Ngoku ndisebenzela umthengisi wesoftware, ngakumbi ukufikelela kwizisombululo zolawulo. Kwaye amava am "ukusuka kubomi obudlulileyo" adibaniswa necala lomthengi - intlangano enkulu yezemali. Ngelo xesha, iqela lethu lolawulo lofikelelo kwisebe lokhuseleko lolwazi alikwazanga ukuqhayisa ngobuchule obukhulu kwi-IdM. Sifunde okuninzi kwinkqubo, kwafuneka sibethe amaqhuma amaninzi ukuze sakhe indlela yokusebenza yokulawula amalungelo abasebenzisi kwiinkqubo zolwazi kwinkampani.
Ukudibanisa amava am amava omthengi anzima kunye nolwazi lomthengisi kunye nobuchule, ndifuna ukwabelana nawe ngokuyimfuneko imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo: indlela yokwenza imodeli yokulawula ukufikelela kwindima kwinkampani enkulu, kwaye oku kuya kunika ntoni ngenxa yoko. . Imiyalelo yam inamacandelo amabini: eyokuqala ilungiselela ukwakha imodeli, eyesibini yakha ngokwenene. Nali icandelo lokuqala, inxalenye yamalungiselelo.
NB Ukwakha umntu ongumzekelo, ngelishwa, ayisosiphumo, kodwa yinkqubo. Okanye kunoko, nenxalenye yenkqubo yokudala i-ecosystem yokulawula ukufikelela kwinkampani. Ngoko lungiselela umdlalo ixesha elide.
Okokuqala, masiyichaze - yintoni ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kwindima? Masithi unebhanki enkulu enamashumi, okanye amakhulu amawaka abasebenzi (amaqumrhu), ngamnye kubo unamalungelo amaninzi okufikelela kumakhulu eenkqubo zolwazi zebhanki zangaphakathi (izinto). Ngoku phinda-phinda inani lezinto ngenani lezifundo - eli lelona nani lincinane loqhagamshelwano olufunekayo ukuze uqale ukwakha uze ulawule. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza oku ngesandla? Ewe akunjalo - iindima zadalwa ukusombulula le ngxaki.
Indima yiseti yeemvume ezifunwa ngumsebenzisi okanye iqela labasebenzisi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Umsebenzi ngamnye unokuba nendima enye okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye indima nganye inokuqulatha ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwiimvume ezininzi ezivunyelwe kumsebenzisi ngaphakathi kuloo ndima. Iindima zinokubotshelelwa kwizikhundla ezithile, amasebe okanye imisebenzi esebenzayo yabasebenzi.
Iindima zidla ngokudalwa kwizigunyaziso zomqeshwa ngamnye kwinkqubo nganye yolwazi. Emva koko iindima zoshishino lwehlabathi zenziwe kwiindima zenkqubo nganye. Umzekelo, indima yeshishini "umphathi wekhredithi" iya kubandakanya iindima ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zolwazi ezisetyenziswa kwiofisi yabathengi bebhanki. Ngokomzekelo, njengenkqubo yebhanki ezenzekelayo, imodyuli yemali, inkqubo yokulawula uxwebhu lwe-elektroniki, umphathi wenkonzo kunye nabanye. Iindima zoshishino, njengomthetho, ziboshwe kwisakhiwo sombutho - ngamanye amazwi, kwiseti yezahlulo zenkampani kunye nezikhundla kuzo. Yile ndlela i-matrix yendima yehlabathi eyakhiwe ngayo (ndinika umzekelo kwitheyibhile engezantsi).
