Namhlanje siza kujonga ngakumbi kwimiba ethile yomzila. Ngaphambi kokuba ndiqale, ndifuna ukuphendula umbuzo womfundi malunga neeakhawunti zam zemidiya yoluntu. Ngasekhohlo ndibeke amakhonkco kumaphepha enkampani yethu, kwaye ngakwesokudla - kumaphepha am obuqu. Qaphela ukuba andongezi mntu kubahlobo bam bakaFacebook ukuba andibazi ngokobuqu, ungandithumeleli izicelo zobuhlobo.
Ungabhalisa ngokulula kwiphepha lam likaFacebook kwaye uqaphele yonke imicimbi. Ndiphendula kwimiyalezo ekwiakhawunti yam ye-LinkedIn, ke zive ukhululekile ukundithumelela umyalezo apho, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ndisebenza kakhulu kuTwitter. Apha ngezantsi kwesi sifundo sevidiyo kukho amakhonkco kuzo zonke iinethiwekhi zoluntu ezi-6, ukuze ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa.
Njengesiqhelo, namhlanje siza kufunda izihloko ezithathu. Eyokuqala yingcaciso yondoqo womzila, apho ndiya kukuxelela malunga neetafile zomzila, umzila we-static, njalo njalo. Emva koko siya kujonga indlela ye-Inter-Switch, oko kukuthi, indlela okwenzeka ngayo phakathi kweeswitshi ezimbini. Ekupheleni kwesifundo, siya kuqhelana nembono ye-Inter-VLAN yomzila, xa iswitshi enye isebenzisana neeVLAN ezininzi kunye nendlela ezi intanethi zinxibelelana ngayo. Lo ngumxholo onika umdla kakhulu, kwaye unokufuna ukuwuphonononga amaxesha amaninzi. Kukho esinye isihloko esinomdla esibizwa ngokuba yi-Router-on-a-Stick, okanye "i-router entongeni."
Ngoko ke yintoni itafile yendlela? Le yitafile esekelwe apho ii-routers zenza izigqibo zomzila. Uyabona ukuba itafile ye-router yeCisco eqhelekileyo ibonakala njani. Yonke ikhompyuter yeWindows nayo inetafile yokuqhuba, kodwa sesinye isihloko eso.
Unobumba u-R ekuqaleni komgca uthetha ukuba indlela eya kwinethiwekhi ye-192.168.30.0/24 inikezelwa yi-RIP protocol, i-C ithetha ukuba inethiwekhi ixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-interface ye-router, i-S ithetha umzila we-static, kunye ne-dot emva le leta ithetha ukuba le ndlela ayigqibekanga, okanye umgqatswa omiselweyo womzila ongatshintshiyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeendlela ezimileyo, kwaye namhlanje siza kuqhelana nazo.
Cinga, umzekelo, inethiwekhi yokuqala 192.168.30.0/24. Emgceni ubona amanani amabini kwizibiyeli ezisikweri, ahlulwe ngokusika, sele sithethe ngawo. Inombolo yokuqala 120 ngumgama wolawulo, obonisa iqondo lokuzithemba kule ndlela. Masithi kukho enye indlela kwitheyibhile kule nethiwekhi, echazwe ngunobumba C okanye u-S kunye nomgama omncinci wolawulo, umzekelo, 1, njengomzila ongatshintshiyo. Kule theyibhile, awuzukufumana iinethiwekhi ezimbini ezifanayo ngaphandle kokuba sisebenzisa indlela efana nokulinganisa umthwalo, kodwa masicinge ukuba sinongeniso olu-2 lomsebenzi womnatha ofanayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona inani elincinci, oku kuya kuthetha ukuba le ndlela ifanelwe ukuthenjwa ngakumbi, kwaye ngokuphambene noko, ixabiso elikhulu lomgama wolawulo, ukuthembela okuncinci kule ndlela. Emva koko, umgca ubonisa ukuba yeyiphi i-interface i-traffic kufuneka ithunyelwe - kwimeko yethu, le yi-port 192.168.20.1 FastEthernet0 / 1. La ngamacandelwana etafile yomzila.
