Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nokubuyisela i-router kunye nokutshintsha amagama agqithisiweyo, ukuhlaziya, ukubuyisela nokubuyisela i-IOS, kunye nenkqubo yelayisensi yeCisco yenkqubo yokusebenza ye-IOSv15. Ezi zizihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu malunga nolawulo lwesixhobo sothungelwano.
Ndingalifumana njani igama lam eliyimfihlo? Unokubuza ukuba kutheni oku kungafuneka. Masithi useta isixhobo kwaye usete onke amagama agqithisiweyo ayimfuneko: ye-VTY, ye-console, yendlela yamalungelo, ye-Telnet kunye ne-SSH uqhagamshelo, kwaye ulibale la magama agqithisiweyo. Kungenzeka ukuba umqeshwa wenkampani ozifakile uyeka kwaye akakunika iirekhodi, okanye uthenge i-router kwi-eBay kwaye awuyazi amagama ayimfihlo abekwe ngumnini wangaphambili, ngoko awukwazi ukufikelela kwisixhobo.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka usebenzise iindlela zokuqhekeza. Ugqekeza isixhobo seCisco kwaye usete kwakhona amagama ayimfihlo, kodwa ayiyonyani loo nto ukuba isixhobo ungumnikazi. Oku kufuna izinto ezintathu: Ulandelelwano lwekhefu, irejista yoqwalaselo, kunye nenkqubo yokuqalisa kwakhona.
Usebenzisa iswitshi, cima amandla kwi-router kwaye uyivule kwangoko ukuze i-router iqalise ukuqalisa kwakhona; "abaqhubi be-cisco" babiza eli gama elithi "bouncing". Ngomzuzu wokukhupha umfanekiso we-IOS, kufuneka usebenzise i-boot interrupt, oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa kwisixhobo nge-console port kwaye usebenzise i-Break Sequence. Umdibaniso ongundoqo oqalisa ulandelelwano lweBreakti luxhomekeke kwiprogram yokulinganisa i-terminal oyisebenzisayo, oko kukuthi, kwi-Hyperterminal, ukuphazamisa ukukhuphela kwenziwa ngendibaniselwano enye, ye-SequreSRT - enye. Ngezantsi le vidiyo ndibonelela ngekhonkco , apho unokuziqhelanisa nazo zonke iindlela ezimfutshane zebhodi yezitshixo ezahlukeneyo ze-terminal emulators, ukuhambelana okwahlukileyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Xa usebenzisa i-boot ukuphazamisa, i-router iya kuqala kwimo ye-ROMmon. I-ROMmon iyafana neBIOS yekhompyuter; sisiseko esisisiseko se-OS esikuvumela ukuba wenze imiyalelo yenkonzo esisiseko. Kule modi, ungasebenzisa irejista yoqwalaselo. Njengoko usazi, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqalisa inkqubo ijonga ubukho bezicwangciso zokuqalisa, kwaye ukuba azikho, iqala ngezicwangciso ezingagqibekanga.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso lerejista yokucwangcisa i-router yi-0x2102, oku kuthetha ukuqalisa ukucwangciswa kwe-boot. Ukuba utshintsha eli xabiso ukuya kwi-0x2142, ngoko ngexesha loLwahlulo loLwaphulo-mthetho uqwalaselo lwesiqalo aluyi kuhoywa, ekubeni inkqubo ayiyi kuqwalasela imixholo ye-NVRAM engaguqukiyo, kwaye uqwalaselo olungagqibekanga luya kulayishwa, oluhambelana nezicwangciso ze-NVRAM. i-router ngaphandle kwebhokisi.
Ke, ukuqalisa ngoseto olungagqibekanga, kufuneka utshintshe ixabiso lerejista yoqwalaselo ukuya ku-0x2142, elixelela ngokoqobo isixhobo: "nceda ungaluhoyi uqwalaselo lwe-boot kuzo zonke iibhutsi!" Ekubeni olu qwalaselo luqulathe onke amagama agqithisiweyo, ukuqala ngemimiselo engagqibekanga kukunika unikezelo lwasimahla kwimo ekhethiweyo. Kule modi, unokwenza kwakhona amagama agqithisiweyo, ugcine utshintsho, uqalise inkqubo kwaye ufumane ulawulo olupheleleyo kwisixhobo.