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba akunakwenzeka nje ukwakha umzekelo we-100%, ukubonelela onke amalungelo ayimfuneko kubasebenzi besithuba ngasinye kwisakhiwo sorhwebo. Ewe, oku akuyomfuneko. Emva koko, umzekelo awukwazi ukuma, kuba kuxhomekeke kwindawo ehlala iguquka. Kwaye ukusuka kwiinguqu kwimisebenzi yeshishini yenkampani, leyo, ngokufanelekileyo, ichaphazela utshintsho kwisakhiwo sombutho kunye nokusebenza. Kwaye ngenxa yokungabikho kokubonelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo, kunye nokungahambelani neenkcazo zomsebenzi, kunye nomnqweno wokufumana inzuzo kwindleko yokhuseleko, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukwakha umzekelo onokuthi ufikelele kwi-80% yeemfuno zabasebenzisi kumalungelo asisiseko ayimfuneko xa unikwe isikhundla. Kwaye banokuthi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, bacele i-20% eseleyo kamva kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Kakade ke, usenokubuza: “Ngaba akukho nto ifana ne-100% yabantu abayimizekelo yokuxeliswa?” Ewe, kutheni, oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, kwizakhiwo ezingenzi nzuzo ezingenakho ukutshintshwa rhoqo - kwelinye iziko lophando. Okanye kwimibutho entsonkothileyo yomkhosi-mveliso enenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko, apho ukhuseleko luza kuqala. Kwenzeka kwisakhiwo sorhwebo, kodwa ngaphakathi kwesakhelo secandelo elahlukileyo, umsebenzi walo yinkqubo ezinzileyo kunye nenokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili.
Inzuzo ephambili yolawulo olusekelwe kwindima kukwenziwa lula kwamalungelo okukhutshwa, kuba inani leendima lincinci kakhulu kunenani labasebenzisi benkqubo yolwazi. Kwaye oku kuyinyaniso kuyo nayiphi na imboni.
Masithathe inkampani yokuthengisa: iqeshe amawaka abathengisi, kodwa banamalungelo afanayo kwinkqubo N, kwaye indima enye kuphela iya kudalwa kubo. Xa umthengisi omtsha efika kwinkampani, unikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo indima efunekayo kwinkqubo, esele inamagunya ayimfuneko. Kwakhona, ngokuchofoza okukodwa ungatshintsha amalungelo amawaka abathengisi kanye, umzekelo, yongeza inketho entsha yokuvelisa ingxelo. Akukho mfuneko yokwenza imisebenzi eliwaka, ukudibanisa ilungelo elitsha kwi-akhawunti nganye - yongeza nje olu khetho kwindima, kwaye iya kubonakala kubo bonke abathengisi ngexesha elifanayo.
Enye inzuzo yolawulo olusekelwe kwindima kukupheliswa kokukhutshwa kwezigunyaziso ezingahambelaniyo. Oko kukuthi, umqeshwa onendima ethile kwinkqubo akakwazi ukuba nenye indima ngaxeshanye, amalungelo lawo akufanele adityaniswe namalungelo ekuqaleni. Umzekelo obalaseleyo kukuvalwa kokudibanisa imisebenzi yegalelo kunye nolawulo lwentengiselwano yezemali.
Nabani na onomdla kwindlela ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kwindima lwenze njani
ukuntywila kwimbali
Ukuba sibheka kwimbali, uluntu lwe-IT lwaqala lwacinga malunga neendlela zokulawula ukufikelela emva kwe-70 ye-XNUMX yenkulungwane. Nangona izicelo zazilula ngelo xesha, njengangoku, wonke umntu wayefuna ngokwenene ukulawula ukufikelela kuzo. Nika, utshintshe kwaye ulawule amalungelo abasebenzisi - ukwenza kube lula ukuqonda ukuba ngamnye wabo unalo phi na ufikelelo. Kodwa ngelo xesha kwakungekho migangatho eqhelekileyo, iinkqubo zokuqala zokulawula ukufikelela ziphuhliswa, kwaye inkampani nganye yayisekelwe kwiingcamango zayo kunye nemithetho.
Iimodeli ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lokufikelela ziyaziwa ngoku, kodwa azizange zivele kwangoko. Makhe sigxininise kwabo babe negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lwalo mmandla.
Eyokuqala kwaye mhlawumbi imodeli elula kakhulu Ulawulo lofikelelo olunokuzikhethela (olukhethayo). (DAC – Ulawulo lofikelelo olunokuzikhethela). Lo mzekelo uthetha ukwabelana ngamalungelo ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokufikelela. Umsebenzisi ngamnye unokufikelela kwizinto ezithile okanye imisebenzi. Ngokwenyani, apha isethi yezifundo zamalungelo ihambelana neseti yezinto. Lo mzekelo wafunyanwa ubhetyebhetye kakhulu kwaye unzima kakhulu ukuwugcina: uluhlu lokufikelela ekugqibeleni lube lukhulu kwaye kunzima ukulawula.
