Molweni nonke, igama lam ngu-Igor Tyukachev kwaye ndingumcebisi wokuqhuba ishishini. Kwiposti yanamhlanje siza kuba nengxoxo ende nedinayo yeenyaniso ezifanayo.Ndifuna ukwabelana ngamava am kwaye ndithethe ngeempazamo eziphambili ezenziwa ziinkampani xa ziphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuqhubekeka kweshishini.
1. I-RTO kunye ne-RPO ngokungaqhelekanga
Eyona mpazamo ibalulekileyo endiyibonileyo kukuba ixesha lokubuyisela (RTO) likhutshwa emoyeni. Ewe, emoyeni obhityileyo-umzekelo, kukho amanani kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo evela kwi-SLA athe umntu wayizisa kwindawo asebenza kuyo yangaphambili. Kutheni besenza oku? Emva kwakho konke, ngokweendlela zonke, kufuneka uqale uhlalutye imiphumo yeenkqubo zoshishino, kwaye ngokusekelwe kolu hlalutyo, ubale ixesha lokubuyisela ekujoliswe kulo kunye nokulahleka kwedatha okwamkelekileyo. Kodwa ukwenza uhlalutyo olunjalo ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha ixesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha kuyabiza, ngamanye amaxesha akucaci kakuhle indlela-kugxininisa into ekufuneka yenziwe. Kwaye into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni yabaninzi yile: βSonke sibadala kwaye siyayiqonda indlela elisebenza ngayo ishishini. Masingachithi xesha kunye nemali! Masithathe ukudibanisa okanye uthabathe njengoko kufanele ukuba. Ngaphandle kwentloko yakho, usebenzisa ubuchule beproletarian! I-RTO mayibe ziiyure ezimbini.β
Oku kukhokelela entwenini? Xa ufika kulawulo lwemali kwimisebenzi yokuqinisekisa i-RTO / RPO efunekayo ngamanani athile, isoloko ifuna ukulungiswa. Ukuba akukho sizathu, ngoko umbuzo uvela: uyifumana phi? Kwaye akukho nto yokuphendula. Ngenxa yoko, ukuzithemba emsebenzini wakho kulahlekile.
Ngaphandle koko, ngamanye amaxesha ezo yure zimbini zokuchacha zibiza isigidi seerandi. Kwaye ukuthethelela ixesha le-RTO ngumbandela wemali, kwaye ezinkulu kakhulu apho.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, xa uzisa i-BCP yakho kunye / okanye i-DR isicwangciso kubadlali (abaza kubaleka ngokwenene kwaye bephakamise iingalo zabo ngexesha lengozi), baya kubuza umbuzo ofanayo: zivela phi ezi yure zimbini? Kwaye ukuba awukwazi ukuchaza oku ngokucacileyo, ke abayi kuba nentembelo kuwe okanye kuxwebhu lwakho.
Ijika ibe sisiqwenga sephepha ngenxa yephetshana, ukungabhaliswa. Ngendlela, abanye benza oku ngabom, nje ukwanelisa iimfuno zomlawuli.
Ewe, uyaqonda
2. Unyango lwento yonke
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba isicwangciso se-BCP siphuhliswa ukukhusela zonke iinkqubo zoshishino kuzo naziphi na izoyikiso. Kutshanje, umbuzo othi "Sifuna ukuzikhusela ngantoni?" Ndeva impendulo: "Yonke into nangaphezulu."
Kodwa inyaniso kukuba isicwangciso senzelwe ukukhusela kuphela ngqo iinkqubo zoshishino eziphambili zenkampani ukusuka ngqo izoyikiso. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuphuhlisa isicwangciso, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ukwenzeka kweengozi kwaye uhlalutye iziphumo zabo kwishishini. Uvavanyo lomngcipheko luyafuneka ukuze uqonde ukuba zeziphi izoyikiso inkampani eyoyikayo. Kwimeko yokutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo kuya kuba nesicwangciso sokuqhubekeka esinye, kwimeko yoxinzelelo lwezohlwayo kuya kubakho enye, kwaye kwimeko yezikhukula kuya kuba nesithathu. Kwaneendawo ezimbini ezifanayo kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo zinokuba nezicwangciso ezahlukileyo kakhulu.
