Mholo! Ndifuna ukuxelela ngamagama alula malunga nobuchwephesha bokuvela kobusela ngaphakathi koomatshini obubonakalayo kunye nezinto ezithile ezingacacanga esiye sakwazi ukuzifumana ngexesha lophando lwakhe, endiye kwafuneka ndingene kulo njengomlawuli wezobugcisa weqonga lelifu. . Iqonga liqhuba kwi-KVM.
Ixesha lokweba i-CPU lixesha apho umatshini wenyani ungafumani izixhobo zeprosesa ngokuqhutywa kwayo. Eli xesha liqwalaselwa kuphela kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeendwendwe kwiindawo zokubona. Izizathu zokuba ezi zibonelelo zoncedo zisiya phi, njengakubomi, azicacanga kakhulu. Kodwa siye sagqiba ekubeni siyiqonde, siseta neqela leemvavanyo. Asikuko ukuba ngoku siyazi yonke into malunga nokuba, kodwa siza kukuxelela into enomdla ngoku.
1. Yintoni ubusela
Ke, ubusela yimetric ebonisa ukunqongophala kwexesha leprosesa yeenkqubo ngaphakathi kumatshini obonakalayo. Njengoko kuchaziwe , ubusela sisixa sexesha i-hypervisor isenza ezinye iinkqubo kwinginginya ye-OS nangona imise umgca inkqubo yomatshini wenyani wokuphunyezwa. Oko kukuthi, ubusela bubalwa njengomahluko phakathi kwexesha apho inkqubo ilungele ukusebenza kunye nexesha apho inkqubo yabelwe ixesha le-CPU.
I-kernel yomatshini wenyani ifumana i-metric eba kwi-hypervisor. Kwangaxeshanye, i-hypervisor ayichazi ukuba zeziphi ezinye iinkqubo ezenzayo, nje βngelixa ndixakekileyo, andinakukunika ixesha.β Kwi-KVM, inkxaso yokubala ubusela yongezwa kuyo . Kukho amanqaku amabini abalulekileyo apha:
- Umatshini wenyani ufunda malunga nokuba kwi-hypervisor. Oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ilahleko, kwiinkqubo kumatshini obonakalayo ngokwawo, lo ngumlinganiselo ongathanga ngqo, onokuthi ube phantsi kokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukeneyo.
- I-hypervisor ayabelani ngolwazi kunye nomatshini wenyani malunga nenye into eyenzayo - into ephambili kukuba ayinikeli ixesha kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, umatshini obonakalayo ngokwawo awukwazi ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwisalathisi sokubiwa, esinokuvavanywa ngohlobo lweenkqubo ezikhuphisanayo.
2. Yintoni echaphazela ubusela
2.1. Ukubala
Ngapha koko, ubusela bujongwa ngendlela efanayo nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokusetyenziswa kweCPU. Akukho ngcaciso ingako malunga nokuba kuqwalaselwa njani na ukurisayikilishwa. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba uninzi luwujonga lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo. Kodwa apha, kwakhona, kukho imigibe. Ukuze ufumane isishwankathelo sale nkqubo, funda : uya kufunda malunga neqela lee-nuances xa ubala ukusetyenziswa kunye neemeko apho olu balo luya kuba nempazamo ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Ukushisa okugqithisileyo kweprosesa, apho imijikelo itsitywayo.
- Yenza/ukhubaze i-turbo boost, etshintsha i-process clock frequency.
- Utshintsho kubude besilayi sexesha olwenzeka xa usebenzisa itekhnoloji yokonga amandla eprosesa njengeSpeedStep.
- Ukubalwa kwengxaki ephakathi: uqikelelo lomzuzu omnye wokusetyenziswa kwe-80% lunokufihla ukuqhuma kwexesha elifutshane le-100%.
- I-spin lock ibangela ukuba iprosesa ibuyiselwe, kodwa inkqubo yomsebenzisi ayiboni nkqubela phambili ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqikelelwa kokusetyenziswa kweprosesa ngenkqubo kuya kuba yi-XNUMX%, nangona inkqubo ayiyi kudla ixesha lokuqhuba.