Ngoku makhe sithethe ngendlela i-router ezenza ngayo izigqibo zomzila. Ndikhankanye umgqatswa omiselweyo ngasentla kwaye ngoku ndiza kukuxelela ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko. Masithi i-router ifumene i-traffic yenethiwekhi 30.1.1.1, ukungena okungekho kwitafile yomzila. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-router iya kuwisa nje le traffic, kodwa ukuba kukho ukungena kumgqatswa ongagqibekanga etafileni, oko kuthetha ukuba nantoni na i-router engazi ngayo iya kuhanjiswa ukuya kumviwa ongagqibekanga. Kule meko, ukungena kubonisa ukuba i-traffic efika kwinethiwekhi engaziwayo kwi-router kufuneka idluliselwe kwi-port 192.168.10.1. Ngaloo ndlela, i-traffic ye-network 30.1.1.1 iya kulandela indlela engumviwa omiselweyo.
Xa i-router ifumana isicelo sokuseka uqhagamshelo kunye nedilesi ye-IP, okokuqala kukho konke ukujonga ukuba le dilesi iqulethwe kuyo nayiphi na indlela ethile. Ngoko ke, xa ifumana i-traffic ye-intanethi ye-30.1.1.1, iya kuqala ihlolisise ukuze ibone ukuba idilesi yayo iqulethwe kwi-entry ethile yetafile yomzila. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-router ifumana i-traffic ye-192.168.30.1, ngoko emva kokujonga zonke izinto ezifakiweyo, iya kubona ukuba le dilesi iqulethwe kuluhlu lwedilesi yenethiwekhi 192.168.30.0/24, emva koko iya kuthumela i-traffic kule ndlela. Ukuba ayifumani naliphi na ingeniso ethile yenethiwekhi ye-30.1.1.1, i-router iya kuthumela i-traffic emiselwe yona ecaleni kwendlela engagqibekanga yomgqatswa. Nantsi indlela izigqibo ezenziwa ngayo: Qala ujonge amangenelo eendlela ezithile kwitheyibhile, uze usebenzise indlela yomgqatswa omiselweyo.
Ngoku makhe sijonge kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeendlela ezimileyo. Uhlobo lokuqala yindlela emiselweyo, okanye indlela emiselweyo.
Njengoko benditshilo, ukuba i-router ifumana i-traffic ebhekiswa kwinethiwekhi engaziwayo kuyo, iya kuyithumela ngendlela engagqibekanga. Isango lokungena kwi-Gateway yokugqibela yi-192.168.10.1 kwinethiwekhi 0.0.0.0 ibonisa ukuba indlela engagqibekanga isetiwe, oko kukuthi, "Isango lendlela yokugqibela kwinethiwekhi 0.0.0.0 inedilesi ye-IP ye-192.168.10.1." Le ndlela idweliswe kumgca wokugqibela wetheyibhile yokukhokela, enentloko enobumba u-S elandelwa lichaphaza.
Unganikeza le parameter ukusuka kwindlela yoqwalaselo yehlabathi. Kwindlela ye-RIP eqhelekileyo, thayipha umyalelo we-ip umzila, uchaza i-ID yenethiwekhi efanelekileyo, kwimeko yethu 192.168.30.0, kunye ne-subnet mask 255.255.255.0, kwaye uchaze i-192.168.20.1 njenge-hop elandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa ucwangcisa indlela engagqibekanga, awudingi ukukhankanya i-ID yothungelwano kunye nemaski, uchwetheza ngokulula ip indlela 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, oko kukuthi, endaweni yedilesi ye-subnet mask, chwetheza ooziro abane kwakhona, kwaye uchaze. idilesi 192.168.20.1 ekupheleni komgca, eya kuba yindlela engagqibekanga.
Uhlobo olulandelayo lwendlela engatshintshiyo yiNdlela yeNethiwekhi, okanye indlela yenethiwekhi. Ukuseta umzila womnatha, kufuneka ucacise yonke inethiwekhi, oko kukuthi, sebenzisa indlela ye-ip 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 umyalelo, apho i-0 ekupheleni kwe-subnet mask ithetha lonke uluhlu lwe-256 idilesi yenethiwekhi / 24, kwaye ucacise idilesi ye IP ye hop elandelayo.