Imodeli yesibini Ulawulo lofikelelo olunyanzelekileyo (MAC - Ulawulo lofikelelo olunyanzelekileyo). Ngokwalo mzekelo, umsebenzisi ngamnye ufumana ukufikelela kwinto ngokuhambelana nokufikelela okukhutshiweyo kwinqanaba elithile lobumfihlo bedatha. Ngokufanelekileyo, izinto kufuneka zihlelwe ngokwenqanaba labo lobumfihlo. Ngokungafaniyo nemodeli yokuqala eguquguqukayo, le, ngokuchaseneyo, yajika yaba ngqongqo kwaye ingqongqo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo akuchanekanga xa inkampani inezixhobo ezininzi zolwazi ezahlukeneyo: ukwenzela ukwahlula ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, kuya kufuneka ungenise iindidi ezininzi ezingayi kudlula.
Ngenxa yokungafezeki okucacileyo kwezi ndlela zimbini, uluntu lwe-IT luye lwaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa imizekelo eguquguqukayo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ngokubanzi okanye ngaphantsi kwendawo yonke ukuxhasa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula ukufikelela kwintlangano. Kwaye kwavela imodeli yesithathu yolawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kwindima! Le ndlela ibonakalise ukuba yiyona nto ithembisayo kuba ayifuni kuphela ukugunyazwa kwesazisi somsebenzisi, kodwa kunye nemisebenzi yakhe yokusebenza kwiinkqubo.
Isakhiwo sokuqala esichazwe ngokucacileyo sicetywa zizazinzulu zaseMelika uDavid Ferrailo noRichard Kuhn be-US National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1992. Emva koko kwavela igama lokuqala I-RBAC (Ulawulo olusekelwe kwindima). Ezi zifundo kunye neenkcazo zamacandelo aphambili, kunye nobudlelwane babo, zenze isiseko somgangatho we-INCITS 359-2012, esasebenza namhlanje, evunywe yiKomiti yamazwe ngamazwe kwiMigangatho yeTekhnoloji yoLwazi (INCITS).
Umgangatho uchaza indima "njengomsebenzi womsebenzi kumxholo wentlangano kunye nesemantics ehambelanayo malunga negunya kunye noxanduva olunikezelwe kumsebenzisi onikwe indima." Uxwebhu luseka izinto ezisisiseko ze-RBAC - abasebenzisi, iiseshoni, iindima, iimvume, imisebenzi kunye nezinto, kunye nobudlelwane kunye noqhagamshelwano phakathi kwabo.
Umgangatho ubonelela ngobuncinane besakhiwo esiyimfuneko ekwakheni umzekelo- ukudibanisa amalungelo kwiindima kunye nokunika ukufikelela kubasebenzisi ngezi ndima. Iindlela zokuqulunqa iindima ezivela kwizinto kunye nokusebenza zichazwe, i-hierarchy yeendima kunye nelifa lamagunya zichazwe. Emva koko, kuyo nayiphi na inkampani kukho iindima ezidibanisa amandla asisiseko ayimfuneko kubo bonke abasebenzi benkampani. Oku kunokufikelela kwi-imeyile, i-EDMS, i-portal ye-corporate, njl. Ezi mvume zingabandakanywa kwindima enye ebizwa ngokuba “ngumqeshwa”, kwaye akuyi kubakho mfuneko yokudwelisa onke amalungelo asisiseko ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwindima nganye yenqanaba eliphezulu. Kwanele nje ukubonisa uphawu lwelifa lendima "yomqeshwa".
