Sele sijonge iiVLAN zendawo kwizifundo zevidiyo Iintsuku ze-11, i-12 kunye ne-13 kwaye namhlanje siya kuqhubeka nokufunda ngokuhambelana nezihloko ze-ICND2. Ndirekhode ividiyo yangaphambili, ephawula ukuphela kwamalungiselelo oviwo lwe-ICND1, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwaye lonke eli xesha kude kube namhlanje bendixakeke kakhulu. Ndicinga ukuba abaninzi benu baphumelele ngempumelelo olu viwo, abo baye bahlehlisa uvavanyo banokulinda de kube sekupheleni kwecandelo lesibini lekhosi kwaye bazame ukuphumelela uvavanyo olubanzi lweCCNA 200-125.
Ngesifundo sevidiyo sanamhlanje "Usuku lwama-34" siqala isihloko sekhosi ye-ICND2. Abantu abaninzi bayandibuza ukuba kutheni singayigubungelanga i-OSPF kunye ne-EIGRP. Inyani yeyokuba ezi migaqo yomthetho ayiqukwanga kwizihloko zekhosi ye-ICND1 kwaye ifundwe ukulungiselela ukuphumelela i-ICND2. Ukususela namhlanje siza kuqala ukugubungela izihloko zecandelo lesibini lekhosi kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, siya kufunda i-OSPF kunye ne-EIGRP punctures. Ngaphambi kokuba ndiqale isihloko sanamhlanje, ndifuna ukuthetha malunga nokwakhiwa kwezifundo zethu zevidiyo. Xa ndibonisa izihloko ze-ICND1, andizange ndibambelele kwiitemplates ezamkelweyo, kodwa ndachaza nje izinto eziphathekayo, kuba ndandikholelwa ukuba le ndlela ilula ukuyiqonda. Ngoku, xa ndifunda i-ICND2, ngesicelo sabafundi, ndiya kuqala ukubonisa imathiriyeli yoqeqesho ngokuhambelana nekharityhulam kunye neprogram yekhosi yeCisco.
Ukuba uya kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani, uya kubona esi sicwangciso kunye nenyaniso yokuba yonke le khosi yahlulwe yangamacandelo angundoqo ama-5:
— Itekhnoloji yokutshintsha inethiwekhi yendawo (i-26% yezinto zemfundo);
- Itekhnoloji yendlela (29%);
- Itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi yehlabathi (16%);
— Iinkonzo zeziseko zophuhliso (14%);
— Ukugcinwa kweziseko zophuhliso (15%).
Ndizakuqala ngenxalenye yokuqala. Ukuba ucofa kwimenyu eyehlayo ekunene, unokubona izihloko ezineenkcukacha zeli candelo. Isifundo sevidiyo sanamhlanje siya kugubungela izihloko zeCandelo 1.1: “Ukuqwalasela, ukuQinisekisa, kunye nokuJonga ingxaki kwiiVLAN (Uluhlu oluQhelekileyo/ olwandisiweyo) oluQhuba iiSwitshi ezininzi” kunye namaCandelwana 1.1a “Iizibuko zokufikelela (iDatha kunye neVoice)” kunye ne-1.1.b “iiVLAN ezihlala zihleli” .
Emva koko, ndiza kuzama ukunamathela kumgaqo ofanayo wokubonisa, oko kukuthi, isifundo ngasinye sevidiyo siya kunikezelwa kwicandelo elinye kunye namacandelwana, kwaye ukuba akukho nto yaneleyo, ndiya kudibanisa izihloko zamacandelo amaninzi kwisifundo esinye, kuba umzekelo, 1.2 kunye 1.3. Ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi kweli candelo, ndiya kwahlula zibe ziividiyo ezimbini. Nakweyiphi na imeko, siya kulandela isilabhasi yekhosi kwaye unokuthelekisa ngokulula amanqaku akho ngokuchasene nekharityhulamu yeCisco yangoku.
Uyakwazi ukubona i-desktop yam entsha kwisikrini, le yi-Windows 10. Ukuba ufuna ukuphucula i-desktop yakho ngee-widget ezahlukeneyo, unokubukela ividiyo yam ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Pimp Your Desktop", apho ndikubonisa indlela yokwenza i-desktop yekhompyutha yakho ngokuhambelana iimfuno zakho. Ndithumela iividiyo zolu hlobo kwelinye itshaneli, i-ExplainWorld, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa ikhonkco elikwikona ephezulu ngasekunene kwaye uqhelane nemixholo yalo.
