Inqaku, kwifom ethandwayo yombuzo-kunye neempendulo, ithetha ngamanqaku aphambili xa usebenzisa amandla ngePoE (Amandla phezu kwe-Ethernet). Umahluko phakathi kwemigangatho inikwe, ulwazi lunikezelwa malunga nokukhusela izixhobo ukusuka kwi-surges kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo.
Yintoni i-PoE?
I-PoE (Amandla phezu kwe-Ethernet) iteknoloji yokubonelela amandla kwisixhobo somthengi nge-twisted pair Ethernet cable (ngokuqhelekileyo i-cat.5 cable ene-RJ45 connectors isetyenziswa). Intambo efanayo isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nokwenza amandla isixhobo.
Ziziphi izixhobo ezixhaswayo?
Oku kulandelayo kunokusebenza njengezixhobo zobonelelo lwamandla:
- iiswitshi,
- iirotha,
- kunye nezinye izixhobo zenethiwekhi.
Oku kulandelayo kungasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zabaxhasi:
- iifowuni ezinengcingo,
- iikhamera zevidiyo,
- iindawo zokufikelela,
- abenzi boluvo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izixhobo peripheral.
Kukho nezixhobo zokudibanisa kunye nezixhobo ezingaxhasi
PoE.
Yenzelwe ntoni le nto?
Kunjengokuba imbongi uVladimir Mayakovsky yabhala: “Ukuba iinkwenkwezi zikhanya, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho umntu okufunayo.” Ngezantsi zizibonelelo zokusebenzisa le teknoloji.
Ukuqhagamshela izixhobo kwiindawo ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo
Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo yokusebenzela yomsebenzisi kukho iziseko ezimbini kuphela: i-monitor kunye neyunithi yenkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iimfuno ezinjalo aziveli ngenxa yeempazamo ekucwangciseni, kodwa zichazwe ngushishino, imimandla kunye neminye imigangatho yokhuseleko lwe-IT, ukhuseleko lomlilo, ukhuseleko lomsebenzi kunye nokunye.
Omnye umzekelo kukuba ikhamera yevidiyo okanye indawo yokufikelela ifakwe phantsi kwesilingi, kunokuba nzima ukwandisa intambo yamandla apho.
Ulawulo Lwezondlo
Inzuzo yesibini kukuba i-PoE ikuvumela ukuba ulawule isixhobo ngokusekelwe kumandla, umzekelo, cima okwethutyana, uvule, okanye uqalise kwakhona (xa ikhenkce, ihlaziywa, okanye ifuneka ngenye indlela).
Oku kulungele ukuba usebenze ukude, okanye xa izixhobo zikwiindawo ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo.
Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa usebenza ngeendawo zofikelelo ezinokuthi zibekwe kumgama omde okanye zifihlwe kwenye indawo ngaphezu kwesilingi yobuxoki.
Qaphela:. Phantse zonke iindawo zokufikelela zangoku ezivela kwi-Zyxel inkxaso ye-PoE
kunye nokubandakanya iimodeli ezintsha ezinenkxaso ye-Wi-Fi 6: njengeyona "bhajethi" kunye nokuhamba phambili и
Umzobo 1. NWA802.11AX dual-band 6ax (Wi-Fi 110) indawo yokufikelela.
Ulondolozo olulula
Ukongeza kokulula kokusetyenziswa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PoE kukuvumela ukuba ukhulule iintloko ngokubhekiselele ekuthengeni nasekulungiseni i-adapters zamandla, ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngeesokethi, umzekelo, ngokuthengwa kwee-PDU (ngamanye amazwi, "ukuthwala i-splitters"). I-nodes ezimbalwa zithetha amanqaku ambalwa okusilela kuthetha ukufowuna okumbalwa kwinkxaso yobugcisa.
ukhuseleko lombane
Nokuba umntu uthini na, iiVolts ezingama-220 zininzi. Ibuhlungu, iyabulala. Kodwa i-57 volts, eyona nto iphezulu ye-PoE, nayo inobungozi obungathandekiyo, kodwa hayi kakhulu. Kweminye imibutho, ukwenzela ukuba umlawuli wenkqubo naye enze umsebenzi wombane, imvume ekhethekileyo iyafuneka. Oku kulawulwa lishishini elifanayo kunye nemigangatho yengingqi. Kwaye nge-PoE, asizange siyazi into enje. Indawo ebuthathaka yindawo ebuthathaka.