Kamva, umgangatho wongezwa ngeempawu zofikelelo ezintsha ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo okuguquguqukayo rhoqo. Ukukwazi ukwazisa izithintelo ezimileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo zongeziwe. Ezizinzileyo zithetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ukudibanisa iindima (igalelo elifanayo kunye nolawulo lwemisebenzi ekhankanywe ngasentla). Izithintelo ezinamandla zinokumiselwa ngokutshintsha iiparitha, umzekelo, ixesha (iiyure zokusebenza / ezingezizo ukusebenza okanye iintsuku), indawo (iofisi / ikhaya), njl.
Ngokwahlukileyo, kufuneka kuthiwe malunga Ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kuphawu (ABAC - Ulawulo lofikelelo olusekwe kuphawu). Indlela yokusebenza isekwe ekunikeni ufikelelo kusetyenziswa imithetho yokwabelana ngeempawu. Le modeli inokusetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa kaninzi ihambelana nemodeli yeklasi: iimpawu zabasebenzisi, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kunye nexesha okanye indawo, inokongezwa kwindima ethile. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise iindima ezimbalwa, ungenise izithintelo ezongezelelweyo kwaye wenze ufikelelo lube buncinci kangangoko, kwaye ke uphucule ukhuseleko.
Ngokomzekelo, umgcini-mali unokuvunyelwa ukuba afikelele kwi-akhawunti ukuba usebenza kummandla othile. Emva koko indawo yengcali iya kuthelekiswa nexabiso elithile lokubhekisela. Okanye unokunika ufikelelo kwii-akhawunti kuphela xa umsebenzisi engena kwisixhobo esiqukwe kuludwe lwabavunyelweyo. Ukongezwa okulungileyo kumzekelo, kodwa kunqabile ukusetyenziswa ngokwawo ngenxa yesidingo sokudala imithetho emininzi kunye neetafile zeemvume okanye izithintelo.
Makhe ndikunike umzekelo wokusebenzisa i-ABAC "kubomi bam bangaphambili". Ibhanki yethu yayinamasebe aliqela. Abasebenzi beeofisi zabaxumi kula masebe benze imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa kwafuneka basebenze kwinkqubo ephambili kuphela ngeeakhawunti kwingingqi yabo. Okokuqala, saqala ukwenza iindima ezahlukeneyo kwingingqi nganye - kwaye zininzi iindima ezinjalo ngokuphinda usebenze, kodwa ngokufikelela kwiiakhawunti ezahlukeneyo! Emva koko, ngokusebenzisa uphawu lwendawo yomsebenzisi kunye nokuludibanisa noluhlu oluthile lwee-akhawunti zokuphonononga, sinciphise kakhulu inani leendima kwinkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, iindima zashiyeka kwisebe elinye kuphela, elathi laphindaphindwa kwizithuba ezihambelanayo kuwo onke amanye amacandelo emimandla yebhanki.
Ngoku makhe sithethe ngamanyathelo okulungiselela ayimfuneko, ngaphandle koko akunakwenzeka ukwakha umzekelo osebenzayo.
Inyathelo 1. Yenza imodeli esebenzayo
Kufuneka uqale ngokwenza imodeli esebenzayo - uxwebhu olukwinqanaba eliphezulu oluchaza ngokweenkcukacha ukusebenza kwesebe ngalinye kunye nendawo nganye. Njengomthetho, ulwazi lungena kulo kumaxwebhu ahlukeneyo: iinkcazo zemisebenzi kunye nemimiselo yeeyunithi zomntu ngamnye - amasebe, amacandelo, amasebe. Imodeli yokusebenza kufuneka kuvunyelwane ngayo nawo onke amasebe anomdla (ishishini, ulawulo lwangaphakathi, ukhuseleko) kwaye yamkelwe ngabaphathi benkampani. Lolu xwebhu lwenzelwe ntoni? Ukuze umntu ongumzekelo akwazi ukubhekisa kuwo. Umzekelo, uya kwakha imodeli esekelwe kumalungelo akhoyo abasebenzi - akhutshwe kwinkqubo kwaye "ancitshiswe kwidinomineyitha efanayo". Emva koko, xa uvumelana neendima ezifunyenweyo kunye nomnini-shishini wenkqubo, unokubhekisela kwindawo ethile kwimodeli esebenzayo, ngesiseko sokuba le nto okanye ilungelo lifakwe kwindima.