Ngoku ndiza kuzoba ithempleyithi phezulu ebonisa umyalelo wokuseta indlela engagqibekanga kunye nendlela yenethiwekhi. Ijongeka ngolu hlobo:
umzila we-ip inxalenye yokuqala yedilesi inxalenye yesibini yedilesi .
Umzila ongagqibekanga, zombini iindawo zokuqala kunye nesibini zedilesi ziya kuba ngu-0.0.0.0, ngelixa umzila womnatha, inxalenye yokuqala yi-ID yenethiwekhi kwaye inxalenye yesibini yi-subnet mask. Emva koko, idilesi ye-IP yenethiwekhi apho umzila wagqiba ukwenza i-hop elandelayo iya kufumaneka.
Indlela yenginginya iqwalaselwe kusetyenziswa idilesi ye-IP yenginginya ethile. Kwi-template yomyalelo, oku kuya kuba yinxalenye yokuqala yedilesi, kwimeko yethu yi-192.168.30.1, ekhomba isixhobo esithile. Inxalenye yesibini yi-subnet mask 255.255.255.255, ekwakhomba kwidilesi ye-IP yomkhosi othile, kungekhona yonke inethiwekhi / i-24. Emva koko kufuneka ucacise idilesi ye-IP ye-hop elandelayo. Le yindlela onokuthi usete ngayo indlela yokusingatha.
Indlela yesishwankathelo yindlela yesishwankathelo. Uyakhumbula ukuba sele sixoxe ngomba woshwankathelo lwendlela xa sinoluhlu lweedilesi ze-IP. Makhe sithathe umnatha wokuqala 192.168.30.0/24 njengomzekelo kwaye ucinge ukuba sinayo i-router R1, apho inethiwekhi 192.168.30.0/24 idityaniswe needilesi ezine ze-IP: 192.168.30.4, 192.168.30.5, 192.168.30.6 kunye ne-192.168.30.7. 24 . I-slash 256 ithetha ukuba kukho iidilesi ezisebenzayo ze-4 kule nethiwekhi, kodwa kulo mzekelo sineedilesi ze-IP ezi-XNUMX kuphela.
Ukuba ndithi yonke i-traffic ye-192.168.30.0/24 inethiwekhi kufuneka ihambe ngale ndlela, iya kuba yinkohliso, kuba idilesi ye-IP efana ne-192.168.30.1 ayinakufikeleleka ngolu jongano. Ngoko ke, kule meko, asikwazi ukusebenzisa i-192.168.30.0 njengenxalenye yokuqala yedilesi, kodwa kufuneka ichaze ukuba zeziphi iidilesi eziza kufumaneka. Kule meko, iidilesi ezi-4 ezikhethekileyo ziya kufumaneka nge-interface echanekileyo, kunye nezinye iidilesi zenethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa i-interface yasekhohlo ye-router. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka siseke isishwankathelo okanye indlela yesishwankathelo.
Ukususela kwimigaqo yokushwankathela iindlela, siyakhumbula ukuba kwi-subnet enye i-octet ezintathu zokuqala zedilesi zihlala zingatshintshi, kwaye kufuneka senze i-subnet eya kudibanisa zonke iidilesi ezi-4. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka sicacise i-192.168.30.4 kwinxalenye yokuqala yedilesi, kwaye usebenzise i-255.255.255.252 njenge-subnet mask kwinxalenye yesibini, apho i-252 ithetha ukuba le subnet iqulethe iidilesi ze-IP ezi-4: .4, .5. , .6 kunye .7.
Ukuba unamangeniso amabini kwitheyibhile yomzila: indlela ye-RIP yenethiwekhi ye-192.168.30.0/24 kunye nomzila wesishwankathelo 192.168.30.4 / 252, ngoko ngokwemigaqo yomzila, indlela yesiShwankathelo iya kuba yindlela ephambili kwi-traffic ethile. Nantoni na enganxulumananga nale traffic iyakusebenzisa indlela yeNethiwekhi.