Ubuhle
Yintoni eyona nto ifunwa ngabasebenzi bobugcisa? Ukuba nje ibisebenza. Kodwa amanye “amaqabane” aphambili afuna ukuba “mahle” nawo. Umzekelo, ukuze iingcingo "ezongezelelweyo" zingaxhonywanga. Okanye ukuze yonke into ibe nombala ofanayo. Kwaye i-PoE iyabalahla aba baqhubi "bangaphezulu". Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zabahloli, iikhomishini kunye "nabaphathi abakhulu" banomdla ngakumbi kule nto.
Zeziphi izinto ezingeloncedo ngePoE?
Iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo
Ngokwenene, kubiza ngaphezulu. Ngokukodwa ukuba uthatha izixhobo ezingaphezulu okanye ezincinci eziqinisekisiweyo, kwaye ungathembeli "mhlawumbi", ukuthenga "izisombululo zeNoName ezingabizi".
Kwelinye icala, umgaqo othi “ixabiso eliphezulu lithetha ukuba ngcono” awusoloko usebenza. Ngoko ke, kunengqiqo ukuzingela uphawu olubizayo kuphela ukuba kukho iimfuno ezongezelelweyo (kukho uluhlu "lwezixhobo ezivunyiweyo").
Kodwa nangona ixabiso eliphezulu lezixhobo kunye ne-PoE, ixabiso layo linokuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunokulungelelanisa inkqubo ye-cabling eyongezelelweyo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya kwizixhobo ezikude.
Ukwehla kwamandla
Xa uhambisa umqondiso we-low-voltage ngokusebenzisa iingcingo ezincinci, ukusebenza kakuhle, masithi, akuyi kuba kuhle kakhulu. Okukhona ukude ukusuka kubonelelo lwamandla, amandla ombane amancinci aya kushiyelwa kubasebenzisi bamandla. Eminye isetyenziselwa ukuchasana nokufudumeza iingcingo. Ngamandla asekuhlaleni (kungekhona i-PoE) imeko ilula. Ndibeke umbane kwisokethi "kwaye amandla ahamba, ahamba ..."
Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezinjalo zomgama zingasombululwa ngokusebenzisa iiswitshi ezikhethekileyo kunye nokwandisa amandla omqondiso, umzekelo, uchungechunge lweZyxel [GS1300] () kunye .
Iimfuno zemigangatho yemfundo yabasebenzi
Masithi nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-PoE akufuni ulwazi olukhulu, ezinye iinkcukacha
kufuneka iphathwe. Ulwazi malunga nalo mbandela lunokufumaneka ngaphandle kobunzima obuninzi, nangona ukuba umntu akazange asebenze nale teknoloji, uya kuhlangana nezinto zemfundo ezihlakazekileyo kunye neziqhekezayo.
Imigangatho yePoE
Kwabaqalayo, kusenokubakho ukubhideka okuthile. Kukho izizukulwana ezi-3
umgangatho:
Isizukulwana sokuqala se-PoE (i-IEEE 802.3af standard) ibonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15,4 W DC amandla kwisixhobo ngasinye esiqhagamshelweyo.
Isizukulwana sesibini se-IEEE 802.3at standard, esikwabizwa ngokuba yi-PoE+, sinokunikezela ukuya kuma-30 W wamandla ngesixhobo ngasinye. Lo mgangatho usetyenziselwa ukunika amandla abathengi abalambileyo ngakumbi, njenge-Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) iikhamera zokujonga kunye ne-11n indawo yokufikelela ngaphandle kwamacingo.
Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, umahluko ophambili ushwankathelwa kwitheyibhile:
Parameters
IIFO
I-PoE +
Umbane weDC kwisixhobo esiqhutywayo
ukusuka ku-36 ukuya ku-57 V (i-48V engeyiyo)
ukusuka kwi-42,5 ukuya kwi-57 V
Umthombo wamandla ombane
ukusuka kwi-44 ukuya kwi-57 V
ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-57 V
Amandla aphezulu omthombo we-PoE
15,4 W
30 W
Amandla aphezulu afunyenwe ngumthengi we-PoE
12,95 W
25,50 W
Ubuninzi bangoku
350 mA
600 mA
Ubuninzi bokumelana nekhebula
20 Ohm (yekati.3)
12,5 Ohm (yekati.5)
Iiklasi zesondlo
0-3
0-4
Isizukulwana sesithathu sichazwa ngumgangatho we-IEEE 802.3bt.