Inyathelo 2. Siphicotha iisistim ze-IT size siqulunqe isicwangciso sokubaluleka
Kwinqanaba lesibini, kufuneka uqhube uphicotho lweenkqubo ze-IT ukuqonda ukuba ukufikelela kuzo kuhlelwe njani. Umzekelo, inkampani yam yezemali isebenze amakhulu eenkqubo zolwazi. Zonke iisistim zinemigaqo ethile yolawulo olusekwe kwindima, uninzi lwazo zinendima ethile, kodwa ubukhulu becala ephepheni okanye kuluhlu lwenkqubo - zazikade ziphelelwe lixesha, kwaye ukufikelela kuzo kwavunywa ngokusekelwe kwizicelo zokwenene zabasebenzisi. Ngokwendalo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza umzekelo kwiinkqubo ezingamakhulu aliqela ngexesha elinye; kuya kufuneka uqale kwindawo ethile. Senze uhlalutyo olunzulu lwenkqubo yolawulo lokufikelela ukumisela inqanaba layo lokuvuthwa. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuhlalutya, iikhrayitheriya zokubeka phambili iinkqubo zolwazi zaphuhliswa - ukubaluleka, ukulungela, izicwangciso zokuyeka ugunyaziso, njl. Ngoncedo lwabo, siye sadwelisa uphuhliso/uhlaziyo lwemizekelo yezi nkqubo. Kwaye emva koko safaka imizekelo kwisicwangciso sokudibanisa kunye nesisombululo soLawulo lweSizisi sokulawula ukufikelela ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngoko ufumanisa njani ukugxeka kwenkqubo? Ziphendule le mibuzo ilandelayo:
- Ngaba inkqubo inxulumene neenkqubo zokusebenza apho imisebenzi engundoqo yenkampani ixhomekeke kuyo?
- Ngaba ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo kuya kuchaphazela ukuthembeka kwempahla yenkampani?
- Liliphi ixesha lokuphumla elivumelekileyo lenkqubo, ukufikelela apho kungenakwenzeka ukubuyisela umsebenzi emva kokuphazamiseka?
- Ngaba ukuphulwa kwemfezeko yolwazi kwinkqubo kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingenakuguquleka, zombini imali kunye nodumo?
- Ukubaluleka kubuqhophololo. Ubukho bokusebenza, ukuba akulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, kunokukhokelela kwizenzo zobuqhophololo zangaphakathi/zangaphandle;
- Ziziphi iimfuno zomthetho kunye nemithetho yangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo zezi nkqubo? Ngaba kuya kubakho izohlwayo ezivela kubalawuli ngokungathotyelwa kwemithetho?
Kwinkampani yethu yezemali, senze uphicotho olufana nolu. Abalawuli baphuhlise inkqubo yoPhicotho loPhicotho-zincwadi lwe-Access Rights ukuze bajonge abasebenzisi abakhoyo kunye namalungelo kuqala kwezo nkqubo zolwazi bezikolona luhlu lubalulekileyo. Isebe lezokhuseleko labelwa njengomnini wale nkqubo. Kodwa ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo wamalungelo okufikelela kwinkampani, kwakuyimfuneko ukubandakanya i-IT kunye namasebe oshishino kwinkqubo. Kwaye apha iingxabano, ukungaqondani, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwaqala ukutshabalalisa: akukho mntu ufuna ukuhlukana nomthwalo wabo wangoku kwaye abandakanyeke kwezinye, ekuboneni kokuqala, imisebenzi engaqondakaliyo.
NB Iinkampani ezinkulu ezineenkqubo ze-IT eziphuhlisiwe mhlawumbi ziqhelene nenkqubo yophicotho lwe-IT - ulawulo lwe-IT jikelele (ITGC), ekuvumela ukuba uchonge ukusilela kwiinkqubo ze-IT kwaye umisele ulawulo ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe iinkqubo ngokuhambelana neyona ndlela isebenzayo (ITIL, COBIT, IT). Ulawulo njl.njl.) Uphicotho olunjalo luvumela i-IT kunye neshishini ukuba baqondane ngcono kunye nokuphuhlisa isicwangciso sophuhliso esihlangeneyo, ukuhlalutya umngcipheko, ukwandisa iindleko, kunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokusebenza.