Yiloo nto indlela yesishwankathelo - ushwankathela iidilesi ezininzi ze-IP kwaye uzenzele indlela eyahlukileyo.
Kwiqela leendlela ezimileyo, kukwakho nento ebizwa ngokuba βyindlela edadayoβ, okanye indlela edadayo. Le yindlela yokugcina. Isetyenziswa xa kukho ingxaki ngoxhulumaniso lomzimba kwindlela engashukumiyo enexabiso lomgama wolawulo we-1. Kumzekelo wethu, le yindlela ngedilesi ye-IP 192.168.10.1. kwinqanaba, indlela edadayo yogcino iyasetyenziswa.
Ukuze usebenzise indlela yokulondoloza, ekupheleni komgca womyalelo, endaweni yedilesi ye-IP ye-hop elandelayo, leyo ngokungagqibekanga inexabiso le-1, ibonisa ixabiso le-hop eyahlukileyo, umzekelo, 5. ayiboniswanga kwitheyibhile yomzila, kuba isetyenziswa kuphela xa indlela engatshintshiyo ingafumanekiyo ngenxa yorhwaphilizo.
Ukuba kukho into ongayiqondiyo kule nto ndiyithethileyo, bukela le vidiyo kwakhona. Ukuba usenemibuzo, ungandithumelela i-imeyile kwaye ndiza kukuchazela yonke into.
Ngoku makhe siqale ukujonga indlela ye-Inter-Switch. Ngasekhohlo komzobo kukho iswitshi esebenzela inethiwekhi eluhlaza yesebe lokuthengisa. Ekunene kukho enye iswitshi esebenza kuphela ngenethiwekhi eluhlaza yesebe lokuthengisa. Kule meko, iinguqu ezimbini ezizimeleyo zisetyenziselwa amasebe ahlukeneyo, ekubeni le topology ayisebenzisi iVLAN eqhelekileyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukuseka uxhulumaniso phakathi kwezi zitshintshi zimbini, oko kukuthi, phakathi kweenethiwekhi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo 192.168.1.0/24 kunye ne-192.168.2.0/24, ngoko kufuneka usebenzise i-router. Emva koko ezi nethiwekhi ziya kukwazi ukutshintshisa iipakethi kunye nokufikelela kwi-Intanethi nge-router ye-R1. Ukuba sisebenzise i-VLAN1 engagqibekanga kuzo zombini iiswitshi, ezidibanisa neentambo zomzimba, zinokunxibelelana omnye nomnye. Kodwa ekubeni oku kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yokwahlulwa kothungelwano lwemimandla eyahlukeneyo yosasazo, i-router iyafuneka kunxibelelwano lwabo.
Makhe sicinge ukuba utshintsho ngalunye lunezibuko ezili-16. Kwimeko yethu, asisebenzisi izibuko ze-14, kuba isebe ngalinye lineekhompyutheni ezi-2 kuphela. Ke ngoko, kulo mzekelo, kungcono ukusebenzisa iVLAN, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ulandelayo.
Kule meko, i-VLAN10 eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-VLAN20 eluhlaza banendawo yabo yosasazo. Inethiwekhi ye-VLAN10 idityaniswe ngentambo kwizibuko elinye le-router, kwaye inethiwekhi ye-VLAN20 iqhagamshelwe kwelinye izibuko, ngelixa zombini iintambo zivela kumazibuko ahlukeneyo okutshintsha. Kubonakala ngathi ngenxa yesi sisombululo sihle, siye saseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanethiwekhi. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-router inenani elilinganiselwe lamazibuko, asiphumelelanga kakhulu ekusebenziseni ubuchule besi sixhobo, sihlala ngale ndlela.
Kukho isisombululo esisebenzayo - "i-router kwintonga". Ngexesha elifanayo, sidibanisa i-port yokutshintsha kunye ne-trunk kwelinye lamachweba e-router. Sesitshilo ukuba ngokungagqibekanga, i-router ayiyiqondi i-encapsulation ngokwemigangatho ye-.1Q, ngoko kufuneka usebenzise i-trunk ukunxibelelana nayo. Kule meko, oku kulandelayo kwenzeka.
