Kule nqaku siza kuthetha malunga neziseko zokubamba kunye nokuhlalutya i-SIP traffic eyenziwa yi-3CX PBX. Eli nqaku libhekiswa kubalawuli benkqubo ye-novice okanye abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo abaxanduva lwabo lubandakanya ukugcinwa kweefowuni. Uphononongo olunzulu lwesihloko, sincoma ukuba sihambe .
I-3CX V16 ikuvumela ukuba ubambe itrafikhi ye-SIP ngokuthe ngqo kwi-intanethi ye-server kwaye uyigcine kwifomathi ye-PCAP ye-Wireshark. Unokuqhoboshela ifayile yokubamba xa uqhagamshelana nenkxaso yezobuchwepheshe okanye uyikhuphele uhlalutyo oluzimeleyo.
Ukuba i-3CX isebenza kwi-Windows, kuya kufuneka ufake i-Wireshark kwiseva ye-3CX ngokwakho. Kungenjalo, lo myalezo ulandelayo uya kuvela xa uzama ukuwubamba.
Kwiinkqubo zeLinux, into eluncedo ye-tcpdump ifakelwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa ufaka okanye uhlaziya i-3CX.
Ukubanjwa kwetrafikhi
Ukuqala ukubamba, yiya kwicandelo lojongano Ekhaya> Iziganeko ze-SIP kwaye ukhethe ujongano oza kubamba kulo. Unokubamba i-traffic kulo lonke ujongano ngaxeshanye, ngaphandle kojongano lwe-IPv6 lwetonela.
Kwi-3CX yeLinux, unokubamba i-traffic kumamkeli wendawo (lo). Oku kubanjwa kusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya uqhagamshelwano lwabaxumi be-SIP kusetyenziswa iteknoloji .
Iqhosha lokuThatha iTrafikhi lizisa iWireshark kwiWindows okanye kwi-tcpdump kwiLinux. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka uvelise kwakhona ingxaki ngokukhawuleza, kuba ... ukubamba kuyi-CPU enzulu kwaye ithatha isixa esaneleyo sediski.
Nika ingqalelo kule parameters zilandelayo:
- Inombolo ekufowunelwa kuyo, apho amanye amanani/abathathi-nxaxheba abafowunelwayo nabo bafowunela.
- Ixesha elichanekileyo ingxaki yenzeka ngokwewotshi yeseva ye-3CX.
- Indlela yokufowuna.
Zama ukungacofa naphi na kwi-interface ngaphandle kweqhosha elithi "Yeka". Kwakhona, musa ukucofa amanye amakhonkco kule festile yebrawuza. Ngaphandle koko, ukubanjwa kwetrafikhi kuya kuqhubeka ngasemva kwaye kuya kubangela umthwalo owongezelelweyo kumncedisi.
Ukufumana iFayile yokuThwetha
Iqhosha lokumisa limisa ukuthathwa kwaye ligcine ifayile yokubamba. Ungayikhuphela ifayile kwikhompyuter yakho ukuze uhlalutye kwi-Wireshark utility okanye wenze ifayile ekhethekileyo , eya kubandakanya oku kubanjwa kunye nolunye ulwazi lokulungisa. Emva kokuba ukhutshelwe okanye ubandakanyiwe kwiphakheji yenkxaso, ifayile yokubamba iyacinywa ngokuzenzekelayo kwiseva ye-3CX ngeenjongo zokhuseleko.
Kwiseva ye-3CX ifayile ibekwe kwindawo elandelayo:
- Windows: C:ProgramData3CXInstance1DataLogsdump.pcap
- Linux: /var/lib/3cxpbx/Instance/Data/Logs/dump.pcap
Ukuze ugweme ukunyuka komthwalo weseva okanye ukulahleka kwepakethe ngexesha lokubamba, ixesha lokubamba lilinganiselwe kwiipakethi ze-2 yezigidi. Emva koku, ukubamba kuyeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba ufuna ukubamba ixesha elide, sebenzisa usetyenziso olwahlukileyo lweWireshark njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.
Bamba itrafikhi ngeWireshark eluncedo
Ukuba unomdla kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwetrafikhi yenethiwekhi, yibambe ngesandla. Khuphela usetyenziso lweWireshark kwi-OS yakho . Emva kokufaka usetyenziso kwiseva ye-3CX, yiya kwi-Capture> Interfaces. Lonke ujongano lwenethiwekhi ye-OS luya kuboniswa apha. Ujongano lweedilesi ze-IP zinokuboniswa kumgangatho we-IPv6. Ukubona idilesi ye-IPv4, cofa kwidilesi ye-IPv6.
Khetha i-interface oza kuyibamba kwaye ucofe iqhosha loKhetho. Susa uqwalaselo lweTrafikhi kwimowudi engcolileyo kwaye ushiye ezinye iisetingi zingatshintshwanga.
Ngoku kufuneka uphinde uvelise ingxaki. Xa ingxaki iphinda iveliswa, yeka ukubamba (iMenu Capture> Yeka). Unokukhetha imiyalezo ye-SIP kwi-Telephony > I-SIP Flows menu.