Enye yeendawo zophicotho-zincwadi kukuqinisekisa iiparamitha zofikelelo oluqiqiweyo nolwenyama kwiinkqubo zolwazi. Sithathe idatha efunyenwe njengesiseko sokusetyenziswa ngakumbi ekwakheni umzekelo. Ngenxa yolu phicotho, sibe nerejista yeesistim ze-IT, apho iiparamitha zabo zobugcisa zaye zamiselwa kwaye neenkcazo zanikwa. Ukongeza, kwinkqubo nganye, umnini wachongwa ukusuka kwicala leshishini eliqhutywa ngomdla walo: nguye onoxanduva lweenkqubo zoshishino ezisetyenziswa yile nkqubo. Umphathi wenkonzo ye-IT naye waqeshwa, ojongene nokuphunyezwa kobugcisa beemfuno zoshishino kwi-IS ethile. Iinkqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkampani kunye neeparitha zabo zobugcisa, imimiselo yokugunyaziswa kunye nokukhutshwa, njl.
Inyathelo lesi-3 Yenza indlela yokusebenza
Isitshixo kwimpumelelo yalo naliphi na ishishini yindlela efanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, zombini ukwakha imodeli kunye nokwenza uphicotho-zincwadi, kufuneka senze indlela apho sichaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamasebe, ukuseka uxanduva kwimimiselo yenkampani, njl.
Okokuqala kufuneka uhlolisise onke amaxwebhu akhoyo aseka inkqubo yokunikezela ukufikelela kunye namalungelo. Ngendlela elungileyo, iinkqubo kufuneka zibhalwe kumanqanaba amaninzi:
- iimfuno zeshishini ngokubanzi;
- iimfuno zemimandla yokhuseleko yolwazi (kuxhomekeke kwimimandla yemisebenzi yombutho);
- iimfuno zeenkqubo zobuchwepheshe (imiyalelo, ukufikelela kwimatriki, izikhokelo, iimfuno zokumisela).
Kwinkampani yethu yezemali, sifumene amaxwebhu amaninzi aphelelwe lixesha, kwafuneka siwazise ngokungqinelana neenkqubo ezintsha eziphunyezwayo.
Ngomyalelo wolawulo, iqela elisebenzayo ladalwa, elibandakanya abameli bezokhuseleko, i-IT, ishishini kunye nolawulo lwangaphakathi. Umyalelo wachaza iinjongo zokudala iqela, isalathiso somsebenzi, ixesha lobukho kunye nabo banoxanduva kwicala ngalinye. Ukongezelela, siye saqulunqa indlela yophicotho-zincwadi kunye nenkqubo yokwakha imodeli yomzekelo: bavunyelwene ngabo bonke abameli abanoxanduva lweendawo kwaye bavunywa ngabaphathi benkampani.
Amaxwebhu achaza inkqubo yokwenza umsebenzi, imihla emisiweyo, uxanduva, njl. - isiqinisekiso sokuba endleleni eya kwinjongo enqwenelekayo, ekuqaleni engabonakali kuwo wonke umntu, akukho mntu uya kuba nemibuzo "kutheni sisenza oku, kutheni sifuna, njl njl." kwaye akuyi kubakho ithuba "lokutsiba" okanye ukucothisa inkqubo.
Inyathelo 4. Lungisa iiparamitha zemodeli ekhoyo yokulawula ukufikelela
Sizoba into ebizwa ngokuba yi "system passport" malunga nolawulo lofikelelo. Ngokwenene, le mibuzo yemibuzo kwindlela ethile yolwazi, erekhoda zonke ii-algorithms zokulawula ukufikelela kuyo. Iinkampani esele ziphumeze izisombululo ze-IdM-class mhlawumbi ziqhelene nekhweshine enjalo, kuba kulapho uphando lweenkqubo luqala khona.