Inethiwekhi ye-VLAN10 eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ithumela i-traffic ngokutshintshela kwi-F0 / 0 ujongano lwe-router. Eli zibuko lahlulwe kwi-sub-interfaces, nganye inedilesi enye ye-IP ebekwe kuluhlu lweedilesi mhlawumbi 192.168.1.0/24 womnatha okanye 192.168.2.0/24 womnatha. Kukho ukungaqiniseki apha - emva koko, kwiinethiwekhi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kufuneka ube needilesi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-IP. Ngoko ke, nangona i-trunk phakathi kokutshintsha kunye ne-router yenziwe kwi-interface efanayo yomzimba, kufuneka senze i-subinterfaces ezimbini kwi-VLAN nganye. Ngaloo ndlela, i-subinterface enye iya kukhonza inethiwekhi ye-VLAN10, kunye neyesibini - i-VLAN20. Kwi-subinterface yokuqala, kufuneka sikhethe idilesi ye-IP ukusuka kuluhlu lwedilesi ye-192.168.1.0/24, kunye neyesibini, ukusuka kuluhlu lwe-192.168.2.0/24. Xa i-VLAN10 ithumela ipakethi, isango liya kuba yidilesi ye-IP enye, kwaye xa ipakethi ithunyelwa yi-VLAN20, idilesi yesibini ye-IP iya kusetyenziswa njengesango. Kule meko, "i-router entongeni" iya kwenza isigqibo malunga nokuhamba kwe-traffic kwi-computer nganye yee-2 zeeVLAN ezahlukeneyo. Ngamafutshane, sahlulahlula ujongano lwerouter enye ibe ziindlela ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezinengqiqo.
Makhe sibone ukuba ikhangeleka njani kwiPacket Tracer.
Ndenze lula umzobo kancinane, ngoko sine-PC0 enye kwi-192.168.1.10 kunye ne-PC1 yesibini kwi-192.168.2.10. Xa uqwalasela iswitshi, ndabela ujongano olunye lweVLAN10, enye yeVLAN20. Ndiya kwi-console ye-CLI kwaye ndifake umyalelo omfutshane wokubonisa i-ip ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-FastEthernet0/2 kunye ne-0/3 yojongano iphezulu. Emva koko ndijonge kwi-database ye-VLAN kwaye ndibone ukuba zonke ii-interfaces kwi-switch ngoku ziyinxalenye ye-VLAN engagqibekanga. Ndichwetheza ke imiyalelo config ilandelwa yi int f0/2 ngokulandelelana ukubiza izibuko apho iVLAN yokuthengisa idityanisiwe.
Okulandelayo ndisebenzisa umyalelo wofikelelo lwemowudi yokutshintsha. indlela yofikelelo ayigqibekanga, ngoko ndichwetheza lo myalelo. Emva koko, ndichwetheza ukufikelela kwi-switchport ye-VLAN10, kwaye inkqubo iphendula ukuba ekubeni inethiwekhi enjalo ayikho, iya kudala i-VLAN10 ngokwayo. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza iVLAN ngesandla, umzekelo, VLAN20, kufuneka uchwetheze i-vlan 20 yomyalelo, emva koko ilayini yomyalelo izakutshintshela kuseto lwenethiwekhi yenyani, itshintsha iheader yayo ukusuka kwiSwitch(config) # ukuya kwiSwitch(config- vlan) #. Okulandelayo, kufuneka unikeze igama UKUTHENGISA kwinethiwekhi eyenziweyo usebenzisa igama <igama> umyalelo. Emva koko siqwalasela i-f0/3 interface. Ndingenisa ngokulandelelana ukufikelela kwimowudi yokutshintsha kunye nokufikelela kwi-switchport ye-vlan 20 imiyalelo, emva kokuba umsebenzi womnatha uqhagamshelwe kweli zibuko.
