Namhlanje siza kufunda iprotocol ye-IPv6. Uguqulelo lwangaphambili lwekhosi ye-CCNA aluzange lufune ukuqhelaniswa okucacileyo kunye nale protocol, kodwa kwinguqulo yesithathu ye-200-125, isifundo sayo esinzulu siyafuneka ukuba siphumelele uviwo. IPv6 protocol yaphuhliswa kudala kakhulu, kodwa ixesha elide yayingasetyenziswa kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso oluthe kratya lwe-Intanethi, kuba lujolise ekupheliseni iintsilelo zeprotocol ye-IPv4 yendawo yonke.
Ekubeni iprotocol ye-IPv6 isisisihloko esibanzi ngokufanelekileyo, ndiyahlule kwizifundo ezibini zevidiyo: Usuku lwama-24 kunye noSuku lwama-25. Ngosuku lokuqala siya kuzinikela kwiingcamango ezisisiseko, kwaye okwesibini siza kujonga ukuseta iidilesi ze-IP sisebenzisa IPv6 protocol yezixhobo zeCisco. Namhlanje siza kugubungela izihloko ezithathu njengesiqhelo: imfuno ye-IPv6, ifomathi yeedilesi ze-IPv6, kunye neentlobo zeedilesi ze-IPv6.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwizifundo zethu sisebenzise iidilesi ze-IP sisebenzisa iprotocol ye-v4, kwaye uqhele ukuba zikhangeleka zilula. Xa wawubona idilesi eboniswe kwesi silayidi, uye wayiqonda kakuhle le nto besithetha ngayo.
Nangona kunjalo, iidilesi ze-IP ze-v6 zibukeka zahluke kakhulu. Ukuba awuqhelananga nendlela iidilesi ze-IP ezenziwe ngayo kolu guqulelo lweProtokholi ye-Intanethi, into yokuqala enokukumangalisa kukuba olu hlobo lwedilesi ye-IP luthatha indawo eninzi. Kuhlelo lwesine lweprotocol sasinamanani ama-4 kuphela, kwaye yonke into yayilula ngabo, kodwa khawufane ucinge ukuba kufuneka uxelele uMnumzana X idilesi yakhe entsha ye-IP njengo-2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e: 0370: 7334.
Ungakhathazeki, nangona kunjalo-siya kuba kwindawo engcono kakhulu ekupheleni kwesi sifundo sevidiyo. Masiqale sijonge ukuba kutheni bekukho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-IPv6.
Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi basebenzisa i-IPv4 kwaye bayonwabele kakhulu. Kutheni kufuneka utshintshele kwinguqulelo entsha? Okokuqala, iidilesi ze-IP ze-4 zineebhithi ezingama-32 ubude. Oku kuvumela ukudala malunga ne-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedilesi kwi-Intanethi, oko kukuthi, inani elichanekileyo leedilesi ze-IP ngu-232. Ngexesha lokudalwa kwe-IPv4, abaphuhlisi bakholelwa ukuba eli nani leedilesi lalingaphezu kokwaneleyo. Ukuba uyakhumbula, iidilesi zale nguqulo zahlulwe kwiiklasi ezi-5: iiklasi ezisebenzayo A, B, C kunye nokugcinwa kweeklasi D (multicasting) kunye no-E (uphando). Ngaloo ndlela, nangona inani leedilesi ze-IP ezisebenzayo kuphela i-75% ye-4 yezigidigidi, abadali beprotocol babeqinisekile ukuba kuya kubakho okwaneleyo kubo bonke abantu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-Intanethi, unyaka nonyaka kwaqala ukunqongophala kweedilesi ze-IP zasimahla, kwaye ukuba bekungekuko ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-NAT, iidilesi ze-IPv4 zasimahla beziza kuphelelwa kudala. Ngapha koko, i-NAT yaba ngumsindisi wale protocol ye-Intanethi. Kungenxa yoko le nto bekukho isidingo sokudala inguqulelo entsha yeprotocol ye-Intanethi, engenazo iintsilelo zenguqulelo yesi-4. Unokubuza ukuba kutheni behambe ngqo ukusuka kwinguqulelo yesine ukuya kweyesithandathu. Oku kungenxa yokuba uguqulelo 5, njengenguqulelo 1,2, 3 kunye no-XNUMX, bezilingwa.