Andizange ndifumane inqaku elichaza ukubala okufanayo kobusela (ukuba uyazi, yabelana ngayo kwizimvo). Kodwa, ngokujonga imithombo, indlela yokubala iyafana neyokurisayikilishwa kwakhona. Yinto yokuba enye ikhawunta yongezwa kwi-kernel, ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo ye-KVM (inkqubo yomatshini ebonakalayo), ebala ixesha lenkqubo ye-KVM kwiprosesa yexesha lokulinda. Ikhawuntara ithatha ulwazi malunga neprosesa kwiinkcukacha zayo kwaye ibone ukuba onke amakhalane ayo asetyenziswa yinkqubo yomatshini wenyani. Ukuba yonke into, ngoko sicinga ukuba iprosesa yasebenza kuphela kwinkqubo yomatshini wenyani. Ngaphandle koko, sazisa ukuba iprosesa yayenza enye into, kwavela ubusela.
Inkqubo yokubala ubusela ixhomekeke kwiingxaki ezifanayo nesiqhelo sokubala. Asithethi ukuba iingxaki ezinjalo zivela rhoqo, kodwa zibonakala zidimaza.
2.2. Iintlobo ze-virtualization kwi-KVM
Ngokubanzi, kukho iindidi ezintathu zokubonwayo, kwaye zonke zixhaswa yi-KVM. Indlela yokwenzeka kobusela inokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokubonwa.
Usasazo. Kule meko, umsebenzi wenkqubo yokusebenza yomatshini wenyani kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo ze-hypervisor uhamba ngolu hlobo:
- Inkqubo yokusebenza yeendwendwe ithumela umyalelo kwisixhobo sayo sondwendwe.
- Umqhubi wesixhobo seendwendwe ufumana umyalelo, enze isicelo se-BIOS yesixhobo, kwaye ayithumele kwi-hypervisor.
- Inkqubo ye-hypervisor iguqulela umyalelo kumyalelo wesixhobo somzimba, okwenza ukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zikhuseleke ngakumbi.
- Umqhubi wesixhobo esibonakalayo wamkela umyalelo olungisiweyo kwaye awuthumele kwisixhobo esibonakalayo ngokwaso.
- Iziphumo zokwenza imiyalelo zibuyela umva ngendlela enye.
Inzuzo yokuguqulela kukuba ikuvumela ukuba ulinganise nayiphi na ifowuni kwaye ayifuni ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo kwe-kernel yenkqubo yokusebenza. Kodwa kufuneka uhlawule oku, okokuqala, ngokukhawuleza.
I-Hardware virtualization. Kule meko, isixhobo kwinqanaba le-hardware liqonda imiyalelo evela kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Le yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo nelungileyo. Kodwa, ngelishwa, ayixhaswanga zizo zonke izixhobo zomzimba, ii-hypervisors kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zeendwendwe. Okwangoku, izixhobo eziphambili ezixhasa i-hardware ye-virtualization zi-processors.
IParavirtualization. Olona khetho luxhaphakileyo lwesixhobo sokujonga isixhobo kwi-KVM kwaye ngokubanzi eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokwenziwa kweendwendwe kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeendwendwe. Ubuqhetseba bayo kukuba ukusebenza kunye ne-hypervisor subsystems (umzekelo, kunye nenethiwekhi okanye istaki sediski) okanye unikezelo lwamaphepha ememori kwenzeka usebenzisa i-hypervisor API, ngaphandle kokuguqulelwa kwemiyalelo yenqanaba elisezantsi. Ukungalungi kwale ndlela ye-virtualization kukuba i-kernel yokusebenza yeendwendwe idinga ukulungiswa ukuze ikwazi ukunxibelelana ne-hypervisor isebenzisa le API. Kodwa oku kudla ngokusonjululwa ngokufaka abaqhubi abakhethekileyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza yeendwendwe. Kwi-KVM le API ibizwa ngokuba .
Nge-paravirtualization, xa kuthelekiswa nokuguqulelwa, indlela eya kwisixhobo somzimba iyancipha kakhulu ngokuthumela imiyalelo ngokuthe ngqo kumatshini wenyani ukuya kwinkqubo ye-hypervisor kwinginginya. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukhawulezise ukuphunyezwa kwayo yonke imiyalelo ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani. Kwi-KVM, i-virtio API inoxanduva lwale nto, esebenza kuphela kwizixhobo ezithile, ezifana nenethiwekhi okanye i-adapter yediski. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaqhubi be-virtio befakwe ngaphakathi koomatshini benyani.
