Ngokufika kwesizukulwana sesixhenxe se-Intel Core processors, kwacaca kwabaninzi ukuba isicwangciso se-βTick-tockβ i-Intel ebesilandela ngalo lonke eli xesha asiphumelelanga. Isithembiso sokunciphisa inkqubo yezobuchwepheshe ukusuka kwi-14 ukuya kwi-10 nm yahlala isithembiso, ixesha elide elithi "Taka" i-Skylake yaqala, apho i-Kaby Lake (isizukulwana sesixhenxe), ngokukhawuleza i-Coffee Lake (yesibhozo) yenzeke ngotshintsho oluncinane kwinkqubo yezobuchwepheshe. ukusuka 14 nm ukuya 14 nm + kwaye nkqu Coffee Lake Refresh (yesithoba). Kubonakala ngathi i-Intel idinga ikhefu elincinci lekofu. Ngenxa yoko, sineeprosesa ezininzi zezizukulwana ezahlukeneyo, ezisekelwe kwi-Skylake microarchitecture efanayo, kwelinye icala. Kwaye uqinisekiso lwe-Intel lokuba iprosesa entsha nganye ingcono kuneyangaphambili, kwelinye. Enyanisweni, akucaci ukuba kutheni ...
Ngoko masibuyele kwizizukulwana zethu. Kwaye makhe sibone ukuba zahluke njani.
ILaby Lake
Ukubonakala kweeprosesa kwintengiso kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwe-2017. Yintoni entsha kule ntsapho xa ithelekiswa neyandulelayo? Okokuqala, oku ngundoqo wemizobo emitsha - Intel UHD 630. Inkxaso ye-Intel Optane yememori ye-Intel Optane (i-3D Xpoint), kunye ne-chipset ye-series ye-200 entsha (isizukulwana se-6 sisebenze kunye nochungechunge lwe-100). Kwaye yiyo yonke into entsha enomdla ngokwenene.
Ikhefu leKafesi
Isizukulwana se-8, esibizwa ngokuba yiCoffee Lake, sakhululwa ekupheleni kwe2017. Kwiiprosesa zesi sizukulwana, ii-cores kunye ne-cache yezinga lesithathu zongezwa, i-Turbo Boost yaphakanyiswa yi-200 megahertz, inkxaso ye-DDR4-2666 yongezwa (ngaphambili bekukho i-DDR4-2400), kodwa inkxaso ye-DDR3 yanqunyulwa. Undoqo wegraphics uhleli ufana, kodwa wanikwa i50 MHz. Kuko konke ukonyuka kwee-frequencies kwafuneka sihlawule ngokunyusa iphakheji yobushushu ukuya kwi-95 watts. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, i-chipset entsha ye-300 series. Le yokugqibela yayingeyomfuneko kwaphela, ekubeni kungekudala iingcali ngokwaneleyo bakwazi ukusungula le ntsapho chipsets 100-series, nangona abameli Intel bathi oku akunakwenzeka ngenxa yoyilo iisekethe amandla. Kamva, nangona kunjalo, i-Intel yavuma ngokusemthethweni ukuba yayingalunganga. Ke yintoni entsha kusapho lwe-8? Ngapha koko, ijongeka ngakumbi njengokuhlaziya rhoqo kunye nokongezwa kwee-cores kunye nee-frequencies.
