplitude yejenereyitha buchazwa ukuba abukho ngaphezu kwe-15 dBm, eneneni amanye amaxabiso ayabonakala.
Ukufumana izizathu zolu phawu lwe-amplitude, imilinganiselo ithathwe kwi-Arinst SSA-TG R2 generator, kwi-sensor ye-Anritsu MA24106A echanekileyo, kunye ne-calibration zeroing kumthwalo ohambelanayo, ngaphambi kokuqala imilinganiselo. Kwakhona, ixesha ngalinye ixabiso le-frequency lingeniswa, ukuchaneka komlinganiso kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-coefficients, ngokuhambelana netheyibhile yokulungisa i-frequency kunye nobushushu obuthungwe kwi-factory.
35 MHz -9,04 dBm; 200 MHz -9,12 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,06 dBm;
2500 MHz -8,96 dBm; 3999 MHz - 7,48 dBm; 5800 MHz -7,02 dBm
Njengoko ubona, amaxabiso ophawu lweamplitude eveliswe yijenereyitha eyakhelweyo kwi-SSA-TG R2, umhlalutyi ulinganisa ngokundilisekileyo (kwiklasi yokuchaneka kwe-amateur). Kwaye i-amplitude yejeneretha eboniswe ezantsi kwesiboniso sesixhobo ijika "itsalwa" ngokulula, kuba eneneni yavela ivelisa inqanaba eliphezulu kunokuba kufanelekile kwimida ehlengahlengiswayo ukusuka kwi--15 ukuya kwi-25 dBm.
Ndaba namathandabuzo achwechwelayo ukuba ingaba i-sensor entsha ye-Anritsu MA24106A yayilahlekisa, ngoko ke ndenze uthelekiso kunye nesinye isihlalutyi senkqubo yelabhoratri evela kwiGeneral Dynamics, imodeli eyi-R2670B.
Kodwa hayi, umahluko kwi-amplitude ubonakale ungekho mkhulu kwaphela, ngaphakathi kwe-0,3 dBm.
Imitha yamandla kwi-GenCom 747A nayo yabonisa, kungekude, ukuba kukho inqanaba elingaphezulu ukusuka kwijenereyitha:
Kodwa kwinqanaba le-0 dBm, i-Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyzer ngesizathu esithile igqithise kancinane izibonakaliso ze-amplitude, kunye nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yesignali kunye ne-0 dBm.
Ngelo xesha, i-sensor ye-Anritsu MA24106A ibonisa i-0,01 dBm ukusuka kwi-Anritsu ML4803A calibrator.
Ukulungelelanisa ixabiso lokunciphisa i-attenuator kwisikrini sokuchukumisa ngomnwe wakho akuzange kubonakale kulula kakhulu, kuba iteyiphu enoluhlu iyatsiba okanye ihlala ibuyela kwixabiso eligqithisileyo. Kuye kwaba lula ngakumbi kwaye kuchaneka ngakumbi ukusebenzisa i-stylus yakudala kule nto:
Xa ujonga i-harmonics yesiginali ye-frequency ephantsi ye-50 MHz, phantse ngaphezulu kwebhendi yokusebenza ye-analyzer (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4 GHz), "i-anomaly" ethile ifunyenwe kumaza amalunga ne-760 MHz:
Ngebhendi ebanzi kwifrikhwensi ephezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6035 MHz), ukuze i-Spani ibe yi-6000 MHz ngqo, i-anomaly iyabonakala:
Ngaphezu koko, umqondiso ofanayo, ovela kwijenereyitha enye eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwi-SSA-TG R2, xa isondliwa kwesinye isixhobo, ayinakho okungaqhelekanga:
Ukuba le mpazamo ayizange ibonwe kwenye i-analyzer, ke ingxaki ayikho kwi-generator, kodwa kwi-analyzer ye-spectrum.
I-attenuator eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokunciphisa i-amplitude ye-generator iyancipha ngokucacileyo kwinqanaba le-1 dB, onke amanyathelo ayo ali-10. Apha ezantsi kwesikrini unokubona ngokucacileyo umkhondo onyuliweyo kumda wexesha, obonisa ukusebenza komtsalane:
Ukushiya i-port ye-output ye-generator kunye ne-port input ye-analyzer edibeneyo, ndacima isixhobo. Ngosuku olulandelayo, xa ndayivula, ndafumana isiginali eneeharmonics eziqhelekileyo kwisantya esinomdla se-777,00 MHz:
Kwangaxeshanye, ijenereyitha yayishiywe icinyiwe. Emva kokujonga imenyu, ivaliwe ngokwenene. Kwithiyori, akukho nto ibifanele ukuba ibonakale kwimveliso yejeneretha ukuba ibicinyiwe ngosuku olungaphambili. Kuye kwafuneka ndiyilayite nanini na kwimenyu yejeneretha, emva koko ndiyicime. Emva kwesi senzo, i-frequency engaqhelekanga iyanyamalala kwaye ayibonakali kwakhona, kodwa kuphela kude kube lixesha elizayo isixhobo sonke sivuliwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo kwi-firmware elandelayo umenzi uya kulungisa ukuzitshintshela okunjalo kwimveliso ye-generator ecinyiweyo. Kodwa ukuba akukho ntambo phakathi kwamachweba, ngoko akubonakali konke ukuba kukho into engalunganga, ngaphandle kokuba inqanaba lengxolo liphezulu kancinane. Kwaye emva kokuvula nokucima ijeneretha ngenkani, inqanaba lengxolo liba ngaphantsi kancinane, kodwa ngexabiso elingabonakaliyo. Le yingxaki encinci yokusebenza, isisombululo esithatha imizuzwana emi-3 eyongezelelweyo emva kokuguqula isixhobo.