Ngoko ke, iidilesi ze-IP ze-v6 zine-128-bit indawo yedilesi. Mangaphi amaxesha ocinga ukuba inani leedilesi ze-IP ezinokwenzeka zonyukile? Mhlawumbi uya kuthi: βAmaxesha ama-4!β Kodwa oku akuyonyani, kuba u-234 sele emkhulu ngokuphindwe ka-4 kuno-232. Ngoko ke ixabiso 2128 likhulu ngokumangalisayo - lilingana no-340282366920938463463374607431768211456. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokwabela idilesi ye-IP kuyo nantoni na oyifunayo: imoto yakho, ifowuni yakho, iwotshi yakho. Umntu wale mihla unokuba nelaptop, ii-smartphones ezininzi, iwotshi ehlakaniphile, ikhaya elinobulumko-iTV eqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi, umatshini wokuhlamba oqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi, indlu yonke eqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi. Eli nani leedilesi lenza kube lula ukuphumeza ingcamango ethi "I-Intanethi yezinto" ezixhaswa nguCisco. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izinto ebomini bakho ziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi, kwaye zonke zidinga idilesi yazo ye-IP. Nge-IPv6 iyenzeka! Wonke umntu osemhlabeni unokusebenzisa izigidi zeedilesi zolu guqulelo kwizixhobo zabo, kwaye ziya kuhlala zininzi kakhulu ezisimahla. Asikwazi ukuqikelela ukuba itekhnoloji iya kukhula njani, kodwa sinethemba lokuba uluntu aluyi kufika kwixesha apho kukho ikhompyuter enye kuphela eseleyo emhlabeni. Sinokucinga ukuba i-IPv6 iya kuba khona ixesha elide, elide. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni uhlobo 1 idilesi ye IP ifomathi.
Ezi dilesi ziboniswa njengamaqela asi-8 amanani anehexadecimal. Oku kuthetha ukuba unobumba ngamnye wedilesi uneebhithi ezi-4 ubude, ngoko ke iqela ngalinye lamagama ama-4 anjalo linamasuntswana ali-16 ubude, kwaye idilesi yonke inobude bebhithi eziyi-128. Iqela ngalinye lamagama ama-4 lahlulwe kwiqela elilandelayo ngekholoni, ngokungafaniyo needilesi ze-IPv4 apho amaqela ayesahlulwe ngamaxesha ngenxa yokuba ixesha luhlobo lwesishumi lwamanani. Ekubeni idilesi enjalo akulula ukuyikhumbula, kukho imigaqo emininzi yokuyinciphisa. Umgaqo wokuqala uthi amaqela aquka zonke ii-zero anokutshintshwa ngamakholoni amabini. Umsebenzi ofanayo unokwenziwa kwidilesi nganye ye-IP kuphela ixesha eli-1. Makhe sijonge ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini.
Njengoko ubona, kumzekelo wedilesi enikiweyo kukho amaqela amathathu e-4 zero. Inani elipheleleyo leekholoni ezahlula la maqela 0000:0000:0000 yi-2. Ngoko ke, ukuba usebenzisa ikholoni kabini ::, oku kuya kuthetha ukuba kukho amaqela e-zero kule ndawo kwidilesi. Wazi njani ukuba mangaphi amaqela ooziro amele ikholoni ephindwe kabini? Ukuba ujonga indlela efinyeziweyo yokubhala idilesi, ungabala amaqela ama-5 anamagama ama-4. Kodwa ekubeni sisazi ukuba idilesi epheleleyo inamaqela ayi-8, ngoko ikholoni ephindwe kabini ithetha amaqela ama-3 e-4 zero. Lo ngumgaqo wokuqala wohlobo olufinyeziweyo lwedilesi.