Akunakwenzeka ukukhusela inkampani yonke ngeBCP enye, ngakumbi enkulu. Umzekelo, iX5 Retail Group enkulu yaqala ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka neenkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zeshishini (sibhale malunga noku ). Kwaye akukho ngqiqweni ukuvala yonke inkampani ngesicwangciso esinye; oku kuphuma kudidi "loxanduva oluhlangeneyo", xa wonke umntu enoxanduva kwaye kungekho mntu unoxanduva.
Umgangatho we-ISO 22301 uqulethe ingcamango yomgaqo-nkqubo, apho, ngokwenene, inkqubo yokuqhubeka kwinkampani iqala. Ichaza into esiya kuyikhusela nokuba yintoni na. Ukuba abantu beza bebaleka kwaye bacele ukongeza le naleya, umzekelo:
β Makhe songeze kwi-BCP umngcipheko wokuba siya kugqekezelwa?
Okanye
- Kutshanje, ngexesha lemvula, umgangatho wethu ongaphezulu ukhukuliswe ngamanzi - makhe songeze imeko yento ekufuneka yenziwe xa kukho izikhukula?
Emva koko ubathumele ngokukhawuleza kulo mgaqo-nkqubo kwaye uthi sikhusela ii-asethi zenkampani ethile kwaye kuphela kwizisongelo ezithile, ezivunyelwene kwangaphambili, kuba zizinto eziphambili ngoku.
Kwaye nokuba izindululo zotshintsho zifanelekile ngenene, nikela ukuba uzithathele ingqalelo kuhlelo olulandelayo lomgaqo-nkqubo. Kuba ukukhusela inkampani kubiza imali eninzi. Ngoko ke zonke iinguqu kwisicwangciso se-BCP kufuneka zidlule kwikomiti yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nocwangciso. Sincoma ukuphonononga umgaqo-nkqubo wokuqhubekeka kweshishini lenkampani kanye ngonyaka okanye kwangoko emva kotshintsho olubalulekileyo kwisakhiwo senkampani okanye iimeko zangaphandle (bangabafundi bangandixolela ngokutsho njalo).
3. Iingcamango kunye nenyani
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba xa usenza isicwangciso se-BCP, ababhali bachaza umfanekiso ofanelekileyo wehlabathi. Umzekelo, "asinalo iziko ledatha lesibini, kodwa siya kubhala isicwangciso ngokungathi senzayo." Okanye ishishini alikabinayo inxalenye yesiseko, kodwa abasebenzi basazokongeza kwisicwangciso ngethemba lokuba liya kuvela kwixesha elizayo. Kwaye ke inkampani iya kolula inyani kwisicwangciso: yakha iziko ledatha yesibini, chaza olunye utshintsho.
Ngasekhohlo liziseko ezingundoqo ezihambelana ne-BCP, ngakwesokunene sisiseko sokwenyani
Konke oku kuyimpazamo. Ukubhala isicwangciso se-BCP kuthetha ukuchitha imali. Ukuba ubhala isicwangciso esingasebenziyo ngoku, uya kuba uhlawulela iphepha elibiza kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela kuyo, akunakwenzeka ukuyivavanya. Ijika ibe ngumsebenzi ngenxa yomsebenzi.
Ungabhala isicwangciso ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukwakha isiseko sogcino kunye nokuchitha imali kuzo zonke izisombululo zokhuseleko kude kwaye kuyabiza. Oku kungathatha ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Kwaye kunokuvela ukuba sele unaso isicwangciso, kwaye isiseko sayo siya kubonakala kwiminyaka emibini. Kutheni kufuneka isicwangciso esinjalo? Iza kukukhusela kwintoni?