Izixhobo ze-PoE zesizukulwana sesithathu zinokunika amandla ukuya kwi-51 W phezu kwentambo enye.
Qaphela: Ukwenza izixhobo zisebenzisa i-IEEE 802.3bt itekhnoloji esemgangathweni. Zonke iikondaktara ezisibhozo zentambo yanamhlanje ephothiweyo (ikati. 5 nangaphezulu) zisetyenziswa, ngelixa kwizizukulwana ezibini zokuqala unokudlula ngesine kuphela.
Ngokuhambelana nokuhambelana, izixhobo ze-PoE zibuyela ngasemva zihambelana - amandla ombane anamandla angama-802.3bt angasetyenziselwa abathengi abadala be-PoE kunye ne-PoE + (802.3af, kunye ne-802.3at).
Isigama: Ukuphela kwexesha kunye ne-Mid-Spani
Isiphelo-ixesha - isixhobo esinika amandla ukususela ekuqaleni kwentambo
imigca.
Umzekelo weklasikhi: i-IP telephony switch inika amandla kuthungelwano oluncinci lweefowuni zasekhaya ngaphakathi kweofisi.
Omnye umzekelo yinkqubo yokujonga ividiyo kwindawo encinci yokugcina izinto, apho iikhamera zevidiyo zifumana amandla kwi-switch nge-PoE.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ezinjalo aziboneleli ngezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokwandisa isignali yokubonelela.
Mid-span - xa ukunikezelwa kwamandla kuxhunyiwe kungekhona ekuqaleni komgca wentambo, kodwa ukongeza phakathi kokutshintsha kunye nesixhobo sokuphela. Umzekelo, ukunika amandla ikhamera yevidiyo nge-injector, evulwa emva kokutshintsha kwikhabhinethi ephakathi yokudibanisa.
Isigama esithe chatha kancinci:
- PSE (Isixhobo soMthombo waMandla) - izixhobo zokubonelela ngombane.
- PD (Isixhobo esinamandla) - isixhobo esiqhutywayo.
Ngaba unikezelo lwamandla lunokuqonda ukuba sesiphi isixhobo somthengi esiqhagamshelwe: nge-PoE okanye ngaphandle kwayo?
Ukuba sithetha nge-End-span, umzekelo, malunga nokutshintsha, yonke into eyenzekayo kungekhona nje, kodwa ilula kakhulu. Umthombo wamandla, onjengokutshintsha ngamazibuko e-PoE, uvula amandla kwelo zibuko kuphela ukuba isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe (njengendawo yofikelelo) sixhasa i-PoE.
Isebenza njani?
- Okokuqala, itshekhi yenziwe: ingaba isixhobo somthengi sixhasa amandla nge-PoE. I-voltage ye-2,8 ukuya kwi-10 Volts isetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ukuchasana kwegalelo kunqunywe. Kwimeko apho iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zinokuthathwa njengokwanelisayo kunikezelo lwamandla nge-PoE, isixhobo sombane siqhubela kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
- Isixhobo sonikezelo lwamandla simisela amandla afunekayo ukunika amandla isixhobo somthengi, kulawulo olulandelayo lwala mandla. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa, izixhobo zinikwa iklasi: ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya ku-4.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sithetha ngezixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu ze-Mid-Span ezidityaniswe emva kwezixhobo zenethiwekhi eziqhelekileyo (ngaphandle kwe-PoE), yonke into ayilungile. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unikezelo lwamandla rhoqo kunye neeparitha ezisisigxina ngokuqhelekileyo zinikezelwa kumgca, kwaye isheke "Sisiphi isixhobo esikwesinye isiphelo somgca?" ayenziwa.
Yintoni ongayenza xa ufuna ukudibanisa izixhobo ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-PoE, kodwa akukho ndawo yokuphuma kwi-adapter yamandla?
Kwiimeko ezinjalo isetyenziswa I-PoE engacacanga usebenzisa Isiqhekeza se-PoE.