Coffee Lake Hlaziya
Hayi! Nantsi into yokuhlaziya yethu! Kwikota yesine ye-2018, i-9th isizukulwana i-Coffee Lake processors yakhululwa, ixhotyiswe ngokhuseleko lwe-hardware ngokuchasene nobuthathaka be-Meltdown / Specter. Utshintsho lwe-Hardware olwenziwe kwiitshiphusi ezintsha lukhusela kwi-Meltdown V3 kunye ne-L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF Foreshadow). Iinguqu zeSoftware kunye ne-microcode zikhusela ngokuchasene ne-Specter V2, i-Meltdown V3a kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-V4. Ukukhuselwa kwi-Specter V1 kuya kuqhubeka nokupakishwa kwinqanaba lenkqubo yokusebenza. Ukuqaliswa kweepatches ze-chip-level kufuneka kunciphise impembelelo yeepetshi zesofthiwe ekusebenzeni kweprosesa. Kodwa i-Intel iphumeze lonke olu lonwabo ngokhuseleko kuphela kwiiprosesa zecandelo lemarike yobuninzi: i5-9600k, i7-9700k, i9-9900k. Wonke umntu, kubandakanywa nezisombululo zeseva, akazange afumane ukhuseleko lwe-hardware. Okokuqala ngqa kwimbali ye-Intel yabathengi, iiprosesa zeCoffee Lake Refresh zixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-128 GB ye-RAM. Yiyo ke loo nto, akusekho tshintsho.
Yintoni esinayo kumgca ongezantsi? Iminyaka emibini yokuhlaziya, ukudlala ngee-cores kunye nee-frequencies, kunye nesethi yophuculo oluncinci. Ndandifuna ngokwenene ukuvavanya ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye ndithelekise ukusebenza kwabameli abakhulu bezi ntsapho. Ke xa bendineseti yesizukulwana sesixhenxe ukuya kwesethoba esandleni-i7-7700 yethu kunye ne-i7-7700k zisandula kudityaniswa yi-i7-8700 entsha, i7-9700k kunye ne-i9-9900k, ndathatha ithuba lemeko kwaye ndenza ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo. Iiprosesa ze-Intel Core zibonisa into abanokuyenza.
Ukuvavanywa
Iiprosesa ezintlanu ze-Intel zibandakanyeka kuvavanyo: i7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700, i7-9700k, i9-9900k.
Iimpawu zokusebenza zamaqonga
I-Intel i7-8700, i7-9700k kunye ne-i9-9900k abaqhubekekisi banoqwalaselo olusisiseko olufanayo:
- Ibhodi yomama: Asus PRIME H310T (BIOS 1405),
- RAM: 16 GB DDR4-2400 MT / s Kingston 2 iziqwenga, iyonke 32 GB.
- I-SSD drive: 240 GB Patriot Burst 2 iziqwenga kwi-RAID 1 (umkhwa ophuhliswe kwiminyaka).
Iiprosesa ze-Intel i7-7700 kunye ne-i7-7700k nazo ziqhuba kwiqonga elifanayo:
- Ibhodi yomama: Asus H110T (BIOS 3805),
- RAM: 8 GB DDR4-2400MT/s Kingston 2 iziqwenga, iyonke 16 GB.
- I-SSD drive: 240 GB Patriot Burst iziqwenga ezi-2 kwi-RAID 1.
Sisebenzisa i-chassis eyenziwe ngokwezifiso eziziyunithi ezi-1,5 ubude. Bahlala amaqonga amane.
Inxalenye yesoftware: OS CentOS Linux 7 x86_64 (7.6.1810).
Π―Π΄ΡΠΎ: 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64
Ulungelelaniso olwenziweyo olunxulumene nofakelo olusemgangathweni: ukhetho olongeziweyo lokusungula i-kernel elevator=noop selinux=0.
Uvavanyo lwenziwa ngazo zonke iipatches ezivela kwiSpecter, Meltdown kunye nohlaselo lwe-Foreshadow olubuyiselwe kule kernel. Kuyenzeka ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo kwiikernels zeLinux ezintsha nezingaphezulu zinokwahluka kwezo zifunyenweyo, kwaye iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono. Kodwa, okokuqala, mna ndikhetha i-CentOS 7, kwaye, okwesibini, i-RedHat ibuyisela umva izinto ezintsha ezinxulumene nenkxaso yehardware ukusuka kwiikernel ezintsha ukuya kwi-LTS yayo. Yiloo nto ndiyathemba :)
Iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa uphando
- ISysbench
- Geekbench
- I-Suite yovavanyo lwePhoronix
Uvavanyo lweSysbench
I-Sysbench yiphakheji yovavanyo (okanye i-benchmarks) yokuvavanya ukusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutheni: iprosesa, i-RAM, izixhobo zokugcina idatha. Uvavanyo lunemisonto emininzi, kuzo zonke iicores. Kolu vavanyo ndilinganise izikhombisi ezibini:
- Iziganeko zesantya se-CPU ngesekhondi - inani lemisebenzi eyenziwa yiprosesa ngesibini: ixabiso eliphezulu, imveliso ngakumbi inkqubo.