Icala elingemva koku kukhawuleziswa kukuba ayizizo zonke iinkqubo ezihamba ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani ezihlala ngaphakathi kuwo. Oku kudala iziphumo ezikhethekileyo ezinokubangela ukuba kubonakale ubusela. Ndincoma ukuqala uphononongo oluneenkcukacha ngalo mba .
2.3. "Fair" ukucwangcisa
Umatshini obonakalayo kwi-hypervisor, enyanisweni, yinkqubo eqhelekileyo ethobela imithetho yokucwangcisa (ukusasazwa kwemithombo phakathi kweenkqubo) kwi-Linux kernel, ngoko ke makhe siyijonge ngakumbi.
I-Linux isebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-CFS, uMcwangcisi oMhle ngokugqibeleleyo, othe waba ngumcwangcisi ongagqibekanga ukusukela kwi-kernel 2.6.23. Ukuqonda le algorithm, unokufunda iLinux Kernel Architecture okanye umthombo. Undoqo weCFS ulele ekusasazweni kwexesha leprosesa phakathi kweenkqubo ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lokwenziwa kwazo. Ixesha elininzi le-CPU inkqubo ifuna, kokukhona ixesha le-CPU lincinci elifumanayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa "kokufanelekileyo" kwazo zonke iinkqubo - ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo enye ingathathi zonke iiprosesa ngamaxesha onke, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zinokuphunyezwa.
Ngamanye amaxesha le paradigm ikhokelela kwizinto ezinomdla. Abasebenzisi bexesha elide be-Linux baya kukhumbula ngokuqinisekileyo ukukhenkcezwa komhleli wombhalo oqhelekileyo kwi-desktop ngexesha lokuphehlelelwa kwezicelo ezinobutyebi ezifana nomqokeleli. Oku kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi engeyiyo yobutyebi-nzulu yezicelo zedesktop zikhuphisane nemisebenzi edla ngokukhutheleyo izixhobo, ezinjengomqokeleli. I-CFS icinga ukuba oku akulunganga, ngoko imisa ngamaxesha athile umhleli wokubhaliweyo kwaye ivumele umqhubekekisi ukuba aphathe imisebenzi yomqokeleli. Oku kwalungiswa ngomatshini , kodwa ezinye izinto ezininzi zokusasazwa kwexesha leprosesa phakathi kwemisebenzi yahlala. Enyanisweni, eli bali alikho malunga nokuba kubi kangakanani yonke into kwi-CFS, kodwa umzamo wokutsalela ingqalelo kwinto yokuba ukusasazwa "kokulunga" kwexesha leprosesa akuwona umsebenzi omncinci kakhulu.
Enye inqaku elibalulekileyo kumcwangcisi kukulungiselela. Oku kuyimfuneko ukukhupha inkqubo ye-snickering kwiprosesa kwaye uvumele abanye basebenze. Inkqubo yokugxothwa ibizwa ngokuba yimeko yokutshintsha, iprosesa yemeko yokutshintsha. Ngelo xesha, umxholo wonke womsebenzi ugcinwa: imeko ye-stack, iirejista, njl., emva koko inkqubo ithunyelwa ukuba ilinde, kwaye enye ithatha indawo yayo. Lo ngumsebenzi obiza kakhulu kwi-OS, kwaye ayifane isetyenziswe, kodwa eneneni akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngayo. Ukutshintsha imeko rhoqo kunokubonisa ingxaki kwi-OS, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo iqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ayibonisi nto ngokukodwa.
Ibali elide elinjalo liyafuneka ukucacisa inyani enye: okukhona izixhobo zomprosesa inkqubo izama ukuzisebenzisa kumcwangcisi othembekileyo weLinux, ngokukhawuleza iya kumiswa ukuze ezinye iinkqubo zisebenze. Ingaba oku kulungile okanye akunjalo ngumbuzo onzima, osombululwa ngokwahlukileyo phantsi kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo. Kwi-Windows, kude kube kutshanje, umcwangcisi wayegxile ekuqhubeni phambili kwezicelo zedesktop, ezinokubangela ukuba iinkqubo zangasemva zijinga. I-Sun Solaris yayineeklasi ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo zabacwangcisi. Xa kwasungulwa i-virtualization, kongezwa eyesithandathu, kuba ezihlanu zangaphambili azisebenzi ngokwaneleyo ngeSolaris Zones virtualization. Ndincoma ukuqalisa uphononongo olubanzi lwalo mbandela ngeencwadi ezifana okanye .