Ezinye iiparameters malunga nenkqubo kunye nabanini bahamba kwi-questionnaire evela kwi-IT registry (jonga inyathelo lesi-2, uphicotho), kodwa ezintsha zongezwa kwakhona:
- indlela ii-akhawunti ezilawulwa ngayo (ngokuthe ngqo kwisiseko sedatha okanye ngokusebenzisa ujongano lwesoftware);
- indlela abasebenzisi abangena ngayo kwisistim (usebenzisa i-akhawunti eyahlukileyo okanye usebenzisa i-akhawunti ye-AD, i-LDAP, njl.);
- ngawaphi amanqanaba okufikelela kwinkqubo asetyenziswayo (inqanaba lesicelo, inqanaba lenkqubo, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yemithombo yefayile yenethiwekhi);
- inkcazo kunye neeparamitha zabancedisi apho inkqubo isebenza khona;
- yeyiphi imisebenzi yolawulo lwe-akhawunti exhaswayo (ukuthintela, ukuqamba ngokutsha, njl.);
- yeyiphi i-algorithms okanye imigaqo esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa isibonisi somsebenzisi wenkqubo;
- yintoni uphawu olungasetyenziselwa ukuseka unxibelelwano kunye nerekhodi yomqeshwa kwinkqubo yabasebenzi (igama elipheleleyo, inombolo yabasebenzi, njl.);
- zonke iimpawu ze-akhawunti ezinokwenzeka kunye nemigaqo yokuzalisa;
- ngawaphi amalungelo okufikelela akhoyo kwinkqubo (iindima, amaqela, amalungelo eathom, njl.
- iindlela zokwahlula amalungelo ofikelelo (ngezikhundla, isebe, ukusebenza, njl.);
- Ngaba inkqubo inemigaqo yokwahlulwa kwamalungelo (i-SOD - Ukwahlulwa kweMisebenzi), kwaye isebenza njani;
- indlela iziganeko zokungabikho, ukutshintshwa, ukugxothwa, ukuhlaziya idatha yabasebenzi, njl.
Olu luhlu lunokuqhutyelwa ngeenkcukacha kwiiparitha ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokulawula ukufikelela.
Inyathelo 5. Yenza inkcazo yeshishini ejolise kwiimvume
Olunye uxwebhu esiya kulufuna xa sisakha umzekelo yincwadi ekubhekiselwa kuyo kuwo onke amagunya anokubakho (amalungelo) anokunikezelwa kubasebenzisi abakwinkqubo yolwazi kunye nenkcazo ecacileyo yomsebenzi weshishini omi emva kwayo. Ngokufuthi, abasemagunyeni kule nkqubo babhala ngokufihlakeleyo amagama athile aquka oonobumba namanani, yaye abasebenzi bezoshishino abakwazi ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le miqondiso. Emva koko baya kwinkonzo ye-IT, kwaye apho ... nabo abanako ukuphendula umbuzo, umzekelo, malunga namalungelo asetyenziswa ngokungaqhelekanga. Emva koko uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kufuneka lwenziwe.
Kulungile ukuba sele kukho inkcazo yeshishini okanye nokuba kukho indibaniselwano yala malungelo kumaqela kunye neendima. Kwezinye izicelo, eyona nto isebenzayo kukudala isalathiso esinjalo kwinqanaba lophuhliso. Kodwa oku akwenzeki rhoqo, ngoko siphinda siye kwisebe le-IT ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nawo onke amalungelo anokubakho kwaye sichaze. Isikhokelo sethu siya kuthi ekugqibeleni siqulathe oku kulandelayo:
- igama lesiphathamandla, kubandakanywa into elisebenza kuyo ilungelo lokufikelela;
- isenzo esivunyelwe ukuba senziwe ngento (ukubona, ukutshintsha, njl., ukubakho kokuthintela, umzekelo, ngesiseko sommandla okanye iqela labathengi);
- ikhowudi yogunyaziso (ikhowudi kunye negama lomsebenzi wenkqubo / isicelo esinokwenziwa kusetyenziswa ugunyaziso);
- inkcazo yegunya (inkcazo ecacileyo yezenzo kwi-IS xa kusetyenziswa igunya kunye neziphumo zabo kwinkqubo;
- isimo semvume: "Iyasebenza" (ukuba imvume yabelwe ubuncinane umsebenzisi omnye) okanye "Ayisebenzi" (ukuba imvume ayisetyenziswanga).