Iziseko zoHlahlelo lweTrafikhi- SIP MEME Umyalezo
Makhe sijonge kwiinkalo eziphambili ze-SIP INVITE message, ethunyelwa ukuseka umnxeba weVoIP, okt. yindawo yokuqala yohlalutyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-SIP INVITE ibandakanya ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-6 imimandla kunye nolwazi olusetyenziswa zizixhobo zokugqibela ze-SIP (iifowuni, isango) kunye nabaqhubi be-telecom. Ukuqonda imixholo ye-INVITE kunye nemiyalezo eyilandelayo ihlala inokunceda ukufumanisa umthombo wengxaki. Ukongezelela, ulwazi lwemimandla ye-INVITE inceda xa udibanisa abaqhubi be-SIP kwi-3CX okanye udibanisa i-3CX kunye nezinye i-SIP PBX.
Kumyalezo we-INVITE, abasebenzisi (okanye izixhobo ze-SIP) zichongwa yi-URI. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-SIP URI yinombolo yefowuni yomsebenzisi + idilesi yeseva ye-SIP. I-SIP URI ifana kakhulu nedilesi ye-imeyile kwaye ibhalwe njenge sip:x@y:Port.
Isicelo-URI:
Isicelo-Umgca-URI - Intsimi iqulethe umamkeli womnxeba. Iqulethe ulwazi olufanayo noloKuya kumhlaba, kodwa ngaphandle kweGama lokuBonisa lomsebenzisi.
Ngendlela:
Via - iseva nganye ye-SIP (ummeleli) apho isicelo se-INVITE sidlula songeza idilesi ye-IP kunye nezibuko apho umyalezo ufunyenwe phezulu kuluhlu lwe-Via. Umyalezo ke ugqithiselwa phambili kwindlela. Xa umamkeli wokugqibela ephendula kwi-INVITE isicelo, zonke iindawo zokuhamba "jonga phezulu" i-Via header kwaye ubuyisele umyalezo kumthumeli ngendlela efanayo. Kule meko, i-proxy ye-SIP yokuthutha isusa idatha yayo kwi-header.
ukusuka:
Ukusuka - i-header ibonisa umqalisi wesicelo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iseva ye-SIP. I-header yenziwe ngendlela efanayo nedilesi ye-imeyile (umsebenzisi @ domain, apho umsebenzisi inombolo yokwandisa yomsebenzisi we-3CX, kunye ne-domain yidilesi ye-IP yendawo okanye i-SIP domain ye-3CX yomncedisi). Njengoku Ku header, i Ukusuka kwi-header iqulathe i-URI kwaye ngokukhetha iGama lokuBonisa lomsebenzisi. Ngokujonga kwi Ukusuka kumbhalo ongasentla, ungaqonda ngqo ukuba esi sicelo se-SIP masiqhutywe njani.
Umgangatho we-SIP i-RFC 3261 umisela ukuba ukuba i-Display Name ayithunyelwanga, i-IP phone okanye i-VoIP gateway (UAC) mayisebenzise i-Display Name "Anonymous", umzekelo, Ukusuka: "Anonymous" <sip:[imeyile ikhuselwe]>.
to:
Ukuya - Lo mbhalo wesihloko ubonisa umamkeli wesicelo. Oku kunokuba ngumamkeli wokugqibela womnxeba okanye ikhonkco eliphakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-header iqulethe i-SIP URI, kodwa ezinye izicwangciso ziyenzeka (bona i-RFC 2806 [9]). Nangona kunjalo, ii-SIP URIs kufuneka zixhaswe kuko konke ukuphunyezwa kweprotocol ye-SIP, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umenzi wehardware. I-Header inokuba neGama lokuBonisa, umzekelo Ukuya: "FirstNameLastName" <sip:[imeyile ikhuselwe]>).
Ngokwesiqhelo i-To field iqulathe i-SIP URI ekhomba kweyokuqala (elandelayo) iproxy ye-SIP eya kuqhubekekisa isicelo. Oku akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe ngumamkeli wokugqibela wesicelo.
Uqhagamshelwano:
Uqhagamshelwano - i-header iqulethe i-SIP URI onokuqhagamshelana ngayo nomthumeli wesicelo se-INVITE. Le yiheader efunekayo kwaye kufuneka iqulathe i-SIP URI enye kuphela. Yinxalenye yonxibelelwano olundlela-mbini oluhambelana nesicelo sokuqala SIP INVITE. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-header yoQhagamshelwano iqulethe ulwazi oluchanekileyo (kuquka idilesi ye-IP) apho umthumeli wesicelo elindele impendulo. URI UQhagamshelwano lukwasetyenziswa kunxibelelwano olongezelelweyo, emva kokuba iseshini yonxibelelwano isekiwe.
Vumela:
Vumela - indawo iqulethe uluhlu lweeparamitha (iindlela ze-SIP), ezahlulwe ngeekoma. Bachaza ukuba yeyiphi iprotocol ye-SIP exhaswa ngumthumeli onikiweyo (isixhobo). Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweendlela: ACK, BYE, CANCEL, INFO, MEME, YAZISA, IINKETHO, PRACK, REFERE, BHALISA, BHALISA, UHLAZIYO. Iindlela ze-SIP zichazwe ngokubanzi .
umthombo: www.habr.com