Umgaqo wesibini uthi ungalahla ooziro abakhokelayo kwiqela ngalinye labalinganiswa. Umzekelo, iqela lesi-6 lefomu epheleleyo yedilesi ibonakala ngathi yi-04FF, kodwa ifom yayo emfutshane ingajongeka njenge-4FF kuba siwise i-zero ehamba phambili. Ngoko ke ukungena kwe-4FF akuthethi nto ngaphezu kwe-04FF.
Ukusebenzisa le migaqo, unokunciphisa nayiphi na idilesi ye-IP. Nangona kunjalo, nasemva kokwenza mfutshane, le dilesi ayibonakali imfutshane ngokwenene. Siza kujonga into onokuyenza malunga noku kamva, kodwa okwangoku khumbula le migaqo mi-2.
Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni iiheader zedilesi ye-IPv4 kunye ne-IPv6.
Lo mfanekiso ndiwuthathile kwi-intanethi uchaza umahluko phakathi kwezihloko ezimbini kakuhle. Njengoko ubona, i-header yedilesi ye-IPv4 intsonkothe ββkakhulu kwaye iqulethe ulwazi oluninzi kunentloko ye-IPv6. Ukuba i-header iyinkimbinkimbi, ngoko i-router ichitha ixesha elide ukuyilungisa ukwenza isigqibo sokuhamba, ngoko xa usebenzisa i-address ye-IP ye-6 elula, ii-routers zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto i-IPv4 ingcono kakhulu kune-IPvXNUMX.
Ubude beheader ye-IPv4 ukusuka ku-0 ukuya kumasuntswana angama-31 buthatha amasuntswana angama-32. Ngaphandle kweeKhetho zokugqibela kunye nomgca wePadding, idilesi ye-IP yenguqulo ye-4 yidilesi ye-20-byte, oku kuthetha ukuba ubukhulu bayo buncinci ngama-bytes angama-20. Ubude bedilesi yesithandathu ayinalo ubungakanani obuncinci, kwaye idilesi enjalo inobude obusisigxina be-40 bytes.
I-header ye-IPv4 iza noguqulelo kuqala, emva koko ubude besihloko se-IHL. Ngokungagqibekanga oku ngama-bytes angama-20, kodwa ukuba ulwazi olongezelelweyo loKhetho luchaziwe kwiheda ingaba nde. Ukuba usebenzisa i-Wireshark, unokufunda ixabiso le-Version ye-4 kunye nexabiso le-IHL lika-5, elithetha iibhloko ezintlanu ezithe nkqo ze-4 bytes (32 bits) nganye, ingabandakanyi ibhloko yoKhetho.
Uhlobo lweNkonzo lubonisa uhlobo lwepakethi - umzekelo, ipakethi yezwi okanye ipakethe yedatha, kuba i-voice traffic ibaluleke kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo zetrafikhi. Ngamafutshane, lo mmandla ubonisa ukubaluleka kwetrafikhi. Ubude Bebonke Ubude Obubonke sisimbuku sobude bentloko yebhayithi eyi-20 kunye nobude bomthwalo ohlawulwayo, okuyidatha ethunyelwayo. Ukuba yi-50 bytes, ubude bubonke buya kuba ngama-70 bytes. Ukuchongwa kwePakethi kusetyenziselwa ukungqinisisa ingqibelelo yempahla kusetyenziswa iparameter yeHeader Checksum. Ukuba ipakethi yahlulahlulwe yaziinxalenye ezi-5, nganye kuzo imele ibe nesazisi esifanayo - iFragment Offset, enokuba nexabiso ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-4, kwaye isiqwenga ngasinye sepakethi kufuneka sibe nexabiso elifanayo le-offset. Iiflegi zibonisa ukuba ukususwa kweqhekeza kuvumelekile. Ukuba awufuni ukuba ulwahlulo lwedatha lwenzeke, useta i-DF - musa ukuqhekeza iflegi. Kukho iflegi yeMF - isiqwenga esingaphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ipakethi yokuqala yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo ama-5, ke eyesibini ipakethi iya kusekwa ku-0, oku kuthetha ukuba akusayi kubakho maqhekeza! Kule meko, isiqwenga sokugqibela sepakethi yokuqala siya kumakishwa 4, ukwenzela ukuba isixhobo esifumanayo sidibanise ngokulula ipakethi, oko kukuthi, sebenzisa ukuchithwa.