Ngoku ndiza kusungula iPacket Tracer kwaye ndikubonise le nto bendithetha ngayo. Ubona i-topology yenethiwekhi ebandakanya i-router apho kufuneka ulungise amagama agqithisiweyo, iswitshi kunye nelaptop. Kuzo zonke izifundo zevidiyo, ndicofe i icon yesixhobo kwi-Packet Tracer, ndaya kwi-CLI console tab kwaye ndilungise isixhobo. Ngoku ndifuna ukwenza izinto ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ndibonise indlela oku kwenziwa ngayo kwisixhobo sokwenyani.
Ndiza kudibanisa i-serial port ye-laptop RS-232 ngentambo ye-console kwi-console port ye-router; kwinkqubo yintambo eluhlaza. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ndiqwalasele naziphi na iidilesi ze-IP kuba azifuneki ukunxibelelana ne-console port ye-router.
Kwi-laptop, ndiya kwi-Terminal tab kwaye ndikhangele iiparameters: izinga le-baud 9600 bps, i-data bits - 8, akukho parity, i-bits yokuyeka - 1, ukulawula ukuhamba - akukho, kwaye emva koko ucofe u-OK, ondinika ukufikelela kwi-router. ikhonsoli. Ukuba uthelekisa ulwazi kuzo zombini iifestile - i-CLI ye-router ye-R0 kunye nesikrini seLaptop0 laptop, iya kuba yinto efanayo.
I-Packet Tracer ikuvumela ukuba wenze izinto ezifanayo, kodwa ekusebenzeni asiyi kusebenzisa i-CLI router console window, kodwa iya kusebenza kuphela kwi-terminal yekhompyutha.
Ngoko ke, sine-router apho kufuneka siphinde silungise igama eligqithisiweyo. Uya kwi-terminal yelaptop, jonga useto, uye kwipaneli yokuseta umzila kwaye ubone ukuba ukufikelela kuvaliwe ngephasiwedi! Indlela yokuya apho?
Ndiya kwi-router, kwi-tab apho iboniswe njengesixhobo somzimba, cofa kwi-switch yamandla kwaye ngoko nangoko uyivule kwakhona. Uyabona ukuba umyalezo uvela kwi-terminal yefestile malunga nokuzikhupha ngokwakho umfanekiso we-OS. Kweli nqanaba kufuneka usebenzise i Ctrl+C indibaniselwano yesitshixo, oku kusetyenziselwa ukungena kwimo yerommon kwiprogram yePacket Tracer. Ukuba ungenile ngeHyperterminal, kufuneka ucinezele i-Ctrl+Break.
Uyabona ukuba umgca onesihloko esithi rommon 1 uvelile kwikhusi, kwaye ukuba ungenisa uphawu lombuzo, ngoko inkqubo iya kunika uthotho lweengcebiso malunga nokuba yeyiphi imiyalelo enokusetyenziswa kule ndlela.
Iparameter yesiqalo iqala inkqubo yangaphakathi yokuqalisa, i-confreg iqala into eluncedo yoqwalaselo lobhaliso, kwaye lo ngumyalelo esinomdla kuwo. Ndichwetheza i-confreg 0x2142 kumgca wetheminali. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa uqalisa kwakhona, ulwazi olugcinwe kwimemori ye-flash ye-NVRAM aluyi kuhoywa kwaye i-router iya kuqalisa ngemimiselo engagqibekanga njengesixhobo esitsha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ndichwetheze i-confreg yomyalelo 0x2102, irutha iyakusebenzisa iparameters zokuqalisa ezigciniweyo.
Okulandelayo, ndisebenzisa umyalelo wokusetha ngokutsha ukuqalisa kwakhona inkqubo. Njengoko ubona, emva kokuyilayisha, endaweni yokundixelela ukuba ndingenise igama eligqithisiweyo, njengexesha lokugqibela, inkqubo ibuza ngokulula ukuba ndijonge ukuqhubeka nencoko yababini yokucwangcisa. Ngoku sine-router enezicwangciso ezingagqibekanga, ngaphandle kobumbeko lomsebenzisi.