Ingaphakathi le-Arinst SSA-TG R2 iboniswe kwiifoto ezintathu eziqokelelwe kwi-gif:
Ukuthelekisa imilinganiselo kunye ne-Arinst SSA Pro yokuhlalutya i-spectrum yakudala, ene-smartphone phezulu njengomboniso:
Iinkonzo:
Njengakwi-Arinst VR 23-6200 reflectometer yangaphambili kuphononongo, umhlalutyi we-Arinst SSA-TG R2 ophononongwe apha, ukwimeko efanayo kanye nobukhulu, umncedisi omncinci kodwa onzulu kakhulu we-amateur yerediyo. Kananjalo ayifuni imiboniso yangaphandle kwikhompyuter okanye i-smartphone njengeemodeli zangaphambili ze-SSA.
Uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu, olungenamthungo kunye nolungenakuphazamiseka, ukusuka kwi-35 ukuya kwi-6200 MHz.
Andizange ndifunde ubomi bebhetri obuchanekileyo, kodwa amandla ebhetri ye-lithium eyakhelweyo anele ubomi obude bebhetri.
Impazamo encinci kwimilinganiselo yesixhobo seklasi encinci. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kwinqanaba le-amateur lingaphezulu kokwaneleyo.
Ixhaswa ngumenzi, zombini kunye ne-firmware kunye nokulungiswa komzimba, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Sele ifumaneka ngokubanzi ukuba ithengwe, oko kukuthi, hayi ngomyalelo, njengoko kunjalo ngamanye amaxesha kwabanye abavelisi.
Ukungalungi kuye kwaqatshelwa:
Ukungachazwanga kunye nokungabhalwanga, ukunikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo komqondiso kunye ne-frequency ye-777,00 MHz kwimveliso ye-generator. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukungaqondani okunjalo kuya kupheliswa nge-firmware elandelayo. Nangona uyayazi malunga neli nqaku, linokupheliswa ngokulula kwimizuzwana emi-3 ngokuvula nokucima ijeneretha eyakhelweyo.
Isikrini esichukumisayo sithatha kancinane ukuqhela, kuba isilayidi asivuli ngoko nangoko onke amaqhosha enyani ukuba uyawahambisa. Kodwa ukuba awuhambisani nezilayidi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza nqakraza kwindawo yokugqibela, ngoko yonke into isebenza ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo. Oku ayisikuthathi, kodwa "uphawu" lolawulo oluzotyiweyo, ngokukodwa kwimenyu ye-generator kunye nesilayidi solawulo lwe-attenuator.
Xa uqhagamshelwe ngeBluetooth, umhlalutyi ubonakala eqhagamshele ngempumelelo kwi-smartphone, kodwa ayibonisi umkhondo wegrafu yokuphendula rhoqo, njenge-SSA Pro yakudala, umzekelo. Xa udibanisa, zonke iimfuno zemiyalelo zabonwa ngokupheleleyo, ezichazwe kwicandelo 8 lemiyalelo yefektri.
Ndacinga ukuba ekubeni igama eligqithisiweyo lamkelwe, ukuqinisekiswa kokutshintsha kuboniswa kwisikrini se-smartphone, mhlawumbi lo msebenzi ungowokuphucula i-firmware nge-smartphone.
Kodwa hayi.
Inqaku lomyalelo 8.2.6 lichaza ngokucacileyo:
8.2.6. Isixhobo siya kuqhagamshela kwithebhulethi/i-smartphone, igrafu ye-spectrum yesiginali kunye nomyalezo wolwazi malunga nokuqhagamshelwa kwisixhobo ConnectedtoARINST_SSA iya kuvela kwisikrini, njengakuMfanekiso 28. (c)
Ewe, isiqinisekiso siyavela, kodwa akukho mkhondo.
Ndaphinda ndaqhagamshelwa izihlandlo ezininzi, sihlandlo ngasinye ingoma ingaveli. Kwaye ukusuka kwi-SSA Pro endala, ngoko nangoko.
Enye into engeloncedo ngokwe “versatility” edume kakubi, ngenxa yokuthintelwa komda osezantsi wokuhanjiswa kwamaza okusebenza, ayifanelanga i-shortwave radio amateurs. Kwi-RC FPV, bazanelisa ngokupheleleyo nangokupheleleyo iimfuno zabangabasafundanga kunye nabalungileyo, nangaphezulu koko.
Izigqibo:
Ngokubanzi, zombini ezi zixhobo zishiye umbono olungileyo, kuba zibonelela ngenkqubo yokulinganisa epheleleyo, ubuncinci nakwizifundiswa zikanomathotholo ezihambele phambili. Umgaqo-nkqubo wamaxabiso awuxoxwa apha, kodwa nangona kunjalo ungaphantsi ngokuphawulekayo kunezinye ii-analogues ezikufutshane kwimarike kwinqanaba elibanzi neliqhubekayo, elingenako ukuvuya.
Injongo yokuphononongwa yayikuthelekisa ezi zixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezingaphezulu, kunye nokubonelela abafundi ngezithombe ezibonisa umboniso wesithombe, ukwenzela ukuba benze uluvo lwabo kwaye benze isigqibo esizimeleyo malunga nokwenzeka kokufunyanwa. Akukho sizathu sokuba kubhengezwe kwaphunyezwa. Kuphela luvavanyo lomntu wesithathu kunye nokupapashwa kweziphumo zoqwalaselo.
umthombo: www.habr.com