Qaphela imibala esetyenziswe kwesi silayidi. Imimandla ebomvu ibonisa iindawo ezingabandakanywanga kwi-header ye-IPv6. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonisa iiparitha eziye zahamba ukusuka kweyesine ukuya kwinguqulelo yesithandathu yeprotocol kwifom elungisiweyo. Amasimi atyheli ahlala engatshintshi kuzo zombini iinguqulelo. Uhlaza lubonisa indawo eqale yavela kuphela kwi-IPv6.
Ukuchongwa, iiFlegi, i-Fragment Offset kunye ne-Header Checksum fields azibandakanywanga ngenxa yokuba kwiimeko zokugqithiswa kwedatha yanamhlanje, ukuhlukana akwenzeki kwaye ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum akufuneki. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, xa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kwakucotha, ukuqhekeka kwakuxhaphake kakhulu, kodwa namhlanje i-IEEE 802.3 Ethernet ene-1500-byte MTU isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye ukuqhekeka akusenzeki.
I-TTL, okanye i-packet time to live, yi-countdown counter-xa ixesha lokuphila lifikelela kwi-0, ipakethi ilahlwa. Enyanisweni, eli lelona nani liphezulu leehops ezinokwenziwa kuthungelwano olunikiweyo. Indawo yeProtocol ibonisa ukuba yeyiphi iprotocol, iTCP okanye i-UDP, esetyenziswa kwinethiwekhi.
I-Header Checksum yiparameter eyekiweyo, ngoko ayiqukwanga kuguqulelo olutsha lweprotocol. Okulandelayo yi-32-bit yemvelaphi yedilesi kunye ne-32-bit yeendawo zedilesi yendawo yokufikela. Ukuba sinolwazi oluthile kumgca wokuKhetha, ngoko ixabiso le-IHL litshintsha ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-6, ebonisa ukuba kukho intsimi eyongezelelweyo kwi-header.
I-header ye-IPv6 iphinda isebenzise inguqulo ye-Version, kunye neKlasi yeNdlela yeNdlela ihambelana noHlobo lweNkonzo yentsimi kwi-IPv4 header. Ileyibhile eQuquzelayo iyafana neKlasi yeTrafikhi kwaye inceda ukwenza lula umzila wokuhamba okufanayo kweepakethi. Ubungakanani bomthwalo ohlawulwayo bubhekiselele kubude bomthwalo wokuhlawula, okanye ubungakanani bendawo yedatha ebekwe kwibala elingaphantsi kwesihloko. Ubude bentloko ngokwayo, i-40 bytes, ihlala njalo kwaye ngoko ayikhankanywa naphi na.
Indawo elandelayo yeheader, Okulandelayo Okulandelayo, kubonisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweheader eya kuba nayo ipakethe elandelayo. Lo ngumsebenzi oluncedo kakhulu ochaza uhlobo lweprotocol yothutho elandelayo - TCP, UDP, njl., kwaye eya kuthandwa kakhulu kwiiteknoloji zokudluliswa kwedatha elandelayo. Nokuba usebenzisa eyakho iprotocol, uya kuba nakho ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi iprotocol eza kulandela.