Kwakhona kuyifantasy xa iqela lophuhliso lwe-BCP liqala ukufumanisa iingcali ukuba kufuneka zenze ntoni kwaye ngaliphi ixesha. Iphuma kudidi: βXa ubona ibhere kwi-taiga, kufuneka ujike kwelinye icala ukusuka kwibhere kwaye ubaleke ngesantya esidlula isantya sebhere. Ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika, kufuneka uvale umkhondo wakho. "
4. Imiphezulu kunye neengcambu
Eyesine eyona mpazamo ibalulekileyo kukwenza isicwangciso sibe singaphandle okanye sibe neenkcukacha kakhulu. Sifuna intsingiselo yegolide. Isicwangciso akufuneki sibe neenkcukacha kakhulu kwi-idiots, kodwa akufuneki sibe ngokubanzi kakhulu ukuze into enje iphele:
On lula ngokubanzi
5. KuKesare-okukaKesare kuyintoni na, kumkhandi-kuyintoni na okukaKesare.
Impazamo elandelayo isuka kweyangaphambili: isicwangciso esinye asikwazi ukwamkela zonke iintshukumo zawo onke amanqanaba olawulo. Izicwangciso ze-BCP zihlala ziphuhliswa kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezinokuhamba kwemali enkulu (ngendlela, ngokutsho kwethu , ngokomyinge, i-48% yeenkampani ezinkulu zaseRashiya zidibene neemeko ezingxamisekileyo ezibandakanya ilahleko enkulu yemali) kunye nenkqubo yokulawula amanqanaba amaninzi. Kwiinkampani ezinjalo, akufanelekile ukuzama ukufaka yonke into kuxwebhu olunye. Ukuba inkampani inkulu kwaye yakhiwe, isicwangciso kufuneka sibe namanqanaba amathathu ahlukeneyo:
- inqanaba lobuchule - kubaphathi abaphezulu;
- inqanaba lobuchule - kubaphathi abaphakathi;
- kunye nenqanaba lokusebenza - kwabo babandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwintsimi.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba sithetha ngokubuyisela isiseko sesiseko esingaphumeleliyo, ngoko kwinqanaba lobuchule isigqibo senziwe ukuze kusebenze isicwangciso sokubuyisela, kwinqanaba le-tactical iinkqubo zenkqubo zingachazwa, kwaye kwinqanaba lokusebenza kukho imiyalelo yokugunyaziswa okuthe ngqo. izixhobo zokusebenza.
BCP ngaphandle kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali
Wonke umntu uyayibona indawo yakhe yoxanduva kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye abasebenzi. Ngethuba lengozi, wonke umntu uvula isicwangciso, ngokukhawuleza ufumana inxalenye yakhe kwaye ayilandele. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ukhumbule ngentloko ukuba ngawaphi amaphepha oza kuwavula, kuba ngamanye amaxesha imizuzu ibala.
6. Ukudlala indima
Enye impazamo xa udweba isicwangciso se-BCP: akukho mfuneko yokubandakanya amagama athile, idilesi ye-imeyile kunye nolunye ulwazi loqhagamshelwano kwisicwangciso. Kwisicatshulwa soxwebhu ngokwalo, kufuneka kuboniswe kuphela iindima ezingenabuntu, kwaye le misebenzi ifanele inikwe amagama abo banoxanduva lwemisebenzi ethile kwaye abafowunelwa babo mabadweliswe kwisihlomelo sesicwangciso.
Kutheni?
Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi batshintsha imisebenzi rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu. Kwaye ukuba ubhala phantsi bonke abo banoxanduva kunye nabafowunelwa babo kwisicatshulwa sesicwangciso, ngoko kuya kufuneka ukuba utshintshwe rhoqo. Kwaye kwiinkampani ezinkulu, kwaye ngakumbi urhulumente, utshintsho ngalunye kulo naluphi na uxwebhu lufuna itoni yokuvunywa.
Ungasathethi ke ukuba xa kuvela imeko kaxakeka kwaye kufuneka uphume ngokukhawuleza kwisicwangciso kwaye ujonge umfowunelwa olungileyo, uya kuphulukana nexesha elixabisekileyo.