2.4. Indlela yokubeka iliso ukuba?
Ukubeka esweni ubusela ngaphakathi kumatshini obonakalayo, njengayo nayiphi na enye i-metric yeprosesa, ilula: ungasebenzisa nasiphi na isixhobo semetric yeprosesa. Into ephambili kukuba umatshini wenyani kufuneka ube kwiLinux. Ngesizathu esithile, iWindows ayiboneleli ngolwazi olunjalo kubasebenzisi bayo. π
Imveliso yomyalelo ophezulu: ichaza umthwalo kwiprosesa, kwikholamu ekunene-uba
Ubunzima buvela xa uzama ukufumana olu lwazi kwi-hypervisor. Unokuzama ukuqikelela ukubiwa kumatshini wokusingatha, umzekelo, ngoMyinge woMyinge woMyinge (LA) ipharamitha - ixabiso eliphakathi kwenani leenkqubo ezilindileyo kumgca wophumezo. Indlela yokubala le parameter ayilula, kodwa ngokubanzi, ukuba i-LA iqheleke ngenani lemisonto yeprosesa inkulu kuno-1, oku kubonisa ukuba umncedisi we Linux ugcwele into ethile.
Zilinde ntoni zonke ezi nkqubo? Impendulo ecacileyo ziiprosesa. Kodwa impendulo ayichanekanga ngokupheleleyo, kuba ngamanye amaxesha iprosesa isimahla, kwaye i-LA iyahamba isikali. Khumbula . Ngokumalunga okufanayo kunokuba nediski, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokufaka / zemveliso. Kodwa eneneni, iinkqubo zinokulinda ukuphela kwaso nasiphi na isitshixo, zombini, ehambelana nesixhobo se-I / O, kunye nengqiqo, njengesimumu. Kwakhona kubandakanya ukukhiya kwinqanaba le-hardware (impendulo efanayo kwidiski), okanye i-logic (into ebizwa ngokuba yi-locking primitives, equka i-bunch of entities, i-mutex adaptive and spin, semaphores, variables condition, rw locks, ipc locks. ..).
Olunye uphawu lwe-LA kukuba ithathwa njengexabiso eliphakathi kwenkqubo yokusebenza. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ezili-100 zikhuphisana ngefayile enye, kwaye ke LA=50. Ixabiso elikhulu kangaka, kubonakala ngathi, libonisa ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza imbi. Kodwa kwenye ikhowudi ebhaliweyo egwenxa, oku kunokuba yimeko eqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo nje kubi, kwaye ezinye iinkqubo kwinkqubo yokusebenza azihlupheki.
Ngenxa yalo mndilili (kwaye ungekho ngaphantsi komzuzu), ukumisela nantoni na ngokwemiqathango ye-LA akuwona umsebenzi ovuzayo, kunye neziphumo ezingaqinisekanga kakhulu kwiimeko ezithile. Ukuba uzama ukuyiqonda, uya kufumanisa ukuba amanqaku kwi-Wikipedia kunye nezinye izixhobo ezikhoyo zichaza kuphela iimeko ezilula, ngaphandle kwenkcazo enzulu yenkqubo. Ndithumela bonke abanomdla, kwakhona, - landela amakhonkco. Ngubani owonqenayo ngesiNgesi - .
3. Iziphumo ezizodwa
Ngoku makhe sijonge amatyala obusela esiye sadibana nawo. Ndiza kukuxelela indlela abalandela ngayo kuzo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla kunye nendlela abanxibelelana ngayo nezikhombisi kwi-hypervisor.
Ukurisayikilisha. Eyona nto ilula kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu: i-hypervisor iphinda isetyenziswe. Enyanisweni, kukho ubuninzi bokuqhuba oomatshini ababonakalayo, ukusetyenziswa kweprosesa ephezulu ngaphakathi kwabo, ukhuphiswano oluninzi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-LA kukhulu kuno-1 (oqhelekileyo yintambo yeprosesa). Ngaphakathi kuyo yonke i-virtualok yonke into iyacotha. Ubusela obuthunyelwa kwi-hypervisor bukhula, kuyimfuneko ukuphinda usasaze umthwalo okanye ucime umntu. Ngokubanzi, yonke into isengqiqweni kwaye iyaqondakala.