Umda we-hop, okanye iHop Limit, iyafana ne-TTL kwi-IPv4 header, kwaye yindlela yokuthintela iindlela ezijikelezayo. Okulandelayo yi-128-bit yedilesi yomthombo kunye ne-128-bit iindawo zedilesi yendawo yokufikela. Yonke iheader ingama-40 bytes ngobukhulu. Njengoko benditshilo, i-IPv6 ilula kakhulu kune-IPv4 kwaye isebenza ngakumbi kwizigqibo zomzila we-router.
Makhe sijonge kwiindidi zeedilesi ze-IPv6. Siyazi ukuba yintoni na i-unicast- luthungelwano oluya ngqo xa isixhobo esinye siqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwesinye kwaye zombini izixhobo zinokunxibelelana kuphela. I-Multicast lusasazo losasazo kwaye ithetha ukuba izixhobo ezininzi ziyakwazi ukunxibelelana ngaxeshanye nesixhobo esinye, esinokuthi sinxibelelane ngaxeshanye nezixhobo ezininzi. Ngale ndlela, i-multicast ifana nesikhululo sikanomathotholo, imiqondiso esasazwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ukuba ufuna ukuva isitishi esithile, kufuneka ukhuphele unomathotholo wakho kumaza athile. Ukuba ukhumbula isifundo sevidiyo malunga neprotocol ye-RIP, ngoko uyazi ukuba le protocol isebenzisa i-domain yokusasazwa kwe-255.255.255.255 apho zonke ii-subnets zixhunyiwe ukuthumela ukuhlaziywa. Kodwa kuphela ezo zixhobo ezisebenzisa i-RIP protocol ziya kufumana olu hlaziyo.
Olunye uhlobo losasazo olungazange lufunyanwe kwi-IPv4 lubizwa ngokuba yi-Anycast. Isetyenziswa xa unezixhobo ezininzi ezinedilesi ye-IP efanayo kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uthumele iipakethi kumamkeli osondeleyo kwiqela labamkeli.
Kwimeko ye-Intanethi, apho sineenethiwekhi ze-CDN, sinokunika umzekelo wenkonzo ye-YouTube. Le nkonzo isetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba bonke baqhagamshela ngqo kwiseva yenkampani eCalifornia. Inkonzo kaYouTube ineeseva ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, umzekelo, iseva ye-YouTube yam yaseIndiya iseSingapore. Ngokufanayo, iprotocol ye-IPv6 inendlela eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokwenza ukuhanjiswa kwe-CDN usebenzisa i-geographical distributed network structure, oko kukuthi, isebenzisa i-Anycast.
Njengoko uqaphele, kukho olunye uhlobo losasazo olulahlekileyo apha, usasazo, kuba iprotocol ye-IPv6 ayisebenzisi. Kodwa i-Multicast kule protocol isebenza ngokufanayo noSasazo kwi-IPv4, kuphela ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Inguqulelo yesithandathu yeprotocol isebenzisa iintlobo ezintathu zeedilesi: Ikhonkco leNdawo, iNdawo eYodwa yeNdawo kunye neGlobal. Siyakhumbula ukuba kwi-IPv4 enye i-interface inedilesi enye ye-IP kuphela. Makhe sicinge ukuba sineendlela ezimbini eziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye, ngoko ke unxibelelwano ngalunye luya kuba nedilesi ye-IP enye kuphela. Xa usebenzisa i-IPv1, ujongano ngalunye lufumana ngokuzenzekelayo idilesi ye-IP yasekuhlaleni. Ezi dilesi ziqala ngo-FE6::/64.
Ezi dilesi ze-IP zisetyenziselwa uqhagamshelwano lwasekuhlaleni kuphela. Abantu abasebenza ngeWindows bazi iidilesi ezifanayo kakhulu zefom 169.254.Π₯.Π₯ - ezi ziidilesi ezilungiselelwe ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa i-IPv4 protocol.