Ngaphambi kokuqala isifundo, ndikucela ukuba ungalibali ukwabelana kunye nokuthanda iividiyo zam. Ndingathanda ukukukhumbuza ngabafowunelwa bethu kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo kunye nekhonkco kumaphepha am obuqu. Ungandibhalela nge-imeyile, kwaye njengoko besenditshilo, abantu abenze umnikelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu baya kuba ngowokuqala ukufumana impendulo yam.
Ukuba awunikelanga, kulungile, ungazishiya izimvo zakho ngezantsi kwezifundo zevidiyo kwisitishi sikaYouTube kwaye ndiza kuziphendula kangangoko ndinako.
Ngoko, namhlanje, ngokweshedyuli yeCisco, siza kujonga imibuzo ye-3: thelekisa i-VLAN engagqibekanga, okanye i-VLAN engagqibekanga, kunye neVLAN yoMthonyama, okanye iVLAN "yomthonyama", fumana ukuba iVLAN eqhelekileyo (uluhlu lweVLAN oluqhelekileyo) luhluke njani uluhlu olwandisiweyo lwenethiwekhi yeVLAN eyandisiweyo kwaye Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kweDatha yeVLAN kunye neVoice VLAN. Njengoko benditshilo, sele siwufundile lo mbandela kuthotho lwangaphambili, kodwa ngokungaphaya, abafundi abaninzi basenobunzima bokufumanisa umahluko phakathi kweentlobo zeVLAN. Namhlanje ndiza kuchaza oku ngendlela enokuthi wonke umntu ayiqonde.
Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kweVLAN eMiselweyo kunye neVLAN yoMthonyama. Ukuba uthatha kraca entsha Cisco iswitshi kunye nezicwangciso zefektri, iya kuba 5 VLANs - VLAN1, VLAN1002, VLAN1003, VLAN1004 kunye VLAN1005.
I-VLAN1 yi-VLAN engagqibekanga kuzo zonke izixhobo zeCisco, kunye ne-VLANs 1002-1005 zigcinelwe i-Token Ring kunye ne-FDDI. I-VLAN1 ayinakucinywa okanye ithiywe ngokutsha, ujongano alunakongezwa kuyo, kwaye onke amazibuko okutshintsha alenethiwekhi ngokungagqibekanga ade aqwalaselwe ngokwahlukileyo. Ngokungagqibekanga, zonke iiswitshi zinokuthetha enye kwenye kuba zonke ziyinxalenye yeVLAN1. Oku kuthetha ukuthi "i-VLAN ehlala ikho".
Ukuba ungena kwizicwangciso zokutshintsha SW1 kwaye unike ujongano ezimbini kwinethiwekhi yeVLAN20, ziya kuba yinxalenye yenethiwekhi yeVLAN20. Phambi kokuba siqale esi sifundo sanamhlanje, ndikucebisa ngamandla ukuba uphonononge iziqendu 11,12, 13, XNUMX zikhankanywe apha ngasentla ngoba andizuphinda ukuba zeziphi iiVLANs nendlela ezisebenza ngayo.
Ndizakukhumbuza nje ukuba awukwazi ukwabela ngokuzenzekelayo ujongano kwinethiwekhi yeVLAN20 de uyidale, ke kuqala kufuneka uye kwimowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi kwaye wenze iVLAN20. Unokujonga kwi-console ye-CLI yokuseta kwaye ubone ukuba ndithetha ukuthini. Xa sele unikezele ezi zibuko zi-2 kwi-VLAN20, i-PC1 kunye ne-PC2 ziya kukwazi ukunxibelelana enye kwenye kuba zombini ziya kuba ze-VLAN20 enye. Kodwa i-PC3 iya kuba yinxalenye ye-VLAN1 kwaye ngenxa yoko ayizukwazi ukunxibelelana neekhompyuter kwi-VLAN20.