Ndichwetheza hayi, emva koko ndingenise, kwaye ndihambe ukusuka kwimowudi yomsebenzisi ukuya kwimo yamalungelo. Kuba ndifuna ukujonga uqwalaselo lwesiqalo, ndisebenzisa umboniso wokuqalisa-uqwalaselo lomyalelo. Ubona igama lomamkeli wendlela yeNwKing, isibhengezo sokwamkela kunye negama lokugqitha leconsole βconsoleβ. Ngoku ndiyayazi le password kwaye ndiyakwazi ukuyikopa ukuze ndingalibali, okanye ndingayitshintsha ndiye kwenye.
Into endiyidingayo kuqala kukulayisha ulungelelwaniso lokuqaliswa kwi-router yangoku yoqwalaselo. Ukwenza oku ndisebenzisa ikopi yokuqalisa-uqwalaselo olusebenzayo-umyalelo woqwalaselo. Ngoku uqwalaselo lwethu lwangoku lulungiselelo lwangaphambili lwe-router. Uyabona ukuba emva koku igama le-router kumgca womyalelo watshintsha ukusuka kwi-Router ukuya kwi-NwKingRouter. Ukusebenzisa i-show run command, unokujonga ukucwangciswa kwangoku kwesixhobo, apho unokubona ukuba igama eligqithisiweyo leconsole ligama elithi "console", asizange sisebenzise igama lokugqitha, oku kuchanekile. Kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ukubuyisela kwakhona kubulala imo yelungelo kwaye ubuyele kwimowudi yomyalelo womsebenzisi.
Sisenokwenza utshintsho kubhaliso, kwaye ukuba igama eligqithisiweyo beliyimfihlo, oko kukuthi, ukwenza umsebenzi oyimfihlo usetyenzisiwe, ngokucacileyo awungekhe ubenakho ukuyicofa, ngoko ke ungabuyela kwimowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi nge config t kwaye usete ifayile. Iphasiwedi entsha. Ukwenza oku, ndichwetheza umyalelo vumela imfihlo yenza okanye ndingasebenzisa naliphi na elinye igama njengegama lokugqitha. Ukuba uchwetheza bonisa ukubaleka, uya kubona ukuba ukwenza umsebenzi oyimfihlo wenziwe, igama eligqithisiweyo ngoku alibukeki njengegama βyenzaβ, kodwa njengoluhlu lwamagama afihliweyo, kwaye awunaxhala malunga nokhuseleko kuba cwangcisa kwaye uguqulele igama lokugqitha elitsha ngokwakho.
Nantsi indlela yokubuyisela igama lokugqitha lakho. Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba ukuba ufaka umyalelo wenguqulo yokubonisa, uya kubona ukuba ixabiso lerejista yoqwalaselo ngu-0x2142. Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona ndisebenzisa ikopi esebenzayo kumyalelo wokuqalisa kwaye uqalise kwakhona i-router, inkqubo iya kuphinda ilayishe izicwangciso ezingagqibekanga, oko kukuthi, i-router iya kubuyela kwizicwangciso zefektri. Asiyifuni oku konke konke, kuba siphinde sabeka igama eligqithisiweyo, safumana ulawulo lwesixhobo kwaye sifuna ukusisebenzisa kwimo yemveliso.
Ngoko ke, kufuneka ungenise imowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi Indlela (config)# kwaye ngenisa umyalelo config-register 0x2102 kwaye kuphela emva koko usebenzise umyalelo ukukopa uqwalaselo lwangoku kwisiqalo ikopi qhuba. Unako kwakhona ukukopa izicwangciso zangoku kuqwalaselo lwesiqalo usebenzisa umyalelo wokubhala. Ukuba ngoku uchwetheza uguqulelo lokubonisa, uya kubona ukuba ixabiso lerejista yoqwalaselo ngoku ngu-0x2102, kwaye inkqubo ibika ukuba utshintsho luya kusebenza kwixesha elizayo xa uphinda uqalise i-router.
Ngoko ke, siqalisa ukuqalisa kwakhona ngomyalelo wokulayisha kwakhona, inkqubo iphinda iqalise, kwaye ngoku sinazo zonke iifayile zoqwalaselo, zonke izicwangciso kunye nokwazi zonke iiphasiwedi. Yile ndlela ii-passwords ze-router zifunyanwa ngayo.