Kule meko, unikezelo lwamandla alukhethi ifowuni edibeneyo kwaye ayifani namandla ayo. Amandla anikezelwa ngokulula ngokusebenzisa izibini ezijijeweyo zasimahla zisebenzisa i-PoE splitter.
Isahluli se-PoE sahlula isignali efika ngesibini esijijekileyo sibe yidatha namandla (12V-24V). Oku kwenza kube lula ukubonelela ngamandla kunye nokudibanisa isixhobo ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-PoE kwisiseko esikhoyo. Ngale ndlela yokudibanisa, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha ngokucophelela amandla omthombo wamandla kunye nomthengi wayo.
Kuthekani ukuba ngenye indlela? Ngaba ufuna ukudibanisa i-PD (isixhobo somthengi we-PoE) kwisixhobo sothungelwano esiqhelekileyo?
Ukwenza izixhobo zabaxhasi ngePoE, ungasebenzisa Isitofu se-PoE, eyenzelwe ukunika amandla ongezelelweyo kwintambo yenethiwekhi.
I-injector ye-PoE ine-RJ45 ikhonkco kwigalelo kunye nekhonkco lokuxhuma kumthombo wamandla. Kwimveliso inesidibanisi esisodwa se-RJ45 kunye ne-PoE.
I-injector ye-PoE yamkela isignali yenethiwekhi eqhelekileyo kwaye ifake amandla kumgca woxhumo lwenethiwekhi, ekuvumela ukuba udibanise isixhobo se-PoE kwisiphumo.
Umzobo 2. I-injector ye-Zyxel PoE
Ziziphi iimfuno zentambo?
Ukudibanisa xa kunikwe amandla nge-PoE, intambo ephothiweyo ye-cat.5e ubuncinane iyasetyenziswa.
ebalulekileyo. Ii-conductor kufuneka zibe zekopolo, zingabi zi-copper-plated, kwaye ubuncinane zibe yi-0,51 mm (24 AWG) ubukhulu. Ukuchasana kubaqhubi akufanele kudlule i-9,38 Ohm / 100 m.
Ngokwesiqhelo, kucetyiswa ukuba ungasebenzisi iintambo ezinde kune-75m, nangona imigangatho ye-802.3af kunye ne-802.3at ixhasa i-100m. Kwimeko yePassive PoE, iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zithe chatha ngakumbi - ubude bekhebula bokwenyani bokusebenza okuqhelekileyo akufanele budlule kwi-60m.
Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho olukhethekileyo, olufana nokulawulwa inokuxhasa izixhobo kumgama we-250m ngesantya se-10Mb/s.
Umzobo 3. Umzekeliso wendlela esebenza ngayo uHlelo oloNgezelelweyo.
Yintoni ukhuseleko lotyando (SPD)?
Kuyo nayiphi na isekethe yombane eyandisiweyo, kukho isongelo leempembelelo zexesha elifutshane ezibangelwa ukuqokelela intlawulo (ukwandisa ukuhluka okunokwenzeka - ukugqithisa) kulandelwa ukukhutshwa. Ngezantsi zizizathu zokuvela kwee-pulses ezimfutshane ezigqithisekileyo.
- Ukubethelwa kombane kufutshane nento, kubandakanywa intonga yombane, kubangela impembelelo yombane kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, eyenza i-emf efakwe kwintambo.
- Ukuqokelelwa kombane ongatshintshiyo obangelwa yi-ionization yomoya kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle zikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwe-static voltage pulses ezinokonakalisa izixhobo.
- Ukugqithisa ngenxa yokutshintsha kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo, umzekelo, ukutshintsha iintambo ze-patch kwi-crossover, ukuguqula izixhobo zamandla ezongezelelweyo, ukuguqula kunye nokucima umthwalo onamandla kukhokelela ekuveleni kweenkqubo ezidlulayo kwiisekethe zombane kunye nokunyuka okubukhali kwi-pulsed voltage, leyo kunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwezixhobo.
Phawula. Ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: ukubetha kombane kufuphi nento ethile ngexesha lokuduma kwezulu, kunye ne-ionization yomoya kunye nokuqokelelana kombane we-atmospheric ngaphambi kwesiphango, olu hlobo lokukhusela maxa wambi lubizwa ngokuba "ukukhusela umbane." Eli gama alifanele lidideke kunye negama elithi "ukhuseleko lombane" - oko kukuthi, ngokukhuselwa kwisibetho esithe ngqo sombane.