Sinokutshintsha kwesibini kwe-SW2, enye yojongano olwabelwe ukusebenza kunye neVLAN20, kwaye iPC5 iqhagamshelwe kweli zibuko. Ngolu yilo loqhagamshelo, i-PC5 ayikwazi ukunxibelelana ne-PC4 kunye ne-PC6, kodwa iikhomputha zombini ziyakwazi ukunxibelelana enye kwenye kuba zeze-VLAN1 enye.
Zombini iiswitshi ziqhagamshelwe ngesiqu ngamazibuko aqwalaselwe ngokulandelelanayo. Andizi kuphinda, ndiza kuthetha ukuba zonke iizibuko zokutshintsha ziqwalaselwe ngokungagqibekanga kwimowudi ye-trunking usebenzisa iprotocol ye-DTP. Ukuba uqhagamshela ikhompyutha kwizibuko elithile, ngoko eli zibuko liyakusebenzisa indlela yofikelelo. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha izibuko apho iPC3 iqhagamshelwe kule ndlela, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufake imowudi yokutshintshela umyalelo wofikelelo.
Ngoko ke, ukuba udibanisa iitshintshi ezimbini komnye nomnye, zenza i-trunk. Amazibuko amabini aphezulu e-SW1 aya kudlula kuphela i-VLAN20 ye-traffic, i-port engezantsi iya kudlula kuphela i-VLAN1 traffic, kodwa uxhulumaniso lwe-trunk luya kudlula kuzo zonke iitrafikhi ezidlula kwi-switch. Ngaloo ndlela, i-SW2 iya kufumana i-traffic evela kuzo zombini i-VLAN1 kunye ne-VLAN20.
Njengoko ukhumbula, iiVLAN zinokubaluleka kwendawo. Ke ngoko, i-SW2 iyazi ukuba i-traffic efika kwizibuko i-VLAN1 isuka kwi-PC4 inokuthunyelwa kuphela kwi-PC6 ngezibuko elikwaye-VLAN1. Nangona kunjalo, xa iswitshi enye ithumela i-traffic kwenye iswitshi phezu kwetrunk, kufuneka isebenzise indlela ecacisa iswitshi yesibini ukuba luhlobo luni lwetrafikhi. Njengomatshini onjalo, inethiwekhi yeNative VLAN iyasetyenziswa, edityaniswe kwizibuko lesiqu kwaye igqithise itrafikhi ephawulweyo kuyo.
Njengoko besenditshilo, iswitshi inenethiwekhi enye kuphela engekho phantsi kotshintsho - le yinethiwekhi engagqibekanga yeVLAN1. Kodwa ngokungagqibekanga, iNative VLAN yiVLAN1. Yintoni iVLAN yoMthonyama? Le yinethiwekhi evumela i-traffic engabhalwanga ukusuka kwi-VLAN1, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-port ye-trunk ifumana i-traffic kuyo nayiphi na enye inethiwekhi, kwimeko yethu ye-VLAN20, ifakwe uphawu. Isakhelo ngasinye sinedilesi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo iDA, idilesi yomthombo SA, kunye nethegi yeVLAN equlethe iVLAN ID. Kwimeko yethu, le ID ibonisa ukuba le traffic yeyeVLAN20, ngoko inokuthunyelwa kuphela nge-VLAN20 port kwaye imiselwe iPC5. I-VLAN yoMthonyama kunokuthiwa ithathe isigqibo sokuba i-traffic kufuneka iphawulwe okanye ingafakwanga.
Khumbula ukuba i-VLAN1 yi-VLAN yoMthonyama engagqibekanga kuba ngokungagqibekanga onke amazibuko asebenzisa i-VLAN1 njenge-VLAN yoMthonyama ukuthwala itrafikhi engabhalwanga. Nangona kunjalo, iVLAN eMiselweyo yiVLAN1 kuphela, inethiwekhi kuphela engenakuguqulwa. Ukuba iswitshi ifumana izakhelo ezingaphawulwanga kwizibuko lesiqu, ibanika ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-Native VLAN.
Ukubeka ngokulula, kwiiswitshi zeCisco ungasebenzisa nayiphi na i-VLAN njenge-VLAN yoMthonyama, umzekelo, i-VLAN20, kunye ne-VLAN1 kuphela enokusetyenziswa njenge-VLAN ehlala ikhona.