Makhe sijonge indlela yokwenza inkqubo efanayo yokutshintsha. I-router inokutshintsha okukuvumela ukuba ucime umbane kwaye uphinde uphinde, kodwa i-Cisco switch ayinalo utshintsho olunjalo. Kufuneka siqhagamshele kwi-port ye-console ngentambo ye-console, emva koko siqhawule intambo yamandla emva kokutshintsha, emva kwe-10-15 imizuzwana uyifake emva kwaye ucinezele ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubambe iqhosha le-MODE imizuzwana emi-3. Oku kuya kubeka ngokuzenzekela iswitshi kwimowudi yeROMmon. Kule modi, kufuneka uqalise inkqubo yefayile kwi-flash kwaye unike igama kwakhona ifayile ye-config.text, umzekelo, config.text.old. Ukuba uyicima ngokulula, iswitshi iya "kulibala" kungekuphela nje iipassword, kodwa nazo zonke iisetingi zangaphambili. Emva koku uqalise kwakhona inkqubo.
Kwenzeka ntoni kukutshintsha? Ekuqaliseni kwakhona, ifikelela kwifayile yoqwalaselo config.text. Ukuba ayifumani le fayile kwimemori yeflash yesixhobo, iqalisa i-IOS ngoseto olungagqibekanga. Lo ngumahluko: kwi-router kufuneka utshintshe isethingi yerejista, kodwa ekutshintsheni kufuneka nje utshintshe igama lefayile yokumisela i-boot. Makhe sijonge ukuba oku kwenzeka njani kwiPacket Tracer program. Ngeli xesha ndidibanisa ilaptop ngentambo yeconsole kwizibuko leconsole yokutshintsha.
Asisebenzisi i-console ye-CLI yokutshintsha, kodwa fanisa imeko apho izicwangciso zokutshintsha zinokufumaneka kuphela usebenzisa i-laptop. Ndisebenzisa i-terminal ye-laptop efanayo njengakwimeko ye-router, kwaye ngokucinezela "Faka" ndidibanisa kwi-port ye-console yokutshintsha.
KwiPacket Tracer, andikwazi ukukhupha kunye nokukhupha intambo yamandla njengoko ndinokwenza ngesixhobo somzimba. Ukuba bendinegama eligqithisiweyo leconsole, bendinokulayisha ngaphezulu iswitshi, ke ndingenisa igama lokugqitha vumela umyalelo wokwabela igama lokugqitha lasekhaya kwimo enelungelo leconsole.
Ngoku ukuba ndingena kuseto, ndiyabona ukuba inkqubo ibuza igama eliyimfihlo endingalaziyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa inkqubo ngokutsha. Njengoko ubona, inkqubo ayiwamkeli umyalelo wokulayisha kwakhona, ovela kwisixhobo somsebenzisi kwindlela yomsebenzisi, ngoko ke kufuneka ndisebenzise imo enelungelo. Njengoko benditshilo, kubomi bokwenyani ndiza kukhupha intambo yamandla yokutshintsha imizuzwana embalwa ukuze ndinyanzelise ukuqalisa, kodwa kuba le nto ayinakwenziwa kwinkqubo, kufuneka ndisuse igama eligqithisiweyo kwaye ndiqale ngokutsha ngqo ukusuka apha. Uyaqonda ukuba kutheni ndisenza le nto, akunjalo?
Ke, ndisuka kwi-CLI ithebhu ukuya kwisixhobo soMzimba ithebhu, kwaye xa isixhobo siqala ukuqalisa, ndibambe iqhosha le-MODE elibonakalayo kwimizuzwana emi-3 kwaye ndingenise imowudi yeROMmon. Uyabona ukuba ulwazi olukwifestile ye-CLI yokutshintsha luyafana nakwifestile kwiscreen selaptop. Ndiya kwi-laptop, kwifestile apho imowudi yeROMmon yokutshintsha iboniswa, kwaye faka umyalelo we-flash_init. Lo myalelo uqalisa inkqubo yefayile kwi-flash, emva koko ndikhupha umyalelo we-dir_flash ukujonga imixholo yesibane.