Ukuba ikhompuyutha iqhagamshelana neseva ye-DHCP ukufumana idilesi ye-IP, kodwa ngesizathu esithile ayinakuseka uqhagamshelwano nayo, izixhobo zeMicrosoft zinesixhobo esivumela ikhompyutha ukuba inike idilesi ye-IP kuyo ngokwayo. Kule meko, idilesi iya kuba yinto efana nale: 169.254.1.1. Imeko efanayo iya kuvela ukuba sinekhompyutheni, i-switch kunye ne-router. Makhe sicinge ukuba i-router ayizange ifumane idilesi ye-IP kwi-server ye-DHCP kwaye yabela ngokuzenzekelayo idilesi ye-IP efanayo 169.254.1.1. Emva koko, iya kuthumela isicelo sosasazo lwe-ARP kwinethiwekhi ngokutshintsha, apho iya kubuza ukuba kukho nasiphi na isixhobo senethiwekhi esinayo le dilesi. Emva kokufumana isicelo, ikhomputha iya kuyiphendula: "Ewe, ndinayo idilesi ye-IP efanayo!", Emva koko i-router iya kuzinika idilesi entsha ye-random, umzekelo, 169.254.10.10, kwaye kwakhona uthumele isicelo se-ARP ngaphezulu. inethiwekhi.
Ukuba akukho mntu uxela ukuba banedilesi efanayo, ngoko uya kuzigcinela idilesi 169.254.10.10. Ke, izixhobo kuthungelwano lwendawo zinokukuphepha ukusebenzisa iseva ye-DHCP konke konke, zisebenzisa indlela yokwabela ngokuzenzekelayo iidilesi ze-IP ukuseka unxibelelwano omnye komnye. Yile nto imalunga ne-IP auto-configuration, into esiyibonile amaxesha amaninzi kodwa ayizange isetyenziswe.
Ngokufanayo, i-IPv6 inendlela yokwabela i-Link ye-IP yeedilesi ze-IP eziqala ngo-FE80::. I-slash 64 ithetha ukwahlula iidilesi zenethiwekhi kwiidilesi zehostele. Kule meko, i-64 yokuqala ithetha inethiwekhi, kwaye i-64 yesibini ithetha umphathi.
FE80:: ithetha iidilesi zefom FE80.0.0.0/, apho inxalenye yedilesi yenginginya ibekwe emva kokusikelwa. Ezi dilesi azifani kwisixhobo sethu kunye ne-interface eqhagamshelwe kuyo kwaye iqwalaselwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Kule meko, inxalenye yomninimzi isebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC. Njengoko usazi, idilesi ye-MAC yidilesi ye-IP ye-48-bit equka iibhloko ezi-6 ezinamanani angama-2 anehexadecimal. I-Microsoft isebenzisa le nkqubo;
Kumzekelo wethu, siya kusebenzisa ulandelelwano lweMicrosoft lwefom 11:22:33:44:55:66. Inikwa njani idilesi ye-MAC yesixhobo? Olu landelelwano lwamanani kwidilesi yenginginya, eyidilesi ye-MAC, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: ngakwesobunxele kukho amaqela amathathu 11:22:33, ngakwesokudla amaqela amathathu 44:55:66, kwaye phakathi kongezwa. FF kunye ne-FE. Oku kudala ibhloko ye-64-bit yedilesi ye-IP yomninimzi.
Njengoko usazi, ukulandelelana kwefom 11:22:33:44:55:66 yidilesi ye-MAC ekhethekileyo kwisixhobo ngasinye. Ngokucwangcisa idilesi ye-MAC FF:FE phakathi kwamaqela amabini amanani, sifumana idilesi ye-IP ekhethekileyo yesi sixhobo. Yile ndlela idilesi ye-IP yohlobo lwe-Local Link yenziwe ngayo, esetyenziselwa kuphela ukuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwabamelwane ngaphandle koqwalaselo olukhethekileyo kunye neeseva ezikhethekileyo. Idilesi ye-IP enjalo ingasetyenziselwa kuphela kwicandelo elinye lenethiwekhi kwaye ayikwazi ukusetyenziselwa unxibelelwano lwangaphandle ngaphandle kweli candelo.