I-Hack yoBomi: xa utshintsha isicelo, uhlala ungafuneki nokuba usivume. Elinye icebiso: ungasebenzisa isicwangciso sohlaziyo lweenkqubo ezizenzekelayo.
7. Ukunqongophala koguqulelo
Ngokuqhelekileyo benza isicwangciso soguqulelo lwe-1.0, kwaye emva koko benze lonke utshintsho ngaphandle kwemodi yokuhlela, kwaye ngaphandle kokutshintsha igama lefayile. Kwangaxeshanye, kaninzi akucaci ukuba yintoni etshintshileyo xa kuthelekiswa nenguqulelo yangaphambili. Ukungabikho koguqulelo, isicwangciso siphila ubomi baso, obungalandelwanga nangayiphi na indlela. Iphepha lesibini laso nasiphi na isicwangciso se-BCP kufuneka sibonise inguqulelo, umbhali weenguqu, kunye noluhlu lweenguqu ngokwazo.
Akukho mntu unokuphinda ayiqonde
8. Ngubani endimele ndibuze?
Amaxesha amaninzi iinkampani azinamntu onoxanduva lwesicwangciso seBCP kwaye akukho sebe lahlukileyo elinoxanduva lokuqhubekeka kweshishini. Olu xanduva luhloniphekileyo lwabelwe i-CIO, isekela lakhe, okanye ngokomgaqo othi "ujongene nokhuseleko lolwazi, ngoko nantsi i-BCP." Ngenxa yoko, isicwangciso siphuhliswa, sivunyelwene kwaye sivunywe yiyo yonke into, ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu.
Ngubani onoxanduva lokugcina isicwangciso, ukuhlaziya, nokuhlaziya ulwazi olukuso? Oku kunokungamiselwa. Ukuqesha umqeshwa owahlukileyo kule nto kuyinkcitho, kodwa ukulayisha enye yezinto ezikhoyo kunye nemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo kunokwenzeka, ewe, kuba wonke umntu ngoku ulwela ukusebenza kakuhle: "Masixhome isibane kuye ukuze akwazi ukucheba ebusuku," kodwa iyimfuneko?
Sijonge abo banoxanduva lweBCP kwiminyaka emibini emva kokudalwa kwayo
Ngoko ke, kaninzi kwenzeka ngolu hlobo: isicwangciso saphuhliswa kwaye safakwa kwibhokisi elide ukuze ligqunywe ngothuli. Akukho mntu uyivavanyayo okanye ogcina ukufaneleka kwayo. Elona binzana lixhaphakileyo endilivayo xa ndisiza kumthengi lithi: βKukho isicwangciso, kodwa saphuhliswa kwakudala, ukuba savavanywa akwaziwa, kukho ukurhanelwa ukuba asisebenzi.β
9. Amanzi amaninzi
Kukho izicwangciso apho intshayelelo inamaphepha amahlanu ubude, kuquka inkcazo yezinto ezifunekayo kunye nombulelo kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwiprojekthi, kunye nolwazi malunga nento eyenziwa yinkampani. Ngexesha lokuskrola ukuya kwiphepha leshumi, apho kukho ulwazi oluluncedo, iziko lakho ledatha sele likhukulisekile.
Xa uzama ukufunda ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba iziko lakho ledatha lizaliswe ngamanzi?
Beka onke βamanziβ equmrhu kuxwebhu olwahlukileyo. Isicwangciso ngokwaso kufuneka sicace ngokugqithisileyo: umntu onoxanduva lwalo msebenzi wenza oku, njalo njalo.
10. Ngeendleko zikabani isidlo?
Amaxesha amaninzi, abaqulunqi bezicwangciso abanayo inkxaso kubaphathi abaphezulu benkampani. Kodwa kukho inkxaso evela kubaphathi abaphakathi abangalawuliyo okanye abangenalo uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluyimfuneko kunye nezibonelelo zokulawula ukuqhubeka kweshishini. Ngokomzekelo, isebe le-IT lenza isicwangciso sayo se-BCP ngaphakathi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kodwa i-CIO ayiboni umfanekiso wenkampani yonke. Umzekelo wam endiwuthandayo yinkomfa yevidiyo. Xa inkomfa yevidiyo ye-CEO ingasebenzi, ngubani oza kugxotha? I-CIO "engazange ibonelele." Ngoko ke, ngokombono weCIO, yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkampani? Yintoni abantu abahlala "bemthanda" ngayo: inkomfa yevidiyo, ejika ngokukhawuleza ibe yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yoshishino. Kwaye ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ishishini - hayi, akukho VKS, cinga nje, siya kuthetha ngefowuni, njengaphantsi kukaBrezhnev ...