Ngaloo ndlela, ungaqwalasela iswitshi ngeendlela ezimbini: eyokuqala isebenzisa i-switchport ufikelelo vlan 10 umyalelo, emva kokuba umsebenzi womnatha wenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwizibuko elinikiweyo, okwesibini kuxa uqala udala umsebenzi womnatha kwaye emva koko uyibophe kwindawo ethile. izibuko.
Unokwenza okufanayo ngeVLAN10. Ndiza kubuyela umva kwaye ndiphinde inkqubo yoqwalaselo lwemanuwali kule nethwekhi: ngenisa imowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi, faka i-vlan 10 yomyalelo, emva koko uyinike igama elithi I-SALES, njalo njalo. Ngoku ndiza kukubonisa okwenzekayo ukuba awukwenzi oku, oko kukuthi, vumela inkqubo ngokwayo yenze iVLAN.
Uyabona ukuba sinazo zombini iinethiwekhi, kodwa eyesibini, esiyidale ngesandla, inegama layo UKUTHENGISA, ngelixa inethiwekhi yokuqala, i-VLAN10, ifumene igama elingagqibekanga elithi VLAN0010. Ndingayilungisa le nto ukuba ngoku ndifaka igama lomyalelo we-SALES kwimowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi. Ngoku unokubona ukuba emva koko, inethiwekhi yokuqala yatshintsha igama layo kwi-SALES.
Ngoku makhe sibuyele kwiPacket Tracer kwaye sibone ukuba iPC0 inganxibelelana nePC1. Ukwenza oku, ndiya kuvula isiphelo sendlela yomyalelo kwikhompyuter yokuqala kwaye ndithumele i-ping kwidilesi yesibini yekhompyuter.
Siyabona ukuba i-pinging ayiphumelelanga. Isizathu kukuba i-PC0 ithumele isicelo se-ARP ku-192.168.2.10 ngesango 192.168.1.1. Ngelo xesha, ikhompyuter ngokwenene yabuza umtshintshi ukuba ngubani lo 192.168.1.1. Nangona kunjalo, umtshintshi unojongano olulodwa lwenethiwekhi yeVLAN10, kwaye isicelo esifunyenweyo asikwazi ukuya naphi na - singena kweli zibuko kwaye sife apha. Ikhompyutheni ayifumani impendulo, ngoko ke isizathu sokungaphumeleli kwe-ping sinikezelwa njengexesha lokuphuma. Akukho mpendulo ifunyenweyo kuba asikho esinye isixhobo kwi-VLAN10 ngaphandle kwe-PC0. Ngapha koko, nokuba zombini iikhompyuter beziyinxalenye yothungelwano olufanayo, bezingeke zikwazi ukunxibelelana kuba zineedilesi ezahlukeneyo ze-IP. Ukuze wenze esi sikimu sisebenze, kufuneka usebenzise i-router.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba ndibonise indlela yokusebenzisa i-router, ndiya kwenza ukuphambuka okuncinci. Ndiza kudibanisa i-Fa0 / 1 port of switch kunye ne-Gig0 / 0 port ye-router ngentambo enye, kwaye emva koko ndongeze enye intambo eya kudityaniswa kwi-Fa0 / 4 port yokutshintsha kunye ne-Gif0 / 1 port ye- umzila.
Ndiza kubophelela uthungelwano lwe VLAN10 kwizibuko le f0/1 lokutshintsha, apho ndiya kungena int f0/1 kunye nonikezelo lokutshintshela imiyalelo vlan10, kunye neVLAN20 womnatha kwizibuko f0/4 usebenzisa int f0/4 kunye nokutshintsha ukufikelela vlan imiyalelo 20. Ukuba ngoku sijonge VLAN database, kunokubonwa ukuba inethiwekhi EZITHENGISA ibotshelelwe kwi Fa0/1, Fa0/2 ujongano, kwaye inethiwekhi MARKETING ibotshelelwe kwi Fa0/3, Fa0/4 amazibuko. .
Masibuyele kwi-router kwakhona kwaye singenise i-g0 / 0 useto lwe-interface, faka umyalelo wokungavala kwaye unike idilesi ye-IP kuyo: ip yongeza 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0.