Inyathelo lesi-6 Sikhuphela idatha malunga nabasebenzisi kunye namalungelo kwiinkqubo kwaye sithelekise kunye nomthombo wabasebenzi
Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokulungiselela, kufuneka ukhuphele idatha kwiinkqubo zolwazi malunga nabo bonke abasebenzisi kunye namalungelo abanawo ngoku. Zimbini iimeko ezinokwenzeka apha. Okokuqala: isebe lezokhuseleko linokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo kwaye lineendlela zokukhuphela iingxelo ezifanelekileyo, ezingenzeki rhoqo, kodwa zilungele kakhulu. Okwesibini: sithumela isicelo kwi-IT ukufumana iingxelo kwifomathi efunekayo. Amava abonisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuza kwisivumelwano kunye ne-IT kwaye ufumane idatha efunekayo okokuqala. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza iindlela ezininzi de ulwazi lufunyenwe kwifom efunwayo kunye nefomathi.
Yeyiphi idatha ekufuneka ikhutshelwe:
- Igama le-akhawunti
- Igama elipheleleyo lomsebenzi elinikezelwe kuye
- Ubume (iyasebenza okanye ivaliwe)
- Umhla wokwenziwa kweakhawunti
- Umhla wokusetyenziswa kokugqibela
- Uluhlu lwamalungelo/amaqela/iindima ezikhoyo
Ke, sifumene izinto ezikhutshelweyo ezivela kwisistim kunye nabo bonke abasebenzisi kunye nawo onke amalungelo anikezelwe kubo. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza babeka ecaleni zonke ii-akhawunti ezivaliweyo, ekubeni umsebenzi wokwakha umzekelo uya kuqhutywa kuphela kubasebenzisi abasebenzayo.
Emva koko, ukuba inkampani yakho ayinazo iindlela ezizenzekelayo zokuthintela ukufikelela kubasebenzi abagxothiweyo (oku kwenzeka rhoqo) okanye i-patchwork automation engasoloko isebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka uchonge yonke "imiphefumlo efileyo." Sithetha ngeeakhawunti zabasebenzi abasele begxothiwe, amalungelo abo ngenxa yezizathu ezithile angavalwanga - kufuneka bavalwe. Ukwenza oku, sithelekisa idatha elayishiweyo kunye nomthombo wabasebenzi. Ukothulwa kwabasebenzi kufuneka kwakhona kufunyanwe kwangaphambili kwisebe eligcina iziko ledatha labasebenzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo, kuyimfuneko ukubekela bucala ii-akhawunti abanini bawo abafumanekanga kwi-database yabasebenzi, abangabelwanga nabani na - oko kukuthi, abangenamnini. Ukusebenzisa olu luhlu, siya kufuna umhla wokusetyenziswa kokugqibela: ukuba kutshanje, kuya kufuneka sikhangele abanini. Oku kunokubandakanya ii-akhawunti zeekontraka zangaphandle okanye ii-akhawunti zenkonzo ezingabelwanga nabani na, kodwa ezinxulunyaniswa nazo naziphi na iinkqubo. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba ezi akhawunti zezikabani, ungathumela iileta kuwo onke amasebe uwacela ukuba aphendule. Xa abanini befunyenwe, sifaka idatha malunga nabo kwinkqubo: ngale ndlela, zonke ii-akhawunti ezisebenzayo zichongiwe, kwaye ezinye zivaliwe.
Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukulayishwa kwethu kucinywe kwiirekhodi ezingadingekile kwaye kusele kuphela ii-akhawunti ezisebenzayo, sinokuqala ukwakha umzekelo wenkqubo ethile yolwazi. Kodwa ndiza kukuxelela ngoku kwinqaku elilandelayo.
Umbhali: ULyudmila Sevastyanova, umphathi wokunyusa iSolar inRights
umthombo: www.habr.com