Ukongezelela, isebe le-IT lidla ngokucinga ukuba umsebenzi walo oyintloko xa kwenzeka intlekele kukubuyisela ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-IT zenkampani. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha awudingi ukwenza oku! Ukuba kukho inkqubo yeshishini kwindlela yoshicilelo lwamaqhekeza ephepha kumshicileli obiza kakhulu, ngoko akufanele uthenge umshicileli wesibini onjalo njenge-spare kwaye uyibeke ecaleni kwayo kwimeko yokwaphuka. Kunokwanela ukufaka umbala okwethutyana amaphepha ngesandla.
Ukuba sakha ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwe-IT, kufuneka sicele inkxaso yabaphathi abaphezulu kunye nabameli bezoshishino. Kungenjalo, ukuba i-pupated ngaphakathi kwisebe le-IT, unokusombulula uluhlu oluthile lweengxaki, kodwa ayizizo zonke eziyimfuneko.
Yile nto imeko ikhangeleka ngayo xa kuphela isebe le-IT elinezicwangciso ze-DR
10. Akukho vavanyo
Ukuba kukho isicwangciso, kufuneka sivavanywe. Kwabo bangaqhelananga nemigangatho, oku akubonakali kwaphela. Umzekelo, uneempawu "zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka" ezijinga yonke indawo. Kodwa khawundixelele, iphi iemele yakho yomlilo, ihuku kunye nomhlakulo wakho? Siphi isixhobo sokucima umlilo? Kufuneka sibekwe phi isicima-mlilo? Kodwa wonke umntu kufuneka akwazi oku. Akukho ngqiqweni kuthi kwaphela ukufumana isicima-mlilo xa singena eofisini.
Mhlawumbi isidingo sokuvavanya isicwangciso kufuneka sikhankanywe kwisicwangciso ngokwaso, kodwa esi sisigqibo esiphikisanayo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, isicwangciso sinokuthathwa ngokuba sisebenza kuphela ukuba siye savavanywa ubuncinane kanye. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ndihlala ndisiva: βKukho isicwangciso, zonke iziseko zophuhliso zilungisiwe, kodwa asiyonyani into yokuba yonke into iya kusebenza njengoko kubhaliwe kwisicwangciso. Kuba abazange bayivavanye. Ungaze".
Ekugqibeleni
Ezinye iinkampani zinokuhlalutya imbali yazo ukuze ziqonde ukuba luhlobo luni lweengxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke kwaye zinokwenzeka kangakanani na. Uphando namava acebisa ukuba asinakuzikhusela kuyo yonke into. I-Shit, kungekudala okanye kamva, yenzeke kuyo nayiphi na inkampani. Enye into yindlela oza kuyilungiselela ngayo le meko okanye imeko efanayo nokuba uya kukwazi ukubuyisela ishishini lakho kwangethuba.
Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba ukuqhubeka kumalunga nendlela yokuphelisa zonke iintlobo zeengozi ukuze zingenzeki. Hayi, ingongoma kukuba iingozi ziya kwenzeka, kwaye siya kukulungela oku. Amajoni aqeqeshelwa ukuba angacingi emfazweni, kodwa enze okuthile. Kuyafana nesicwangciso se-BCP: siya kukuvumela ukuba ubuyisele ishishini lakho ngokukhawuleza.
Izixhobo kuphela ezingadingi i-BCP
Igor Tyukachev,
Umcebisi woBuchule boShishino
Iziko loYilo lweeNkqubo zeKhompyutha
"Jet Infosystems"
umthombo: www.habr.com