Kukho iifayile ezimbini apha - ifayile ye-IOS yenkqubo yokusebenza kunye ne-.bin extension kunye nefayile ye-config.text, ekufuneka siyibize ngokutsha. Ukwenza oku ndisebenzisa umyalelo othiya igama kwakhona flash:config.text flash:config.old. Ukuba ngoku usebenzisa i-dir_flash umyalelo, unokubona ukuba ifayile ye-config.text ithiywe kwakhona kwi-config.old.
Ngoku ndifaka umyalelo wokusetha kwakhona, ukutshintshela kwakhona kwaye emva kweebhutsi zesistim, kuya kwisethingi engagqibekanga. Oku kungqinwa ngokutshintsha igama lesixhobo kumgca womyalelo ukusuka kwi-NwKingSwitch ukuya kwiTshintsho nje. Umyalelo othiya ngokutsha ukhona kwisixhobo sokwenyani, kodwa awunakusetyenziswa kwiPacket Tracer. Ke ngoko, ndisebenzisa umboniso osebenzayo we-conf, njengoko ubona, iswitshi isebenzisa zonke iisetingi ezingagqibekanga, kwaye ngenisa umyalelo we-flash ngaphezulu: config.old. Nalu uqheliso: kufuneka ukhuphele ngokulula ubumbeko lwesixhobo sangoku esiboniswe kwisikrini, yiya kwimowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi kwaye uncamathisele ulwazi olukhutshelweyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, zonke iisetingi zikhutshelwe, kwaye ubona ukuba igama lesixhobo litshintshile kwaye iswitshi itshintshele ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.
Ngoku konke okuseleyo kukukopa uqwalaselo lwangoku kuqwalaselo lwesiqalo, oko kukuthi, yenza ifayile entsha yoqwalaselo. Eyona ndlela ilula kukuba uyinike igama kwakhona ifayile endala ubuyele ku config.text, oko kukuthi, khuphela imixholo ye config.old kuqwalaselo lwangoku uze uyigcine njenge config.text. Le yindlela ofumana ngayo igama lokugqitha lakho.
Ngoku siza kujonga indlela yogcino kunye nokubuyisela inkqubo yokusebenza yeCisco IOS. Ugcino luquka ukukopa umfanekiso weIOS kwiseva yeTFTP. Okulandelayo, ndiza kukuxelela indlela yokudlulisa ifayile yefayile yenkqubo ukusuka kule seva ukuya kwisixhobo sakho. Isihloko sesithathu kukubuyisela inkqubo kwimodi yeROMmon. Oku kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba iqabane lakho licime ngempazamo i-iOS kunye nenkqubo yayeka ukuqala.
Siza kujonga indlela yokufumana ifayile yenkqubo kwi-TFTP iseva usebenzisa i-ROMmod mode. Kukho iindlela ezi-2 zokwenza oku, enye yazo yi-xmodem. Ipakethe yeTracer ayixhasi i-xmodem, ngoko ke ndiza kuchaza ngokufutshane ukuba yintoni kwaye emva koko ndisebenzise iPacket Tracer ukubonisa indlela esetyenziswa ngayo indlela yesibini - ukubuyisela inkqubo ngeTFTP.
Umzobo ubonisa isixhobo i-Router0, esabelwe idilesi ye-IP 10.1.1.1. Le router iqhagamshelwe kumncedisi ngedilesi ye IP 10.1.1.10. Ndilibele ukunika idilesi kwi-router, ngoko ke ndiya kuyenza ngokukhawuleza ngoku. I-router yethu ayixhunyiwe kwi-laptop, ngoko ke inkqubo ayiboneleli ngekhono lokusebenzisa i-console ye-CLI, kwaye kuya kufuneka ndiyilungise le nto.
Ndidibanisa i-laptop kwi-router ngentambo ye-console, inkqubo icela i-password ye-console, kwaye ndisebenzisa igama elithi console. Kwimowudi yoqwalaselo yehlabathi, ndinikezela ujongano lwe-f0/0 idilesi efunwayo ye-IP kunye ne-subnet mask 255.255.255.0 kwaye ndongeze umyalelo wokungavala.