- Iinkcukacha-manani ngokubanzi inani lilonke lemisitho - inani lilonke lemisitho egqityiweyo. Okukhona liphezulu inani, kokukhona lingcono.
Uvavanyo lweGeekbench
Ipakethe yovavanyo oluqhutywa kwimo yomsonto omnye kunye nemisonto emininzi. Ngenxa yoko, isalathisi sokusebenza sikhutshwa kuzo zombini iindlela. Apha ngezantsi kukho ikhonkco kwiziphumo zovavanyo. Kolu vavanyo siza kujonga izikhombisi ezibini eziphambili:
- Inqaku elinye elingundoqo - iimvavanyo ezinemisonto enye.
- Multi-Core Score - iimvavanyo ezinemisonto emininzi.
Iiyunithi zokulinganisa: i-abstract "parrots". Okukhona "iiparrothi", ngcono.
Phoronix Test Suite
IPhoronix Test Suite yisethi etyebe kakhulu yovavanyo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba zonke iimvavanyo ezivela kwipakethe ye-pts/cpu ziye zaqhutywa, ndiza kunika iziphumo zezo kuphela endizifumene zinomdla ngakumbi, ngakumbi kuba iziphumo zovavanyo olushiyiweyo zomeleza kuphela umkhwa jikelele.
Phantse zonke iimvavanyo ezithiwe thaca apha zinemisonto emininzi. Ekuphela kwezinto ezingaphandle zimbini kuzo: iimvavanyo ezinomsonto omnye u-Himeno kunye ne-LAME MP3 Encoding.
Kwezi mvavanyo, okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona lingcono.
- Uvavanyo lokuqikelela igama lokugqitha elinemisonto emininzi likaJohn the Ripper. Makhe sithathe i-algorithm ye-Blowfish crypto. Ilinganisa inani lemisebenzi ngomzuzwana.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Himeno luluhlu lwe-Poisson yoxinzelelo lwe-solver usebenzisa indlela ye-Jacobi point.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-7-Zip - uvavanyo lwe-7-Zip usebenzisa i-p7zip kunye nesici sokuvavanya ukusebenza okudibeneyo.
- I-OpenSSL yiseti yezixhobo ezisebenzisa i-SSL (i-Secure Sockets Layer) kunye ne-TLS (i-Transport Layer Security) iiprothokholi. Ilinganisa ukusebenza kweRSA 4096-bit OpenSSL.
- I-Apache Benchmark - Uvavanyo lulinganisa ukuba zingaphi izicelo ngesekhondi inkqubo enikiweyo inokusingatha xa isenza izicelo ze-1, kunye nezicelo eziyi-000 ezisebenza ngaxeshanye.
Kwaye kwezi, ukuba ngaphantsi kungcono
- I-C-Ray ivavanya ukusebenza kwe-CPU kwizibalo zamanqaku adadayo. Olu vavanyo lunemisonto emininzi (imisonto eli-16 ngondoqo ngamnye), luya kudubula imitha eyi-8 kwipikseli nganye yokuchasana no-aliasing kwaye ivelise umfanekiso we-1600x1200. Ixesha lokwenziwa kovavanyo liyalinganiswa.
- I-Parallel BZIP2 Uxinzelelo - Uvavanyo lulinganisa ixesha elifunekayo ukucinezela ifayile (ikhowudi yomthombo we-Linux kernel .tar package) usebenzisa i-BZIP2 yoxinzelelo.
- Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kwidatha yeaudiyo nevidiyo. Uvavanyo lwe-LAME MP3 Encoding lusebenza kumsonto omnye, ngelixa uvavanyo lwe-ffmpeg x264 luqhuba imisonto emininzi. Ixesha elithathiweyo ukugqibezela uvavanyo liyalinganiswa.