Makhe siqwalasele i-interface ye-g0/1 ngendlela efanayo, sinikezela idilesi ye-ip yongeza 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0. Emva koko siya kucela ukusibonisa itafile yomzila, ngoku inamangeno othungelwano 1.0 kunye no-2.0.
Makhe sibone ukuba olu cwangciso luyasebenza na. Masilinde de kube zombini izibuko zokutshintsha kunye ne-router ijika ibe luhlaza, kwaye iphinda i-ping yedilesi ye-IP 192.168.2.10. Njengoko ubona, yonke into yasebenza!
Ikhompyuter ye-PC0 ithumela isicelo se-ARP ekutshintsheni, iswitshi iyidilesi kwi-router, ebuyisela idilesi yayo ye-MAC kwikhompyuter. Emva koko, ikhomputha ithumela ipakethe yeping ngendlela efanayo. I-router iyazi ukuba inethiwekhi ye-VLAN20 iqhagamshelwe kwi-port yayo ye-g0 / 1, ngoko iyithumela kwi-switch, ehambisa ipakethe kwindawo yokuya kuyo - i-PC1.
Esi sikimu sisebenza, kodwa singasebenzi, kuba sithatha i-2 router interfaces, oko kukuthi, sisebenzisa ngokungenangqiqo ubuchule bobugcisa be-router. Ke ndiza kukubonisa indlela enokwenziwa ngayo into enye kusetyenziswa ujongano olunye.
Ndiya kususa umzobo wekhebula ezimbini kwaye ndibuyisele uxhulumaniso lwangaphambili lokutshintsha kunye ne-router ngekhebula elinye. I f0 / 1 ujongano lotshintsho kufuneka ibe lizibuko lesiqu, ngoko ke ndibuyela kwizicwangciso zokutshintsha kwaye ndisebenzise umyalelo wesiqu sendlela yokutshintsha kwesi simboli. Izibuko f0/4 alisasetyenziswa. Okulandelayo, sisebenzisa umboniso we-int trunk umyalelo ukubona ukuba izibuko liqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Siyabona ukuba i-Fa0/1 port isebenza kwimodi ye-trunk isebenzisa i-802.1q ye-encapsulation protocol. Makhe sijonge itafile ye-VLAN - sibona ukuba i-F0 / 2 i-interface ihlalwe yi-VLAN10 inethiwekhi yesebe lokuthengisa, kwaye i-f0 / 3 interface ihlaliswe yi-VLAN20 networking network.
Kule meko, ukutshintshela kuxhunyiwe kwi-g0 / 0 port ye-router. Kwizicwangciso ze-router, ndisebenzisa i-int g0/0 kwaye akukho miyalelo yedilesi ye-ip yokususa idilesi ye-IP yolu jongano. Kodwa olu jongano lusasebenza, alukho kwimeko yokuvala. Ukuba uyakhumbula, i-router kufuneka yamkele i-traffic evela kwiinethiwekhi zombini - 1.0 kunye ne-2.0. Ekubeni umtshintshi uqhagamshelwe kwi-router nge-trunk, uya kufumana i-traffic ukusuka kwinethiwekhi yokuqala kunye neyesibini kwi-router. Nangona kunjalo, yeyiphi idilesi ye-IP ekufuneka inikezelwe kwi-router interface kule meko?
I-G0/0 lujongano olubonakalayo olungenayo idilesi ye-IP ngokungagqibekanga. Ke ngoko, sisebenzisa ingqikelelo yesinxibelelanisi esisezantsi esinengqiqo. Ukuba ndichwetheza int g0/0 emgceni, inkqubo izakunika iinketho zomyalelo ezimbini ezinokwenzeka: i-slash / okanye ichaphaza. I-slash isetyenziswa xa kulungiswa ujongano olufana no-0/0/0, kwaye ichaphaza liyasetyenziswa ukuba unojongano olungaphantsi.