IParavirtualization ngokuchasene nemizekelo eyedwa. Kukho umatshini omnye kuphela wenyani kwi-hypervisor, idla inxalenye encinci yayo, kodwa inika i-I / O enkulu, umzekelo, kwidiski. Kwaye ukusuka kwenye indawo intshontsho elincinci livela kuyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10% (njengoko imifuniselo emininzi ibonisa).
Ityala linomdla. Ubusela buvela apha ngenxa nje yezitshixo kwinqanaba labaqhubi beparavirtualized. Ukuphazamiseka kwenziwa ngaphakathi kumatshini obonakalayo, oqhutywe ngumqhubi kwaye uya kwi-hypervisor. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwi-hypervisor, oku kujongeka njengesicelo esithunyelwe kumatshini obonakalayo, ulungele ukwenziwa kwaye ulinde iprosesa, kodwa ayinikwanga ixesha leprosesa. Umatshini wenyani ucinga ukuba eli xesha libiwe.
Oku kwenzeka ngelixa i-buffer ithunyelwa, iya kwindawo ye-kernel ye-hypervisor, kwaye siqala ukuyilinda. Nangona, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umatshini obonakalayo, kufuneka abuyele ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ngokwe-algorithm yokubala, eli xesha lithathwa njengebiwe. Okunokwenzeka, kunokubakho ezinye iindlela kule meko (umzekelo, ukucubungula ezinye iifowuni ze-sys), kodwa akufuneki zahluke kakhulu.
Umcwangcisi ngokuchasene noomatshini benyani abagcweleyo. Xa omnye umatshini wenyani unengxaki yobusela ngaphezu kwabanye, oku kubangelwa ngokuchanekileyo ngumcwangcisi. Okukhona inkqubo ilayisha ngakumbi iprosesa, kokukhona umcwangcisi uya kuyikhaba ngokukhawuleza ukuze abanye bakwazi ukusebenza. Ukuba umatshini wenyani udla kancinci, kuya kuba nzima ukubona ubusela: inkqubo yakhe yahlala ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye yalinda, kufuneka inikwe ixesha elingakumbi. Ukuba umatshini wenyani uvelisa owona mthwalo uphezulu kuzo zonke iicores zawo, uhlala ukhatyelwa ngaphandle kweprosesa kwaye bazama ukungawuniki ixesha elininzi.
Okubi nakakhulu, xa iinkqubo ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani zizama ukufumana iprosesa engaphezulu, kuba ayikwazi ukujamelana nokucutshungulwa kwedatha. Emva koko inkqubo yokusebenza kwi-hypervisor, ngenxa yokunyaniseka ngokunyanisekileyo, iya kunika ixesha elincinci kunye nelincinci leprosesa. Le nkqubo yenzeka njenge-avalanche, kunye nokutsibela esibhakabhakeni, nangona abanye oomatshini benyani besenokungayiboni loo nto. Kwaye ama-cores angaphezulu, ngakumbi umatshini owawa phantsi kosasazo. Ngamafutshane, oomatshini abalayishwe kakhulu abanee-cores ezininzi bahlupheka kakhulu.
I-LA ephantsi, kodwa kukho ukubiwa. Ukuba i-LA imalunga ne-0,7 (oko kukuthi, i-hypervisor ibonakala ilayishwe phantsi), kodwa ubusela bujongwa ngaphakathi koomatshini bomntu ngamnye:
- Inketho esele ichazwe ngasentla ngeparavirtualization. Umatshini wenyani unokufumana iimethrikhi ezibonisa ubusela, nangona i-hypervisor iqhuba kakuhle. Ngokweziphumo zovavanyo lwethu, olu khetho lobusela aludluli i-10% kwaye alufanele lube nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesicelo ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani.