Emva koko, ndichwetheza umyalelo we-flash kwaye ndibone ukuba kukho iifayile ezi-3 kwimemori. Inombolo yefayile ye-3 iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, le yifayile ye-IOS ye-router. Ngoku kufuneka ndiqwalasele iseva ye-TFTP, ngoko ke ndicofa i-icon yesixhobo se-Server0 kwaye ndivule i-SERVICES tab. Siyabona ukuba iseva ye-TFTP ivuliwe kwaye iqulethe iifayile ezivela kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza zeCisco, kuquka i-IOS ye-router yethu ye-c1841 - le yifayile yesithathu kuluhlu. Kufuneka ndiyisuse kumncedisi kuba ndiza kukopa enye ifayile ye-IOS apha kumzila wethu, Router0. Ukwenza oku, ndigxininisa ifayile kwaye ndicofe Susa ifayile, emva koko uye kwi laptop console tab.
Ukusuka kwi-router console, ndifaka umyalelo wokukopisha i-flash tftp <igama lefayile yomthombo> <idilesi yendawo yokufika/igama lomninimzi>, emva koko ukopishe kwaye unamathisele igama lefayile yenkqubo yokusebenza.
Okulandelayo kumyalelo kufuneka uchaze idilesi okanye igama lenginginya ekude apho le fayile kufuneka ikhutshelwe khona. Kanye njengokuba ugcina uqwalaselo lwe-boot ye-router, kufuneka ulumke apha. Ukuba awukhupheli ngempazamo ulungelelwaniso lwangoku kwi-boot enye, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, i-boot enye ukuya kweyangoku, emva kokuphinda uqalise isixhobo uya kuphulukana nalo lonke useto olwenzileyo. Ngokufanayo, kule meko, umthombo kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo akufanele kudideke. Ngoko, okokuqala sichaza igama lefayile ekufuneka ikopishwe kumncedisi, kwaye ke idilesi ye-IP yalo mncedisi 10.1.1.10.
Uyabona ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwefayile kuqalile, kwaye ukuba ujonga uluhlu lweefayile zeTFTP, unokubona ukuba endaweni yefayile ecinyiweyo, ifayile entsha ye-IOS yomzila wethu ibonakala apha. Le yindlela i-IOS ekhutshelwa ngayo kumncedisi.
Ngoku sibuyela kwiseto yefestile ye-router kwisikrini se-laptop kwaye ungenise ikopi ye-tftp yomyalelo weflash, khankanya idilesi ye-host host ekude 10.1.1.10 kunye negama lefayile yemvelaphi Igama lefayile, oko kukuthi, i-IOS ekufuneka ikhutshelwe i-router flash: c1841-ipbase-mz.123 -14.T7.bin. Okulandelayo, khankanya igama lefayile yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, igama lefayile ekuyiwa kuyo, kwimeko yethu eya kufana ncam negama lemvelaphi. Emva koko, ndicinezela "Ngena" kwaye ifayile entsha ye-IOS ikhutshelwa kwimemori ye-flash ye-router. Uyabona ukuba ngoku sineefayile ezimbini zenkqubo yokusebenza: entsha kwinombolo 3 kunye neyoqobo yangaphambili kwinombolo yesi-4.
Kwigama le-IOS, inguqu ibalulekile kuthi - kwifayile yokuqala, inombolo ye-3, yi-124, kwaye okwesibini, inombolo yesi-4, yi-123, oko kukuthi, inguqulo endala. Ukongeza, i-advipservicesk9 ibonisa ukuba le nguqulelo yenkqubo isebenza ngakumbi kune-ipbase, kuba ivumela ukusetyenziswa kweMPLS kunye nokunye.
Enye imeko kukuba ucime i-flash ngempazamo - ndichwetheza ukucima umyalelo we-flash kwaye ndichaze igama lefayile ye-IOS eza kucinywa.
Kodwa ngaphambi koko, ndifuna ukuthetha ukuba ngoku ngokungagqibekanga ngexesha lokuqalisa, inombolo yefayile yenkqubo 3 iya kusetyenziswa, oko kukuthi, c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin. Masithi ngesizathu esithile ndifuna inombolo yefayile yesi-4 ukuba isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo xa ndiqala inkqubo - c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Ukwenza oku, ndiya kwimowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi kwaye ndichwetheze i-flash system ye-boot: Ρ1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin.