Ngokwenjenjalo, sisenokuba nengxaki. Ukuba sitshintsha i-Native VLAN ye-trunk port ye-switch yokuqala ukuya kwi-VLAN20, i-port iya kucinga: "ekubeni le yi-VLAN yoMthonyama, ngoko itrafikhi yayo ayifuni kuphawulwa" kwaye iya kuthumela i-traffic engabhalwanga yenethiwekhi ye-VLAN20. ecaleni kwetrunk ukuya kwiswitshi yesibini. Ukutshintsha i-SW2, emva kokuba ufumene le traffic, uya kuthi: "Kulungile, le traffic ayinayo ithegi. Ngokwesetingi zam, iVLAN yam yoMthonyama yiVLAN1, okuthetha ukuba kufuneka ndithumele le traffic ingabhalwanga kwiVLAN1. Ke i-SW2 iyakuthumela kuphela itrafikhi efunyenweyo kwi-PC4 kunye ne-PC-6 nangona imiselwe i-PC5. Oku kuya kudala ingxaki enkulu yokhuseleko kuba iya kuxuba i-VLAN traffic. Yiyo loo nto i-VLAN enye yoMthonyama kufuneka isoloko iqwalaselwe kuwo omabini amazibuko esiqu, oko kukuthi, ukuba i-VLAN yoMthonyama yezibuko lesiqu SW1 yi VLAN20, ngoko i-VLAN20 efanayo kufuneka imiselwe njenge VLAN yoMthonyama kwizibuko lesiqu SW2.
Lo ngumahluko phakathi kweVLAN yoMthonyama kunye neVLAN eMiselweyo, kwaye kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba zonke iiVLAN zoMthonyama esiqwini kufuneka zihambelane (inqaku lomguquleli: ngoko ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ngaphandle kweVLAN1 njengeVLAN yoMthonyama).
Makhe sijonge oku ngokwembono yokutshintsha. Ungangena kwiswitshi kwaye uchwetheze umboniso omfutshane womyalelo we-vlan, emva koko uya kubona ukuba onke amazibuko okutshintsha aqhagamshelwe kwi-VLAN1 emiselweyo.
Apha ngezantsi kuboniswa iiVLAN ezi-4 ngaphezulu: 1002,1003,1004 kunye ne-1005. Zizothungelwano ezingagqibekanga kuba zigcinelwe uthungelwano oluthile - iToken Ring kunye ne FDDI. Njengoko ubona, zikwimeko esebenzayo, kodwa azixhaswanga, kuba uthungelwano lwemigangatho ekhankanyiweyo aluxhunywanga kutshintshi.
Igama elithi "ukwendalo" yeVLAN 1 ayinakutshintshwa kuba inethwekhi engagqibekanga. Ukusukela ngokungagqibekanga onke amazibuko okutshintsha angawolu nxibelelwano, zonke iiswitshi zinokunxibelelana ngokungagqibekanga, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yoqwalaselo lwezibuko olongezelelweyo. Ukuba ufuna ukudibanisa iswitshi kwenye inethiwekhi, ufaka imo yesethingi yehlabathi kwaye wenze le nethiwekhi, umzekelo, VLAN20. Ngokucinezela u-"Ngena", uya kuya kuseto lwenethiwekhi eyenziwe kwaye ungayinika igama, umzekelo, uLawulo, kwaye uphume kwizicwangciso.
Ukuba ngoku usebenzisa umboniso vlan umyalelo omfutshane, uya kubona ukuba sinothungelwano olutsha lweVLAN20, olungahambelaniyo nakweliphi na izibuko lokutshintsha. Ukuze unikeze izibuko elithile kulo msebenzi wothungelwano, kufuneka ukhethe ujongano, umzekelo, int e0/1, yiya kwizicwangciso zeli zibuko kwaye ngenisa ufikelelo lwendlela yokutshintshela kunye nonikezelo lonxibelelwano lwe-vlan20 imiyalelo.
Ukuba sicela inkqubo ukuba ibonise ubume beeVLAN, siya kubona ukuba i-Ethernet port 0/1 ngoku yenzelwe inethiwekhi yoLawulo, oko kukuthi, ihanjiswe apha ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kwindawo yezibuko ezabelwe ngokungagqibekanga kwi-VLAN1.