Njengoko ubona, i-suite yokuvavanya iquka iimvavanyo ezenziweyo ezivumela ukuba ubonise umahluko phakathi kwabaqhubekisi xa usenza imisebenzi ethile, umzekelo, ukucofa amagama ayimfihlo, umxholo we-encoding media, i-cryptography.
Uvavanyo olwenziweyo, ngokuchasene novavanyo olwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezikufutshane nenyani, luyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka okuthile kovavanyo. Enyanisweni, yiyo loo nto ukhetho lwawela kwi-synthetics.
Kuyenzeka ukuba xa usombulula iingxaki ezithile kwiimeko zokulwa uya kuba nakho ukufumana iziphumo ezinomdla kakhulu nezingalindelekanga, kodwa "ubushushu obuqhelekileyo esibhedlele" buya kuba kufutshane kakhulu kwinto endiyifumene kwiziphumo zovavanyo. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuba ndikhubaza ukukhuselwa kweSpecter / Meltdown xa ndivavanya iiprosesa zesizukulwana se-9, ndingafumana iziphumo ezingcono. Kodwa, xa ndijonge phambili, ndiza kuthi sele bezibonakalisile njengabasemagqabini.
I-Spoiler: ii-cores, iintambo kunye neefrikhwensi ziya kulawula i-roost.
Kwanangaphambi kovavanyo, ndifunde ngononophelo uyilo lwezi ntsapho zeprosesa, ke bendilindele ukuba akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwezifundo zovavanyo. Ngapha koko, akubalulekanga kangako njengokungaqhelekanga: kutheni ulinda izikhombisi ezinomdla kuvavanyo ukuba wenza imilinganiselo kwiiprosesa ezakhiweyo, enyanisweni, kumbindi omnye. Ulindelo lwam lufezekisiwe, kodwa ezinye izinto azihambanga njengoko bendicinga ...
Kwaye ngoku, eneneni, iziphumo zovavanyo.
Iziphumo zisengqiqweni: nabani na onemilambo emininzi kunye nefrikhwensi ephezulu ufumana amanqaku. Ngokufanelekileyo, i-i7-8700 kunye ne-i9-9900k zingaphambili. Umsantsa phakathi kwe-i7-7700 kunye ne-i7-7700k yi-10% kwiimvavanyo ezinemisonto enye kunye nemisonto emininzi. I7-7700 ilala emva kwe-i7-8700 nge-38% kwaye isuka kwi-i9-9900k nge-49%, oko kukuthi, phantse amaxesha ama-2, kodwa kwangaxeshanye i-lag emva kwe-i7-9700k yi-15 kuphela.
Unxulumano kwiziphumo zovavanyo:
Iziphumo zovavanyo ezivela kwiPhoronix Test Suite
Kuvavanyo lukaJohn The Ripper, umahluko phakathi kwabazalwana abangamawele i7-7700 kunye ne-i7-7700k yi-10% evumelana no "k", ngenxa yomahluko kwiTurboboost. Iiprosesa ze-i7-8700 kunye ne-i7-9700k zinomehluko omncinci kakhulu. I-i9-9900k igqwesa wonke umntu ngeentambo ezininzi kunye nesantya esiphezulu sewotshi. Phantse ngokuphindwe kabini inani lamawele.
Isiphumo sovavanyo lwe-C-Ray sibonakala kum sinomdla kakhulu. Ubukho be-teknoloji ye-Hyper-Treading kwi-i9-9900k kolu vavanyo lwe-multi-threaded lunika nje ukunyuka okuncinci malunga ne-i7-9700k. Kodwa amawele ayephantse aphindwe ka-2 emva kwenkokeli.
Kuvavanyo lwe-Himeno olunomsonto omnye, umahluko awukho mkhulu. Kukho i-gap ephawulekayo phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-9 izizukulwana ukusuka kumawele: i-i9-9900k iyabadlula nge-18% kunye ne-15%, ngokulandelanayo. Umahluko phakathi kwe-i7-8700 kunye ne-i7-9700k yinqanaba lempazamo.