Ukuthintela ezo zoyikiso, kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokukhusela amandla ombane (SPDs). Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokukhusela (SPDs): ukuthenga nokufaka izixhobo zangaphandle kunye nokukhuselwa kwesakhiwo kwizixhobo ze-PoE.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, impendulo yombuzo: zeziphi izixhobo ukukhetha?
Ukukhetha unikezelo lwamandla
Xa bethetha ngokukhetha isixhobo somthombo samandla e-PoE, bathetha ukuphela kwexesha, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo oku kukutshintsha. Ukutshintsha yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu; zisetyenziswa kwi-IP telephony, ucupho lwevidiyo, xa uxhoma iindawo zokufikelela, kwaye xa ufaka zonke iintlobo zezivamvo zenkqubo yokhuseleko, abalawuli be-ACS, njalo njalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi:
- Iyahambelana ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Oko kukuthi, isixhobo sanamhlanje esixhasa umgangatho wamva nje we-IEEE 802.3bt unokusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kunye nokunika amandla izixhobo ezindala. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo - hayi.
- Ukude kwePD (Izixhobo eziMandla). Ukongeza kubude obuthi "apha kwaye ngoku," kuyafaneleka ukucinga ngekamva. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba indawo yokugcina impahla iyanda, okanye ukuhanjiswa kweofisi kucetywayo. Kungcono ukubeka ugcino oluthile lweempawu “zexesha elizayo.”
- Ulawulo lwesixhobo. Ukongeza "kukungena" kwisitshixo kwaye ucime umbane ngesandla kwaye uvule, kukho ezinye iindlela zokulawula, umzekelo, kwiikhamera zevidiyo.
- Ukukhuselwa kwi-surge voltages (SPD) kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
I-Zyxel ineenguqu ezihlangabezana nazo zonke ezi mfuno zingentla. Le yimizekelo yochungechunge olutsha lwe-GS1350. Thina sele Olu chungechunge ekuqaleni lwalubekwe njenge Nangona kunjalo, zinokusetyenziswa kwezinye izicelo ngaphandle kweengxaki, ezifana neefowuni zamandla, iindawo zokufikelela, kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-PoE.
Umzobo 4. GS1350-26HP Dedicated Managed PoE Switch.
IiSwitshi Series ezingalawulwayo nazo lukhetho olulungileyo. Ukukhethwa kokutshintsha okukhethekileyo kwiZyxel kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 5.
Umzobo 5. Ipotfoliyo ye-Zyxel yokutshintsha kwe-PoE elawulwayo nengalawulwayo.
Ukukhetha isixhobo somthengi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa ukhetha izixhobo zokugqibela, zikhokelwa yimpawu zabo zabathengi, umzekelo, umgangatho wesithombe xa ukhetha ikhamera yevidiyo, inkxaso yemigangatho ye-Wi-Fi xa ukhetha iindawo zokufikelela, njalo njalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunikezelwa kombane nako kushiya uphawu lwayo. Kunengqiqo ukuqwalasela le miba ilandelayo:
- Iindleko-ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo.
- Ubunakho bolawulo.
- Ixabiso kunye nomgangatho.
Kubalulekile! Nangona kubhengezwe ukuhambelana okuphezulu, akufanele uthembele kwi-100% kweli thuba. Kwiprojekthi elungileyo, unikezelo lwamandla kunye nabathengi kufuneka baxhase umgangatho omnye, ngokukhethekileyo eyona yangoku, ihambelane ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ithengwe ngokulindela ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha, umzekelo, i-Wi-Fi 6. Ukuphinda usebenze inxalenye yonke yeziseko, ngokuzingca ebizwa ngokuba “yinkqubo yangoku,” idla ngokubiza kakhulu kunezinye iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwinqanaba lokuphunyezwa.
amakhonkco aluncedo
Wi-Fi 6 hotspots: ,
и
Uluhlu lweeSwitshi eziLawulwayo eziKhethekileyo kwaye ayilawuleki kwiwebhusayithi yeZyxel
umthombo: www.habr.com