Khumbula ukuba izibuko ngalinye lokufikelela linokuba ne-VLAN yeDatha enye, ngoko ayinakuxhasa iiVLAN ezimbini ngaxeshanye.
Ngoku makhe sijonge kwi-Native VLAN. Ndisebenzisa bonisa int trunk umyalelo kwaye ndibone ukuba izibuko Ethernet0/0 yabelwe esiqwini.
Khange ndifune ukwenza oku ngenjongo kuba iprotocol ye-DTP yabelwa ngokuzenzekelayo olu jongano lwe-trunking. Izibuko likwimo enqwenelekayo, i-encapsulation yolohlobo lwe-n-isl, isimo sezibuko siphantsi, umsebenzi womnatha yiNative VLAN1.
Oku kulandelayo kubonisa uluhlu lwamanani e-VLAN 1-4094 avumelekileyo kwi-trunking kwaye ibonisa ukuba sineVLAN1 kunye neenethiwekhi ze-VLAN20 ezisebenzayo. Ngoku ndiza kungena kwimowudi yoqwalaselo lwehlabathi kwaye ndichwetheze umyalelo int e0/0, enkosi apho ndiya kuya kwizicwangciso zolujongano. Ndizama ukucwangcisa ngesandla eli zibuko ukuba lisebenze kwimowudi yetrunk kunye nomyalelo we-switchport ye-trunk, kodwa inkqubo ayiwamkeli umyalelo, iphendula ngokuthi: "I-interface ene-automatic trunk encapsulation mode ayinakutshintshelwa kwimo ye-trunk."
Ngoko ke, kufuneka ndiqale ndiqwalasele uhlobo lwe-trunk encapsulation, apho ndisebenzisa umyalelo we-switchport trunk encapsulation. Isixokelelwano sibonelela ngeengcebiso ezineparameters ezinokwenzeka kulo myalelo:
dot1q - ngexesha le-trunking, i-port isebenzisa i-802.1q trunk encapsulation;
isl-ngexesha le-trunking, i-port isebenzisa i-trunking encapsulation kuphela ye-protocol ye-Cisco ISL yobunikazi;
Thetha-thethwano - isixhobo sifaka i-trunking nasiphi na isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kweli zibuko.
Uhlobo olufanayo lwe-encapsulation kufuneka lukhethwe ekupheleni kwe-trunk. Ngokungagqibekanga, ukutshintshela ngaphandle kwebhokisi kuxhasa kuphela uhlobo lwe-dot1q, kuba phantse zonke izixhobo zenethiwekhi ziyawuxhasa lo mgangatho. Ndiza kucwangcisa ujongano lwethu lokuhlanganisa i-trunking ngokwalo mgangatho usebenzisa i-switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q umyalelo, kwaye ke usebenzise umyalelo wesiqu sokutshintsha owaliwe ngaphambili. Ngoku izibuko lethu lilungiselelwe imowudi ye-trunk.
Ukuba i-trunk yenziwe ngokutshintshwa kweCisco ezimbini, iprotocol ye-ISL yobunikazi iya kusetyenziswa ngokungagqibekanga. Ukuba iswitshi enye ixhasa i-dot1q kunye ne-ISL, kwaye eyesibini kuphela i-dot1q, i-trunk iya kutshintshelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-dot1q ye-encapsulation mode. Ukuba sijonga kwakhona iiparamitha ze-trunking, sinokubona ukuba imowudi ye-trunking encapsulation ye-interface ye-Et0/0 ngoku itshintshile ukusuka kwi-n-isl ukuya kwi-802.1q.
Ukuba sifaka umboniso int e0/0 umyalelo wokutshintsha kwe-switchport, siya kubona zonke iiparameters zobume beli zibuko.
Uyabona ukuba ngokungagqibekanga i-VLAN1 "yinethiwekhi yendalo" ye-Native VLAN ye-trunking, kunye nemowudi yokuthegiswa kwetrafikhi ye-VLAN inokwenzeka. Okulandelayo, ndisebenzisa umyalelo we-int e0/0, yiya kwizicwangciso zolu jongano kwaye uchwetheze i-switchport trunk, emva koko inkqubo inika iingcebiso malunga neeparamitha ezinokwenzeka zalo myalelo.