- I-parameter ye-LA ithathwa njengengalunganga. Ngokuchanekileyo, kumzuzu ngamnye ithathwa njengechanekileyo, kodwa xa i-avareji ngomzuzu omnye, ijika ijongelwe phantsi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba omnye umatshini we-virtual kwi-third ye-hypervisor udla zonke iiprosesa zesiqingatha somzuzu, ngoko i-LA ngomzuzu kwi-hypervisor iya kuba yi-0,15; oomatshini abane abanjalo abasebenza ngaxeshanye baya kunika 0,6. Kwaye into yokuba isiqingatha somzuzu ngamnye kubo kwakukho intshontsho yasendle kwi-25% ngokwemiqathango ye-LA, ayinakuphinda ikhutshwe.
- Kwakhona, ngenxa yomcwangcisi ogqibe ekubeni umntu udla kakhulu, kwaye lo mntu makalinde. Okwangoku, ndiza kutshintsha umxholo, ndibambe iziphazamisi kwaye ndihoye ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, abanye oomatshini benyani ababoni naziphi na iingxaki, ngelixa abanye bafumana ukuthotywa kokusebenza okunzulu.
4. Okunye ukugqwetha
Kukho esinye isizathu esisisigidi sokugqwetha ukubuya okunyanisekileyo kwexesha leprosesa kumatshini wenyani. Umzekelo, i-hyperthreading kunye ne-NUMA zongeza ubunzima kwizibalo. Badibanisa ngokupheleleyo ukhetho lwe-kernel yokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo, kuba umcwangcisi usebenzisa i-coefficients - izisindo, ezithi, xa utshintshe umxholo, wenze ukubala kube nzima ngakumbi.
Kukho izinto ezigqwethekileyo ngenxa yetekhnoloji efana ne-turbo boost okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, imowudi yokonga amandla, ethi, xa kubalwa ukusetyenziswa, inokonyusa okanye inciphise i-frequency okanye i-quantum yexesha kwiseva. Ukuvumela i-turbo boost kunciphisa ukusebenza komsonto omnye weprosesa ngenxa yokwanda kokusebenza kwenye. Okwangoku, ulwazi malunga ne-frequency yeprosesa yangoku ayithunyelwa kumatshini wenyani, kwaye ikholelwa ukuba umntu ubamba ixesha layo (umzekelo, wacela i-2 GHz, kodwa wafumana isiqingatha kakhulu).
Ngokubanzi, kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zokuphazamiseka. Kwinkqubo ethile, unokufumana enye into. Kungcono ukuqala ngeencwadi endizinike amakhonkco apha ngasentla, kunye nokufunda izibalo kwi-hypervisor enezixhobo ezifana ne-perf, sysdig, systemtap, apho .
5. Izigqibo
- Isixa esithile sobusela singenzeka ngenxa yeparavirtualization, kwaye sinokuthathwa njengesiqhelo. Kwi-Intanethi babhala ukuba eli xabiso linokuba ngu-5-10%. Kuxhomekeke kwizicelo ezingaphakathi kumatshini wenyani kunye nokuba unika wuphi umthwalo kwizixhobo zayo ezibonakalayo. Apha kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwindlela izicelo eziziva ngayo ngaphakathi koomatshini benyani.
- Umlinganiselo womthwalo kwi-hypervisor kwaye ubiwe ngaphakathi kumatshini obonakalayo awuhlali uqhagamshelwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo, zombini uqikelelo lobusela lunokuba nempazamo kwiimeko ezithile kwimithwalo eyahlukeneyo.
- Umcwangcisi unesimo sengqondo esibi kwiinkqubo ezicela into eninzi. Uzama ukunika kancinci kwabo bacela ngaphezulu. Oomatshini abakhulu benyani bakhohlakele.
- Ubusela obuncinci bunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo nangaphandle kwe-paravirtualization (uthathela ingqalelo umthwalo ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani, iimpawu zomthwalo wabamelwane, ukuhanjiswa komthwalo phakathi kwemisonto kunye nezinye izinto).
- Ukuba ufuna ukufumanisa ukubiwa kwindlela ethile, kufuneka uhlolisise iinketho ezahlukeneyo, uqokelele iimethrikhi, uhlalutye ngokucophelela, kwaye ucinge ngendlela yokusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo. Ukutenxa kunokwenzeka kuzo naziphi na iimeko, ekufuneka zingqinwe ngokulinga okanye zijongwe kwi-kernel debugger.
umthombo: www.habr.com