Ukuba ndichwetheza int g0/0. ?, Emva koko inkqubo iya kundinika uluhlu lweenombolo ezinokwenzeka ze-GigabitEthernet logical subinterface, eziboniswe emva kwechaphaza: <0 - 4294967295>. Olu luhlu luqulethe amanani angaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezi-4, oko kukuthi, kunokwenzeka ukwenza inani elinjalo le-subinterfaces enengqiqo.
Ndiza kubonisa inombolo ye-10 emva kwechaphaza, eya kubonisa i-VLAN10. Ngoku siye safudukela kwizicwangciso ze-subinterface, njengoko kubonakaliswe yinguqu kwisihloko se-CLI yokucwangcisa umgca kwi-Router (config-subif) #, kule meko ibhekisela kwi-subinterface ye-g0 / 0.10. Ngoku kufuneka ndiyinike idilesi ye-IP, apho ndisebenzisa umyalelo ip yongeza 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0. Ngaphambi kokuseta le dilesi, kufuneka senze i-encapsulation ukuze i-subinterface esiyidalileyo yazi ukuba yeyiphi i-encapsulation protocol emayisetyenziswe - 802.1q okanye i-ISL. Ndichwetheza igama elithi encapsulation kumgca, kwaye inkqubo inika iinketho ezinokwenzeka zeparameters zalo myalelo.
Ndisebenzisa umyalelo we-encapsulation dot1Q. Akuyomfuneko ngokobuchwepheshe ukufaka lo myalelo, kodwa ndiyichwetheza ukuze uxelele i-router ukuba yeyiphi iprotocol enokusetyenziswa ukusebenza kunye neVLAN, kuba okwangoku isebenza njengeswitshi, isevisi ye-VLAN trunking. Ngalo myalelo, sibonisa kwi-router ukuba yonke i-traffic kufuneka ifakwe kwi-protocol ye-dot1Q. Okulandelayo kumgca womyalelo, kufuneka ndichaze ukuba olu fakelo lwenzelwe i-VLAN10. Inkqubo isibonisa idilesi ye-IP esetyenziswayo, kwaye ujongano lwenethiwekhi yeVLAN10 iqala ukusebenza.
Ngokufanayo, ndiqwalasela i-interface ye-g0/0.20. Ndidala i-subinterface entsha, setha i-encapsulation protocol, kwaye usete idilesi ye-IP kunye ne-ip yongeza 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0.
Kule meko, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ndisuse idilesi ye-IP ye-interface ebonakalayo, kuba ngoku i-interface ebonakalayo kunye ne-subinterface enengqiqo inedilesi efanayo yenethiwekhi ye-VLAN20. Ukwenza oku, ndichwetheza ngokulandelelana imiyalelo int g0 / 1 kwaye akukho dilesi ye-ip. Emva koko ndiyayicima le interface kuba asisayifuni.
Emva koko, ndibuyela kwi-interface ye-g0 / 0.20 kwakhona kwaye ndinike idilesi ye-IP kuyo kunye ne-ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 umyalelo. Ngoku yonke into iya kusebenza ngokuqinisekileyo.
Ngoku ndisebenzisa umyalelo we-ip wokubonisa ukujonga itafile yokubonisa.
Siyabona ukuba inethiwekhi ye-192.168.1.0 / 24 ixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-subinterface ye-GigabitEthernet0 / 0.10, kwaye inethiwekhi ye-192.168.2.0 / 24 ixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-subinterface ye-GigabitEthernet0 / 0.20. Ngoku ndiza kubuyela kwi-terminal yomgca we-PC0 kunye ne-ping PC1. Kule meko, i-traffic ingena kwi-port ye-router, eyidlulisela kwi-subinterface efanelekileyo kwaye iyibuyisele ngokutshintshela kwikhompyuter ye-PC1. Njengoko ubona, i-ping iphumelele. Iipakethi ezimbini zokuqala zalahlwa ngenxa yokuba ukutshintsha phakathi kojongano lwe-router kuthatha ixesha elithile, kwaye izixhobo kufuneka zifunde iidilesi ze-MAC, kodwa ezinye iipakethi ezimbini zifike ngempumelelo kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Yile ndlela ingqikelelo ethi "i-router kwintonga" isebenza ngayo.
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