Ivunyiwe ithetha ukuba izibuko likwimo yesiqu, iimpawu ezivumelekileyo zeVLAN ziza kucwangciswa. I-Ecapsulation yenza ukuba i-trunking encapsulation ukuba izibuko likwimo yesiqu. Ndisebenzisa iparameter yemveli, ethetha ukuba kwimo yesiqu izibuko lizakuba neempawu zomthonyama, kwaye ngenisa i-switchport trunk yemveli ye-VLAN20 yomyalelo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwimo yesiqu, i-VLAN20 iya kuba yi-VLAN yoMthonyama kweli zibuko lokutshintsha kokuqala kwe-SW1.
Sinenye iswitshi, SW2, kwizibuko lesiqu apho iVLAN1 isetyenziswa njenge VLAN yoMthonyama. Ngoku uyabona ukuba i-CDP yeprotocol ibonisa umyalezo wokuba i-Native VLAN yokungafani iye yafunyanwa kuzo zombini iziphelo zesiqu: i-trunk port ye-Ethernet0/0 switch yokuqala isebenzisa i-Native VLAN20, kunye ne-trunk port ye-switch yesibini isebenzisa i-Native VLAN1. . Oku kubonisa ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kweVLAN yoMthonyama kunye neVLAN ehlala ikho.
Masiqale ukujonga uluhlu oluqhelekileyo nolwandisiweyo lweeVLAN.
Ixesha elide, i-Cisco ixhasa kuphela inani lenombolo ye-VLAN 1 nge-1005, kunye noluhlu lwe-1002 nge-1005 egcinwe ngokungagqibekanga kwi-Token Ring kunye ne-FDDI VLANs. Ezi nethiwekhi zazibizwa ngokuba ziiVLAN eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba uyakhumbula, i-ID ye-VLAN yi-12-bit tag ekuvumela ukuba usete inani ukuya ku-4096, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zokuhambelana Cisco wasebenzisa amanani kuphela ukuya ku-1005.
Uluhlu olwandisiweyo lweVLAN lubandakanya amanani ukusuka kwi-1006 ukuya kwi-4095. Ingasetyenziselwa izixhobo ezindala kuphela xa zixhasa i-VTP v3. Ukuba usebenzisa i-VTP v3 kunye noluhlu olwandisiweyo lwe-VLAN, kufuneka ukhubaze inkxaso ye-VTP v1 kunye ne-v2, kuba iinguqulelo zokuqala nezesibini azikwazi ukusebenza kunye neeVLAN ukuba zibalwe ngaphezu kwe-1005.
Ngoko ukuba usebenzisa i-VLAN eyandisiweyo yokutshintsha abadala, i-VTP kufuneka ibe kwimo "ye-deable" kwaye kufuneka uyiqwalasele ngesandla kwi-VLAN, kungenjalo uhlaziyo lwedatha ye-VLAN aluyi kukwazi ukwenzeka. Ukuba uza kusebenzisa i-VLAN eyandisiweyo nge-VTP, ufuna inguqulelo yesithathu ye-VTP.
Makhe sijonge ubume beVTP sisebenzisa umyalelo wesimo se-vtp. Uyabona ukuba iswitshi isebenza kwimowudi ye-VTP v2, kunye nenkxaso yeenguqulelo 1 kunye no-3 kunokwenzeka ukuba ndinike igama lesizinda elithi nwking.org.
Indlela yokulawula ye-VTP - iseva ibalulekile apha. Uyabona ukuba inani eliphezulu leeVLAN ezixhaswayo ngu 1005. Ngaloo ndlela, unokuqonda ukuba olu tshintsho ngokungagqibekanga luxhasa kuphela uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lweVLAN.
Ngoku ndiza kuchwetheza bonisa i-vlan emfutshane kwaye uya kubona Ulawulo lweVLAN20, ekhankanywe apha kuba yinxalenye yedatha yeVLAN.
Ukuba ngoku ndicela ukubonisa uqwalaselo lwesixhobo sangoku kunye nomyalelo wokuqhutywa komboniso, asiyi kubona nakuphi na ukukhankanywa kweeVLANs kuba ziqulethwe kuphela kwisiseko sedatha seVLAN.