Uhlobo olulandelayo lwedilesi yi-Unique Site Local Scope, ehambelana needilesi ze-IP zangaphakathi (zabucala) ze-IPv4 protocol ezifana ne-10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 kunye ne-192.168.0.0/16. Isizathu sokuba kusetyenziswe iidilesi ze-IP zabucala kunye nezangaphandle zoluntu kungenxa yetekhnoloji yeNAT, ebesithetha ngayo kwizifundo ezidlulileyo. ISiza esisodwa soMda weNgingqi yiteknoloji eyenza iidilesi ze-IP zangaphakathi. Unokuthi, "Imran, uthe isixhobo ngasinye sinokuba nedilesi yaso ye-IP, yiyo loo nto sitshintshele kwi-IPv6," kwaye unyanisile. Kodwa abanye abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa ingqikelelo yeedilesi ze-IP zangaphakathi ngezizathu zokhuseleko. Kule meko, i-NAT isetyenziswe njenge-firewall, kwaye izixhobo zangaphandle azikwazi ukunxibelelana ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nezixhobo ezingaphakathi kwinethiwekhi, kuba zineedilesi ze-IP zendawo ezingafumanekiyo kwi-Intanethi yangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, i-NAT idala iingxaki ezininzi malunga ne-VPNs, njenge-protocol ye-ESP. I-IPv4 isebenzise i-IPSec yokhuseleko, kodwa i-IPv6 inendlela yokhuseleko eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ngoko unxibelelwano phakathi kweedilesi ze-IP zangaphakathi nangaphandle kulula kakhulu.
Ukufezekisa oku, i-IPv6 ineendidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeedilesi: ngelixa iidilesi zeNdawo eziZodwa zihambelana needilesi ze-IPv4 zangaphakathi ze-IP, emva koko iidilesi ze-Global zihambelana needilesi ze-IPv4 zangaphandle. Abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukungasebenzisi iidilesi zeNdawo eziZodwa kwaphela, abanye abanakwenza ngaphandle kwazo, ke lo ngumxholo wengxoxo rhoqo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ufumana izibonelelo ezininzi ngakumbi ukuba usebenzisa kuphela iidilesi ze-IP zangaphandle, ngakumbi malunga nokuhamba. Umzekelo, isixhobo sam siya kuba nedilesi ye-IP efanayo nokuba ndise-Bangalore okanye eNew York, ngoko ndingasebenzisa nasiphi na isixhobo sam naphi na emhlabeni ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Njengoko benditshilo, i-IPv6 inesixhobo sokhuseleko esakhelwe ngaphakathi esikuvumela ukuba wenze itonela ekhuselekileyo yeVPN phakathi kwendawo yeofisi yakho kunye nezixhobo zakho. Ngaphambili, besidinga indlela yangaphandle yokwenza itonela yeVPN, kodwa kwi-IPv6 yindlela esemgangathweni eyakhelweyo.
Ekubeni siye sagubungela izihloko ezaneleyo namhlanje, ndiya kuphazamisa isifundo sethu ukuze siqhubeke nengxoxo yethu yenguqu yesithandathu yeProtocol ye-Intanethi (IP) kwividiyo elandelayo. Njengomsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya, ndiza kukucela ukuba uqonde kakuhle ukuba yintoni inkqubo yeenombolo ze-hexadecimal, kuba ukuqonda i-IPv6, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda uguqulo lwesixokelelwano samanani okubini ukuya kwi-hexadecimal kwaye ngokuphambanayo. Umzekelo, kufuneka uyazi ukuba 1111=F, njalo njalo, vele uye kuGoogle ukuze uyiqonde. Kwisifundo sevidiyo esilandelayo ndiza kuzama ukwenza olu tshintsho kunye nawe. Ndincoma ukuba ubukele isifundo sevidiyo sanamhlanje amaxesha amaninzi ukuze ungabi namibuzo malunga nezihloko ezigutyungelweyo.
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