Ingaba imizuzwana emihlanu mininzi okanye incinci? Ukusela ikofu eshushu akwanelanga, ukuswayipha ikhadi lakho kwaye uye emsebenzini kuninzi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nangenxa yokulibaziseka okunjalo, imigca yenzeka kwiindawo zokuhlola, ngakumbi kusasa. Ngoku masizalisekise iimfuno zothintelo lwe-COVID-19 kwaye siqale ukulinganisa ubushushu bakhe wonke umntu ongena? Ixesha lokuhamba liya kwanda ngamaxesha angama-3-4, ngenxa yesi sihlwele siya kubonakala, kwaye endaweni yokulwa nentsholongwane, siya kufumana iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusasazeka kwayo.
Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, kufuneka ulungelelanise abantu emgceni okanye uzenzele le nkqubo. Kwinketho yesibini, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha ubushushu benani elikhulu labantu ngexesha elinye, ngaphandle komthwalo ngezenzo ezongezelelweyo. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokongeza inkqubo yokucupha ividiyo kwaye wenze iintshukumo ezininzi ngaxeshanye: chonga ubuso, ulinganise ubushushu kwaye umisele ubukho bemaski. Sithethe ngendlela ezisebenza ngayo iinkqubo kwinkomfa yethu β"kwaye siya kukuxelela ngakumbi ngokweenkcukacha.
Zisetyenziswa phi iinkqubo zokujonga i-thermal?
Umfanekiso we-thermal sisixhobo sombane esibonayo βesibonayoβ kwi-infrared spectrum. Ewe, oku kukwayinto enye kwiifilimu zesenzo malunga nokugxotha amandla akhethekileyo kunye neefilimu malunga nePredator, enemibala emihle yomfanekiso oqhelekileyo kwiitoni ezibomvu neziluhlaza. Ngokwenyani, akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ngayo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi: imifanekiso eshushu imisela indawo kunye nokumila kwezinto ezikhupha ubushushu kwaye zilinganise ubushushu bazo.
Kumashishini, imifanekiso eshushu sele isetyenziselwa ukujonga amaqondo obushushu kwimigca yokuvelisa, izixhobo zoshishino okanye imibhobho. Amaxesha amaninzi imifanekiso eshushu inokubonwa kumjikelezo wezinto ezinobuzaza: iinkqubo zokujonga i-thermal βbonaβ ubushushu obukhutshwa ngumntu. Ngoncedo lwazo, iinkqubo zokhuseleko zifumanisa ukungena ngokungekho mthethweni kwiziko nokuba sekumnyamβ entla.
Ngenxa ye-COVID-19, iikhamera zomfanekiso oshushu ziya zisanda zidityaniswa neenkqubo zokuchongwa kwebhayometriki zolawulo lofikelelo. Umzekelo, idityaniswe kwi "Β» (isisombululo esibanzi esivela kwi-Rostelecom, ephuhliswayo kwaye senziwa eRashiya) izixhobo zokujonga i-thermal zinokulinganisa ubushushu babantu, ukulandelela ukuhamba kunye nokugqamisa abantu abanobushushu obuphezulu.
Akukho migangatho enyanzelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokujonga i-thermal eRashiya, kodwa kukho ngokubanzi , ngokutsho oko kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso ubushushu bazo zonke iindwendwe kunye nabasebenzi. Kwaye iinkqubo zokucinga nge-thermal zenza oku ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kokufuna izenzo ezongezelelweyo kubasebenzi kunye neendwendwe.
Zisebenza njani iisistim zokulinganisa ubushushu obungadibanisiyo
Isiseko senkqubo yi-complex ye-thermal imaging complex equkethe i-imaging ye-thermal kunye neekhamera eziqhelekileyo, ezifakwe kwizindlu eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba uhamba epasejini kwaye ikhamera etyebileyo enamehlo amabini ikujongile ebusweni, lo ngumfanekiso oshushu. Iipranksters zaseTshayina ngamanye amaxesha zibenza zibe mhlophe kwaye zongeze "iindlebe" ezincinci ukuze zibukeke njenge-pandas.
I-optics elula iyadingeka ukudibanisa kunye ne-BioSKUD kunye nokusebenza kwe-algorithms yokuqaphela ubuso - ukuchonga nokujonga ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zokukhusela zomntu (iimasks) kulabo abangenayo. Ukongeza, ikhamera eqhelekileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga umgama phakathi kwabantu okanye phakathi kwabantu kunye nezixhobo. Kwi-software, ulwazi lwevidiyo malunga neziphumo zomlinganiselo luboniswa kwifomu eqhelekileyo kumsebenzisi.