Ngoku, kwixesha elizayo xa uvula, le fayile iya kusetyenziswa njenge-OS engagqibekanga, nokuba sineenkqubo zokusebenza ezimbini ezigcinwe kwi-flash.
Masibuyele ekucimeni i-OS kwaye uthayiphe umyalelo wokucima i-flash: Ρ1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Emva koko, siya kucima i-OS yesibini kunye nomyalelo wokucima i-flash: Ρ1841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin, ukwenzela ukuba i-router iya kulahlekelwa zombini iinkqubo zokusebenza.
Ukuba ngoku sichwetheza i-show flash, siyabona ukuba ngoku asinayo i-OS kwaphela. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinika umyalelo wokuqalisa kwakhona? Uyabona ukuba emva kokufaka umyalelo wokulayisha kwakhona, isixhobo singena ngokukhawuleza kwimodi yeROMmon. Njengoko benditshilo, xa uqalisa isixhobo sijonga ifayile ye-OS kwaye ukuba ilahlekile, iya kwisiseko se-OS rommon.
Ipakethe yeTracer ayinayo imiyalelo ye-xmodem enokusetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokwenyani somzimba. Apho ungenisa i-xmodem kwaye wongeze iinketho eziyimfuneko malunga nokuqalisa i-OS. Ukuba usebenzisa i-terminal ye-SecureCRT, ungacofa kwifayile, khetha ukhetho olwenza ugqithiselo, kwaye emva koko ukhethe xmodem. Nje ukuba ukhethe i-xmodem, ukhetha ifayile yenkqubo yokusebenza. Makhe sicinge ukuba le fayile ikwilaptop yakho, emva koko uchwetheze i-xmodem, yalatha le fayile kwaye uyithumele. Nangona kunjalo i-xmodem icotha kakhulu, kwaye inkqubo yogqithiselo ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani befayile inokuthatha iiyure eziyi-1-2.
Umncedisi we TFTP ukhawuleza kakhulu. Njengoko besenditshilo, i-Packet Tracer ayinayo imiyalelo ye-xmodem, ngoko siya kulayisha i-tftp ngomyalelo we-tftpdnld, emva koko inkqubo iya kunika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokubuyisela umfanekiso wenkqubo ngokusebenzisa iseva ye-TFTP. Ubona iiparameters ezahlukeneyo oza kuyidinga ukuba uzichaze ukukhuphela ifayile ye-OS. Kutheni kufuneka ezi parameters? Kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuba kwimo ye-rommon le router ayinayo ukusebenza kwesixhobo esipheleleyo se-IOS. Ngoko ke, kufuneka siqale sicacise idilesi ye-IP yomzila wethu usebenzisa iparameter IP_ADDRESS=10.1.1.1, emva koko i-subnet mask IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0, isango elimiselweyo DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.1.1.10, iseva TFTP_SERVER.10.1.1.10 kunye ne-. ifayile TFTP_FILE= c1841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin.
Emva kokuba ndenze oku, ndiqhuba umyalelo we-tftpdnld, kwaye inkqubo icela ukuqinisekisa esi senzo, kuba yonke idatha ekhoyo kwi-flash iya kulahleka. Ukuba ndiphendula "Ewe," uya kubona ukuba umbala we-router-server port port utshintshile ube luhlaza, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokukopisha inkqubo yokusebenza kwiseva iyaqhubeka.
Emva kokuba ukhuphelo lwefayile lugqityiwe, ndisebenzisa umyalelo wokuqalisa, othi emva koko uqalise ukukhulula umfanekiso wenkqubo. Uyabona ukuba emva koku i-router iya kwindawo yokusebenza, ekubeni inkqubo yokusebenza ibuyiselwa kwisixhobo. Le yindlela yokusebenza kwesixhobo esiphulukene nenkqubo yayo yokusebenza ibuyiselwa.
Ngoku makhe sithethe kancinci malunga nelayisensi yeCisco IOS.
Ngaphambi kwenguqulo ye-15, kwakukho iinguqulelo zangaphambili zeelayisenisi, umzekelo we-12, emva kokuba i-15 ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza, musa ukubuza apho amanani 13 kunye ne-14 ahamba phi. Isiseko sexabiso, yithi, i-1000 yeedola. Eli ibilelona xabiso liphantsi lehardware enenkqubo esisiseko yoqwalaselo efakiweyo.