Emva koko, ndisebenzisa umyalelo wendlela ye-vtp ukulungisa indlela yokusebenza yeVTP. Ukutshintsha kweemodeli ezindala kuneeparameters ezintathu kuphela kulo myalelo: umxhasi, otshintshela kwimodi yomxhasi, iseva, evula imodi yomncedisi, kunye ne-transparent, eguqula ukutshintshela kwimodi "ecacileyo". Ekubeni kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhubaza ngokupheleleyo i-VTP kutshintsho oludala, kule ndlela ukutshintshwa, ngelixa kusele inxalenye ye-domain ye-VTP, kuyeka nje ukwamkela uhlaziyo lwedatha ye-VLAN olufika kumazibuko ayo nge-protocol ye-VTP.
Ukutshintsha okutsha ngoku kuneparameter evaliweyo, ekuvumela ukuba ucime ngokupheleleyo imo yeVTP. Masitshintshe isixhobo kwimowudi ebonakalayo sisebenzisa i-vtp imowudi ecacileyo kwaye sijonge enye uqwalaselo lwangoku. Njengoko ubona, ingeniso malunga neVLAN20 ngoku yongezwe kuyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba songeza i-VLAN enombolo yayo ikuluhlu lwe-VLAN oluqhelekileyo kunye namanani ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1005, kwaye kwangaxeshanye i-VTP ikwimo ecacileyo okanye ecinyiweyo, ngoko ngokuhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-VLAN yangaphakathi le nethiwekhi iya kongezwa kwimo yangoku. uqwalaselo nakwi VLAN database.
Makhe sizame ukongeza i-VLAN 3000, kwaye uya kubona ukuba kwimo ecacileyo ibonakala kuqwalaselo lwangoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba sifuna ukongeza inethiwekhi ukusuka kuluhlu olwandisiweyo lwe-VLAN, siya kusebenzisa i-vtp inguqulo yesi-3 yomyalelo njengoko ubona, zombini i-VLAN20 kunye ne-VLAN3000 ziboniswa kuqwalaselo lwangoku.
Ukuba uphuma kwimo esebenza elubala kwaye wenze imowudi yomncedisi usebenzisa i-vtp imo yomncedisi umyalelo, kwaye emva koko ujonge uqwalaselo lwangoku kwakhona, ungabona ukuba amangeno eVLAN anyamalele ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba zonke iinkcukacha zeVLAN zigcinwe kuphela kwisiseko sedatha seVLAN kwaye zinokujongwa kuphela kwimowudi ecacileyo yeVTP. Ukusukela ukuba ndenze imowudi ye-VTP v3, emva kokusebenzisa umyalelo wesimo se-vtp, unokubona ukuba inani eliphezulu leeVLAN ezixhaswayo liye landa ukuya kwi-4096.
Ngoko ke, i-VTP v1 kunye ne-VTP v2 yedatha isekela kuphela ii-VLAN eziqhelekileyo ezinenombolo ye-1 ukuya ku-1005, ngelixa i-VTP v3 yedatha iquka amangenelo e-VLAN eyandisiweyo enenombolo ye-1 ukuya ku-4096. kuqwalaselo lwangoku. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa uluhlu olwandisiweyo lweVLAN, isixhobo kufuneka sibekwimowudi yeVTP v3. Lo ngumahluko phakathi kweVLAN eqhelekileyo kunye neyongeziweyo.
Ngoku siza kuthelekisa iiVLAN zedatha kunye neVLAN yezwi. Ukuba uyakhumbula, ndathi izibuko ngalinye linokuba leleVLAN enye ngexesha.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi kufuneka siqwalasele izibuko ukuze sisebenze ngefowuni ye-IP. Iifowuni zanamhlanje zeCisco IP zineswitshi yazo eyakhelweyo, ukuze ukwazi ukuqhagamshela ifowuni ngentambo kwindawo yokuphuma eludongeni, kunye nentambo yokuqhafaza kwikhompyuter yakho. Ingxaki yayikukuba i-jack eludongeni efakwe kwi-port yefowuni kufuneka ibe neeVLAN ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Sele sixoxile kwizifundo zevidiyo ze-11 kunye neentsuku ze-12 ukuba zenzeni ukukhusela i-loops ye-traffic, indlela yokusebenzisa ingcamango ye-VLAN "yomthonyama" edlula i-traffic engabhalwanga, kodwa ezi zonke zaziyi-workarounds. Isisombululo sokugqibela kwingxaki yayiyingcamango yokwahlula iiVLAN kwiinethiwekhi zetrafikhi yedatha kunye nothungelwano lokuhamba kwezwi.