Ukuze umfanekiso we-thermal usabele kuphela kwiqondo lobushushu labantu, sele iqulethe i-algorithm yokubona ubuso. Isixhobo sifunda ukushisa kwi-matrix ye-thermal kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo - kule meko, kwindawo ebunzi. Ngaphandle kwesi "sihluzo," i-imeji ye-thermal iya kuqala kwiikomityi zekofu eshushu, ii-incandescent light bulbs, njl. Imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo iquka ukubeka esweni ubukho bezixhobo zokukhusela kunye nokugcina umgama.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ekungeneni kweendawo, iinkqubo zokujonga i-thermal zihlanganiswe kunye nokulawula ukufikelela kunye neenkqubo zokulawula. I-complex idibanisa kwi-server, eyenza idatha engenayo isebenzisa i-algorithms ye-video analytics kwaye idlulisele kwi-automated operator workstation (AWS).
Ukuba ikhamera yokulinganisa i-thermal ibona ukushisa okuphakamileyo, ngoko ikhamera eqhelekileyo ithatha ifoto yendwendwe kwaye iyithumele kwinkqubo yokulawula ukuchongwa kunye nedatha yabasebenzi okanye iindwendwe.
Ukulungelelaniswa kweenkqubo zokujonga i-thermal: ukusuka kwiisampuli zereferensi ukuya ekufundeni komatshini
Ukuseta kunye nokusebenza ukuhambisa umlinganiselo wobushushu obungadibanisiyo, uqhele ukusetyenziswa umzimba omnyama ngokupheleleyo (ABL), ethi nakweyiphi na iqondo lobushushu ifunxe imitha ye-electromagnetic kuzo zonke iindidi. Ifakwe kwindawo yokujonga ikhamera yomfanekiso we-thermal kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-image yokushisa. I-blackbody igcina ukushisa kwereferensi ye-32-40 Β° C (kuxhomekeke kumvelisi), apho isixhobo "sijongwa" rhoqo xa silinganisa ubushushu bezinye izinto.
Kunzima ukusebenzisa inkqubo enjalo. Ke, ukuze umfanekiso oshushu usebenze ngokuchanekileyo, umzimba omnyama kufuneka ufudumale ukuya kubushushu obufunwayo kangangemizuzu eyi-10-15. Kwesinye isikhungo, i-thermal imaging complex yayicinywa ebusuku, kwaye kusasa i-blackbody yayingenalo ixesha lokufudumala kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, wonke umntu ongena kwishifti wayenobushushu obuphakamileyo ekuqaleni kokutshintsha. Emva kwexesha siyifumene, kwaye ngoku inkqubo yokujonga i-thermal ayicinywa ebusuku.
Ngoku siphuhlisa itekhnoloji yovavanyo evumela ukuba senze ngaphandle komntu omnyama. Kwavela ukuba ulusu lwethu lusondele kwiimpawu zalo kumzimba omnyama ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ubuso bomntu bunokusetyenziswa njengomgangatho. Siyazi ukuba abantu abaninzi banobushushu bomzimba obuyi-36,6 Β°C. Ukuba, umzekelo, ulandelela abantu ngobushushu obufanayo kangangemizuzu eli-10 kwaye uthathe obu bushushu bube yi-36,6 Β°C, ngoko ungalinganisa umfanekiso oshushu ngokusekwe ebusweni babo. Le teknoloji, iphunyezwe ngoncedo lobukrelekrele bokufakelwa, ibonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo - akukho nto imbi kuneenkqubo zokucinga ze-thermal kunye ne-blackbody.
Apho isasetyenziswa i-blackbody, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bunceda ekulinganiseni imifanekiso eshushu. Inyani kukuba uninzi lweenkqubo zokucinga ezishushu zifuna ukufakwa ngesandla komfanekiso we-thermal kunye nohlengahlengiso lwayo kumzimba omnyama. Kodwa ke, xa iimeko ziguquka, ulungelelwaniso kufuneka lwenziwe kwakhona, kungenjalo imifanekiso ye-thermal iqala ukubonisa ukuphambuka kobushushu okanye isabela kwiindwendwe ezinobushushu obuqhelekileyo. Ukulinganisa ngesandla kuluvuyo olunjalo, ke ngoko siye saphuhlisa imodyuli esekwe kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, enoxanduva lokubona umzimba omnyama kwaye ilungelelanise yonke into ngokwayo.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uzifihle kwii-algorithms?