Masithi umhlobo wakho wayefuna ukuba isixhobo sakhe sibe nokusebenza okuphezulu kweeNkonzo ze-IP ze-Advance, ngoko ixabiso laliyi-10 lamawaka eedola. Ndikunika amanani angaqhelekanga ukukunika umbono. Ngelixa nina nobabini ninezixhobo ezifanayo, umahluko kuphela yisoftware efakiweyo. Akukho nto inokukunqanda ekuceleni umhlobo ikopi yesoftware yakhe, uyifake kwihardware yakho, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ugcine i-9 yeedola. Nokuba awunaye umhlobo onjalo, kunye nophuhliso lwangoku lwe-Intanethi, unokukhuphela kwaye ufake ikopi yesoftware. Akukho mthethweni kwaye andikucebisi ukuba uyenze, kodwa abantu bayayenza kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto iCisco igqibe kwelokuba iphumeze indlela ethintela ubuqhophololo obunjalo kwaye yaphuhlisa inguqulelo ye-IOS 15 ebandakanya ukunikwa kwelayisensi.
Kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-iOS, umzekelo, i-12.4, igama lenkqubo ngokwayo libonise ukusebenza kwayo, ngoko ke, ngokungena kwisethingi yesixhobo, unokwazi ukumisela igama lefayile ye-OS. Ngapha koko, bekukho iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza zohlobo olufanayo, njengokuba kukho iKhaya leWindows, iWindows Professional, iWindows Enterprise, njl.
Kwinguqulo ye-15, kukho inkqubo enye kuphela yokusebenza jikelele - Cisco IOSv15, enamanqanaba amaninzi elayisensi. Umfanekiso wenkqubo uqulethe yonke imisebenzi, kodwa itshixiwe kwaye yahlulwe ngokweepakethe.
Iphakheji ye-IP Base iyasebenza ngokungagqibekanga, inobungqina bobomi kwaye iyafumaneka kuye nabani na othenga isixhobo seCisco. Iiphakheji ezintathu eziseleyo, iDatha, uNxibelelwano oluManyeneyo kunye noKhuseleko, lunokusebenza kuphela ngelayisenisi. Ukuba ufuna iphakheji yeDatha, ungaya kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani, uhlawule imali ethile, kwaye uCisco uya kuthumela ifayile yelayisensi kwi-imeyile yakho. Ukhuphela le fayile kwimemori yesixhobo sakho usebenzisa i-TFTP okanye enye indlela, emva koko zonke iifitsha zepakethe yeDatha zifumaneka ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba ufuna iimpawu zokhuseleko eziphezulu ezinje nge-encryption, IPSec, VPN, firewall, njl., uthenga ilayisensi yephakheji yoKhuseleko.
Ngoku, usebenzisa iPacket Tracer, ndiza kukubonisa ukuba ijongeka njani le nto. Ndiya kwi-CLI ithebhu yesethingi ze-router kwaye ndifake umyalelo wenguqulo yokubonisa. Uyabona ukuba siqhuba i-OS version 15.1, le yi-OS yendalo yonke equlethe yonke imisebenzi. Ukuba uskrolela phantsi kwefestile, unokubona ulwazi lwelayisensi.
Oku kuthetha ukuba iphakheji ye-ipbase isisigxina kwaye ifumaneka ngalo lonke ixesha i-boots yesixhobo, kwaye ukhuseleko kunye neepakethe zedatha azifumaneki ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ayinazo iilayisensi ezifanelekileyo ngoku.
Ungasebenzisa ilayisensi yokubonisa wonke umyalelo ukujonga ulwazi lwelayisensi eneenkcukacha. Unokujonga kwakhona iinkcukacha zelayisensi yangoku usebenzisa umyalelo weenkcukacha zelayisensi yomboniso. Iimpawu zelayisensi zinokujongwa kusetyenziswa umyalelo weempawu zelayisensi. Esi sisishwankathelo senkqubo yelayisensi yeCisco. Uya kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani, uthenge ilayisenisi efunekayo, kwaye ufake ifayile yelayisenisi kwinkqubo. Oku kunokwenziwa kwimowudi yoqwalaselo lwelizwe jikelele usebenzisa ilayisensi yokufakela umyalelo.
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