Amawele aphumelele uvavanyo lokunyanzeliswa kwe-7zip 44-48% embi kunenkokeli i9-9900k. Ngenxa yenani eliphezulu leentambo, i-i7-8700 idlula i-i7-9700k nge-9%. Kodwa oku akwanelanga ukugqithisa i-i9-9900k, ngoko sibona i-lag ephantse ibe yi-18%.
Uvavanyo lwexesha loxinzelelo usebenzisa i-algorithm ye-BZIP2 ibonisa iziphumo ezifanayo: imilambo iphumelele.
Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kwiMP3 βyileliβ enomlinganiselo omkhulu we-19,5%. Kodwa kuvavanyo lwe-ffmpeg, i-i9-9900k ilahlekelwa kwi-i7-8700 kunye ne-i7-9700k, kodwa ibetha amawele. Ndaphinda olu vavanyo amaxesha amaninzi kwi-i9-9900k, kodwa umphumo uhlala ufana. Oku sele kungalindelekanga :) Kuvavanyo lwe-multi-threaded, i-multi-threaded ye-processors evavanyiweyo ibonise umphumo ophantsi onjalo, ongaphantsi kwe-9700k kunye ne-8700. Akukho ngcaciso ecacileyo yale nto, kwaye andiyi. andifuni ukwenza iingcinga.
Uvavanyo lwe-openssl lubonisa "i-ladder" ene-gap phakathi kweyesibini neyesithathu. Umahluko phakathi kwamawele kunye nenkokeli i9-9900k isuka kwi-42% ukuya kwi-47%. Umsantsa phakathi kwe-i7-8700 kunye ne-i9-9900k yi-14%. Eyona nto iphambili kukuhamba kunye nee-frequencies.
Kuvavanyo lwe-Apache, i-i7-9700k iphumelele wonke umntu, kuquka i-i9-9900k (6%). Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, umehluko awubalulekanga, nangona kukho i-7% i-gap phakathi kwesiphumo esibi kakhulu se-i7700-7 kunye nesiphumo esihle kakhulu se-i9700-24k.
Ngokubanzi, i-i9-9900k yinkokeli kwiimvavanyo ezininzi, ayiphumelelanga kuphela kwi-ffmpeg. Ukuba uya kusebenza ngevidiyo, kungcono ukuthatha i-i7-9700k okanye i7-8700. Kwindawo yesibini kuluhlu olupheleleyo yi-i7-9700k, emva kancinci kwenkokeli, kwaye naphambili kuvavanyo lweffmpeg kunye ne-apache. Ke ndincoma ngokuzithemba kunye ne-i9-9900k kwabo bahlala befumana ukuthontelana okukhulu kwabasebenzisi kwindawo. Iiprosesa akufuneki zisilele. Besenditshilo ngevidiyo.
I-i7-8700 yenza kakuhle kwi-Sysbench, i-7zip kunye novavanyo lwe-ffmpeg.
Kuzo zonke iimvavanyo, i-i7-7700k ingcono kune-i7-7700 ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-14%, kuvavanyo lwe-ffmpeg i-16%.
Makhe ndikukhumbuze ukuba andizange ndenze naluphi na ulungiselelo ngaphandle kwezo zibonisiwe ekuqaleni, okuthetha ukuba xa ufaka inkqubo ecocekileyo kwi-Dedik osanda kuyithenga kuthi, uya kufumana iziphumo ezifanayo.
Iicores, iintambo, iifrikhwensi - yonke into yethu
Ngokubanzi, iziphumo beziqikelelwa kwaye zilindelwe. Phantse kuzo zonke iimvavanyo, "i-stairy to heaven" ibonakala, ibonisa ukuxhomekeka kokusebenza kwinani lee-cores, iintambo kunye neefrikhwensi: ngaphezulu koku, iziphumo ezingcono.