Kule meko, udibanisa yonke imigca yefowuni kwiVLAN yelizwi. Umzobo ubonisa ukuba i-PC1 kunye ne-PC2 inokuba kwi-VLAN20 ebomvu, kwaye i-PC3 inokuba kwi-VLAN30 eluhlaza, kodwa zonke iifowuni zabo ze-IP ezinxulumene nazo ziya kuba kwilizwi elityheli elifanayo le-VLAN50.
Enyanisweni, izibuko ngalinye lokutshintsha kwe-SW1 liya kuba neeVLAN ezi-2 ngaxeshanye - kwidatha kunye nelizwi.
Njengoko benditshilo, iVLAN yofikelelo ihlala ineVLAN enye, awunakuba neeVLAN ezimbini kwizibuko elinye. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-switchport ukufikelela kwi-vlan 10 kunye nokufikelela kwi-switchport ye-vlan ye-20 imiyalelo kwi-interface enye ngexesha elinye: i-switchport ukufikelela kwi-vlan 50 kunye ne-switchport yezwi vlan 10. umyalelo Ngoko, ekubeni ifowuni ye-IP iqulethe iswitshi ngaphakathi kwayo, inokubamba kwaye ithumele i-VLAN50 i-traffic traffic kwaye ifumane kunye nokuthumela i-VLAN50 yedatha yedatha yokutshintsha i-SW20 kwimodi yokufikelela kwi-switchport. Makhe sibone ukuba le modi iqwalaselwe njani.
Okokuqala siya kudala inethiwekhi yeVLAN50, kwaye emva koko siya kuya kuseto lwe-Ethernet 0/1 ujongano kwaye siyilungiselele ukufikelela kwimowudi yokutshintsha. Emva koko, ndingena ngokulandelelana kwi-switchport ukufikelela kwi-vlan 10 kunye ne-switchport voice vlan 50 imiyalelo.
Ndilibele ukuqwalasela imo ye-VLAN efanayo yesiqu, ngoko ke ndiza kuya kwizicwangciso ze-Ethernet port 0/0 kwaye ndingenise i-switchport trunk yemveli vlan 1. Ngoku ndiza kucela ukubonisa iiparamitha ze-VLAN, kwaye ungabona. ukuba ngoku kwi-Ethernet port 0/1 sineenethiwekhi zombini - VLAN 50 kunye VLAN20.
Ke, ukuba ubona ukuba kukho iiVLAN ezimbini kwizibuko elinye, oku kuthetha ukuba enye yazo yiVoice VLAN. Oku akunakuba sisiqobo kuba ukuba ujonga kwi parameters yesiqu usebenzisa i show int trunk umyalelo, ungabona ukuba izibuko le trunk liqulathe zonke ii VLAN, ukuquka engagqibekanga VLAN1.
Unokuthi ngokobuchwephesha, xa udala inethiwekhi yedatha kunye nenethiwekhi yezwi, nganye kwezi zibuko ziziphatha njenge-semi-trunk: enye inethiwekhi isebenza njenge-trunk, enye njenge-port yokufikelela.
Ukuba uchwetheza umyalelo bonisa int e0/1 switchport, ungabona ukuba ezinye iimpawu zihambelana neendlela ezimbini zokusebenza: sinokufikelela kokubini kunye ne-trunking encapsulation. Kule meko, imodi yokufikelela ihambelana nenethiwekhi yedatha yeVLAN 20 Management kwaye ngexesha elifanayo inethiwekhi yezwi iVLAN 50 ikhona.
Ungajonga kuqwalaselo lwangoku, oluya kubonisa kwakhona ukuba ufikelelo vlan 20 kunye nelizwi vlan 50 zikhona kwelizibuko.
Lo ngumahluko phakathi kweeVLAN zeDatha kunye neVoice VLAN. Ndiyathemba ukuba uyayiqonda yonke into endiyithethileyo, ukuba akunjalo, vele ubukele esi sifundo sevidiyo kwakhona.
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