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokufunda koomatshini kuhlala kusetyenziswa kwibhayometriki engaqhagamshelwanga. I-AI inoxanduva lokubona ubuso kumlambo ukulinganisa ukushisa, ukungazinaki izinto zangaphandle (indebe eshushu yekhofi okanye itiye, izinto zokukhanyisa, i-electronics). Ewe, ukuqeqeshwa kwee-algorithms zokubona ubuso obunxibe iimaski kuye kwayimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo ukusukela ngo-2018, kwanangaphambi kwekoronavirus: kuMbindi Mpuma, abantu bagquma indawo ebalulekileyo yobuso babo ngenxa yezizathu zonqulo, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi aseAsia kudala bephila. sebenzisa iimaski ukukhusela kumkhuhlane okanye umsi wasedolophini. Ukuqaphela ubuso obufihliweyo kunzima ngakumbi, kodwa i-algorithms nayo iyaphucuka: namhlanje iinethiwekhi ze-neural zibona ubuso obunxibe iimaski ezinokubakho okufanayo kunyaka ophelileyo ngaphandle kwemaski.
Kuya kubonakala ngathi iimaski kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuzikhusela kufanele ukuba zibe yingxaki ekuchongeni. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, akukho bukho bemaski okanye utshintsho kwi-hairstyle okanye ukumila kweeglasi kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokuqatshelwa. Ii-algorithms zokubona ubuso zisebenzisa amanqaku avela kwindawo ye-eye-ear-ear-nose ehlala evulekile.
Imeko kuphela "yokungaphumeleli" kwindlela yethu yokusebenza ibandakanya ukutshintsha imbonakalo yomntu ngotyando lweplastiki. Umqeshwa emva kotyando lweplastiki akakwazanga ukudlula kwii-turnstiles: iiprosesa zebhayometriki azikwazanga ukumchonga. Kwafuneka ndihlaziye ifoto ukuze ukufikelela ngejometri yobuso kusebenze kwakhona.
Izakhono zeenkqubo zokujonga i-thermal
Ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kunye nesantya sawo kuxhomekeke kwisisombululo sematrix yomfanekiso oshushu kunye nezinye iimpawu zayo. Kodwa emva kwayo nayiphi na i-matrix kukho isofthiwe: i-algorithm ye-analytics yevidiyo inoxanduva lokuchonga izinto kwisakhelo, ukuchonga nokucoca.
Ngokomzekelo, i-algorithm yezinye zee-complexes ilinganisa ukushisa kwabantu abangama-20 ngexesha elinye. Umthamo wekhompleksi ufikelela kubantu abangama-400 ngomzuzu, okwaneleyo ukusetyenziswa kumashishini amakhulu, kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya nakwizikhululo zikaloliwe. Kwangaxeshanye, imifanekiso eshushu irekhoda ubushushu kumgama ofikelela kwiimitha ezisi-9 ngokuchaneka kwe-plus okanye thabatha 0,3 Β°C.
Kukho ii-complexes ezilula. Nangona kunjalo, banako ukumelana nemisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo. Esinye isisombululo kukudibanisa umfanekiso oshushu kwisakhelo sesixhobo sokujonga isinyithi. Le setethi yezixhobo ifanelekile kwiindawo zokutshekisha kunye nokuhamba okuncinci kweendwendwe - ukuya kuma-40 abantu ngomzuzu. Isixhobo esinjalo sibona ubuso babantu kwaye silinganisa ubushushu ngokuchaneka kwe-0,5 Β°C kumgama ongange-1 mitha.
Iingxaki xa usebenza ngemifanekiso eshushu
Umlinganiselo wobushushu obungadibaniyo nabantu abakumlambo awunakubizwa ngokugqibeleleyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ebengaphandle ixesha elide kwimozulu ebandayo, emnyango umfanekiso oshushu uya kubonisa ubushushu obuphakathi kwe-1β2 Β°C ngaphantsi kweyokwenene. Ngenxa yoku, inkqubo inokuvumela abantu abanamaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuba bangene kwindawo. Oku kunokusonjululwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo:
- a) yenza i-corridor ye-thermal ukwenzela ukuba ngaphambi kokulinganisa iqondo lokushisa, abantu baziqhelanise kwaye bahambe kude neqabaka;
- b) ngeentsuku zeqabaka, yongeza i-1-2 Β°C kubushushu babo bonke abakhweli abangenayo - nangona kunjalo, oku kuya kwenza abo bafike ngemoto bakrokre.
Enye ingxaki yexabiso leesistim ezichanekileyo zokujonga i-thermal. Oku kungenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa i-matrix yokucinga ye-thermal, efuna ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo, i-germanium optics, njl.
umthombo: www.habr.com