Kuba zonke izifundo zovavanyo zihlaziya undoqo ofanayo kwinkqubo efanayo yokwenziwa kwaye zingenawo nawuphi na umahluko osisiseko wokwakha, asikwazanga ukufumana ubungqina "obumangalisayo" bokuba abaprosesa bahluke ngokomgangatho omnye komnye.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-i7-9700k kunye ne-i9-9900k iprosesa kuzo zonke iimvavanyo ngaphandle kwe-Sysbench ithande ukuba ngu-zero, kuba ngokusisiseko bahluke kuphela kubukho be-Hyper-Threading teknoloji kunye nekhulu le-megahertz eyongezelelweyo kwimodi ye-Turbo Boost ye-i9-9900k. Kuvavanyo lweSysbench luchasene nje: akusiyo inani leentsimbi ezithatha isigqibo, kodwa inani leentambo.
Kukho umsantsa omkhulu kakhulu kwiimvavanyo ezinemisonto emininzi phakathi kwe-i7-7700 (k) kunye ne-i9-9900k, kwezinye iindawo ngokuphindwe kabini. Kukwakho umahluko phakathi kwe-i7-7700 kunye ne-i7-7700k - i-300 MHz eyongezelelweyo yongeza ukukwazi kokugqibela.
Andikwazi ukuthetha ngempembelelo esemgangathweni yobungakanani bememori ye-cache kwiziphumo zovavanyo- sinayo into esinayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhuselwa okunikwe amandla kwentsapho yeSpecter / Meltdown kufuneka kunciphise kakhulu impembelelo yomthamo wayo kwiziphumo zovavanyo, kodwa oku akuqinisekanga. Ukuba umfundi othandekayo ufuna "isonka kunye neesekisi" kwisebe lethu lezentengiso, ndiya kukuvuyela ukukupompa uvavanyo ngokhuseleko lukhubazekile.
Ngokwenyani, ukuba undibuze: yeyiphi iprosesa ongayikhetha? β Bendiya kuqala ndibale imali esepokothweni yam ndize ndikhethe eyaneleyo. Ngamafutshane, unokufumana ukusuka kwindawo A ukuya kwindawo ye-B kwiZhiguli, kodwa kwi-Mercedes isakhawuleza kwaye imnandi. Iiprosesa ezisekwe kulwakhiwo olufanayo ziya kuthi, ngendlela enye okanye enye, zijamelane noluhlu olufanayo lwemisebenzi - eminye kakuhle, kwaye eminye igqwesile. Ewe, njengoko uvavanyo lubonisile, akukho mahluko ehlabathini lonke phakathi kwabo. Kodwa umsantsa phakathi kwe-i7 kunye ne-i9 awukapheli.
Xa ukhetha iprosesa yeminye imisebenzi ethile, ekhethekileyo kakhulu, efana nokusebenza kunye ne-mp3, ukuqulunqa ukusuka kwimithombo, okanye ukunikezela ngemifanekiso-ntathu ngokulungiswa kokukhanya, kuyavakala ukugxila ekusebenzeni kovavanyo oluhambelanayo. Ngokomzekelo, abaqulunqi banokujonga ngokukhawuleza i-i7-9700k kunye ne-i9-9900k, kwaye izibalo ezinzima zithatha iprosesa nge-teknoloji ye-Hyper-Threading, oko kukuthi, nayiphi na iprosesa ngaphandle kwe-i7-9700k. Imijelo ilawula apha.
Ngoko ke ndikucebisa ukuba ukhethe into onokuyihlawula ngayo, ngokuqwalasela inkcazo, kwaye uya kuvuya.
Uvavanyo lusebenzise iiseva ezisekwe kwi-i7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700k, i7-9700k kunye ne-i9-9900k abaqhubekekisi abane . Nawuphi na kubo unokuodolwa nge-5% isaphulelo kwiinyanga ezi-3 - uqhagamshelwano ngekhowudi yebinzana elithi "Ndiphuma kuHabr." Xa uhlawula ngonyaka, thabatha enye i-10%.
Ubusuku bonke ebaleni , umlawuli wenkqubo FirstDEDIC
umthombo: www.habr.com