Isifundo sevidiyo sanamhlanje kwi-Distance Vector kunye ne-Link State protocols routing protocols prefaces enye yezona zihloko ezibalulekileyo zekhosi ye-CCNA - i-OSPF kunye ne-EIGRP yomzila we-protocol. Esi sihloko siyakuthatha isi-4 okanye esi-6 sezifundo zevidiyo ezilandelayo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje ndiza kuthetha ngokufutshane malunga neengcamango ezimbalwa omele wazi ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda nge-OSPF kunye ne-EIGRP.
Kwisifundo sokugqibela, sihlolisise icandelo le-2.1 yesihloko se-ICND2, kwaye namhlanje siza kufunda amacandelo e-2.2 "Ukufana kunye nokuhlukana phakathi kweeprothokholi ze-vector ye-distance Vector (DV) kunye ne-Link State (LS) iiprothokholi zesiteshi sonxibelelwano" kunye ne-2.3 "Ukufana kunye nokungafani phakathi kweendlela zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ".
Njengoko benditshilo, kwiividiyo ezi-4 okanye ezi-6 ezilandelayo siya kugubungela izihloko eziphambili zekhosi yonke - OSPFv2 ye-IPv4, OSPFv3 ye-IPv6, i-EIGRP ye-IPv4 kunye ne-EIGRP ye-IPv6. Abafundi bahlala bendibuza ukuba yintoni i-Routing protocol kwaye yohluke njani kwi-Routed/Routable protocol.
Iprotocol yomzila esetyenziswa yi-router, njenge-RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, kunye nabanye. Iprotocol yomzila yindlela yokuba ii-routers zinxibelelane enye kwenye apho zitshintshiselana ngolwazi malunga nenethiwekhi kwaye zizalise iitafile zazo zomzila kunye nolo lwazi. Ngokusekelwe kwezi thebhile, benza izigqibo zomzila.
Emva kokuba i-routers "ithethe" enye kwenye kwaye igcwalise iitafile zomzila, emva kokuba benze konke oku ngoncedo lweprotocol yomzila, benza izigqibo malunga nokuthumela i-traffic kwamanye amanethiwekhi. Isebenzisa inkqubo elandelwayo evumela ii-routers ukuba zigqithise okanye zilandele i-traffic. Ezi prothokholi ziquka i-IPv4 kunye ne-IPv6.
Ngoko, i-protocol yomzila iqinisekisa ukuba iitafile zomzila zizaliswe ngolwazi, kwaye i-protocol elandelwayo iqinisekisa ukuba i-traffic ihanjiswa ngokuhambelana nolwazi olukule tafile. Ndiyabulela kwi-IPv4 okanye i-IPv6, idatha edlulisiweyo ifakwe kwaye inikwe ii-headers ze-IP, njengoko amagama ale migaqo ngokwawo, i-IP, ibonisa.
Umbuzo olandelayo ngowomahluko phakathi kweProtocol yeSango sangaPhakathi kunye neProtocol yeSango sangaphandle. Musa ukuvumela igama elithi "isango" likukhohlise. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-routers zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuzimela. Masithi uneendlela ezingama-50 kwinkampani yakho usebenzisa nayiphi na iprotocol ye-IP oyithandayo. Zonke zenza inkqubo yokuzimela, oko kukuthi, zisetyenziswa kwaye zilawulwa yinkampani enye, intlangano enye.
Ngoko ke, iiprothokholi ezisetyenziswayo ukunika indlela ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokuzimela ebizwa ngokuba yi-internal gateway protocols, kwaye iiprothokholi zokuhambisa ngaphandle kwenkqubo zibizwa ngokuba ziiprothokholi zesango langaphandle. IProtocol yeSango saNgaphandle ibonelela ngeendlela phakathi kweeNkqubo eziZimelayo ezahlukeneyo. Enye inkqubo enjalo inokuba yi-ISP yakho, kwaye inkqubo yabo inokuba yi-200 routers. Iinkqubo ezizimeleyo zisebenzisa i-protocol yesango langaphandle ukunxibelelana nabanye.
Iiprothokholi zesango zangaphakathi zi-RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, kunye neprotocol enye ngoku isetyenziswa njengeprothokholi yesango langaphandle - BGP.
Iinkcazo ezimbini ezilandelayo okufuneka uziqonde ziyi-Distance Vector kunye ne-Link State. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zeprothokholi yomzila wesango langaphakathi.
Masithi sineendlela ezi-3 eziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye nakwinethiwekhi ye-192.168.10.0/24. Masizibize ngo-A, B, kunye no-C. Kwikhosi ye-ICND1, siyayazi into eyenzekayo xa usebenzisa i-RIP.
Ngenxa yokuba i-Router B ikufutshane kwinethiwekhi ye-192.168.10.0/24, i-Router B ithumela kuqala isibhengezo malunga nale nethiwekhi kwi-Router A kunye ne-Router C. I-Router C nayo idlulisela esi sibhengezo kwi-Router A. I-Router A ifumana ulwazi malunga nenethiwekhi 192.168.10.0 /24 ngokusebenzisa ujongano ezimbini - f0/0 kunye f0/1. Ekubeni iprotocol ye-RIPv2 isebenzisa i-Hop Count metric, iya kuxelela i-router ukuba eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokungena kule nethiwekhi idlula kwi-Router B, kuba ke inethiwekhi inokufikelelwa kwi-hop enye. Ukuba usebenzisa ujongano lwe-f192.168.10.0/24 ukunxibelelana nenethiwekhi ye-0/1, kuya kufuneka ii-hops ezi-2. Ke, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-router A, kuya kuba yinto efanelekileyo ukusebenzisa i-f0 / 0 interface. A yenza esi sigqibo kuba isebenzisa i-RIP, eyiprotocol yevector yomgama.
Ngokomzobo obonisiweyo, siyabona ukuba esi sisisombululo esichanekileyo, kuba umgama phakathi kuka-A no-B ngowona mfutshane. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndithi kukho umgca wama-64 kbps phakathi kuka-A no-B, kunye nomgca we-100 Mbps phakathi kuka-C no-B, kwaye umgca ofanayo uphakathi kuka-C no-A?
Yeyiphi indlela phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo eya kuba yeyona ilungileyo?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-100 leemegabhithi ngomgca wesibini ingcono kakhulu kune-64 kilobits ngomgca wesibini, nokuba indlela edlula kuyo ithatha i-hops e-2 endaweni yesinye. Nangona kunjalo, iprotocol yevector yomgama i-RIP ayithatheli ngqalelo isantya sothumelo lwezithuthi, kuba ukhetho lweyona ndlela ilungileyo lukhokelwa linani elincinci leehops. Kule meko, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-Link State protocol efana ne-OSPF. Le protocol ijonga amaxabiso eendlela, kwaye ufumane eyona βyeyona itshiphuβ, ithumela itrafikhi ecaleni kwendlela IRouter A - Router C - Router B.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-RIP, i-OSPF inzima kakhulu, ithathela ingqalelo izinto ezininzi xa kumiselwa eyona ndlela ilungileyo, nokufumana eyona ndlela imfutshane ngokwemilinganiselo yeemethrikhi.
I-EIGRP yayikhe yaba yi-Cisco proprietary routing protocol kwaye ngoku ingumgangatho ovulekileyo. Ludibaniso lwezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zeprotocol yevector yomgama kunye neprotocol yelizwe lothungelwano. Ithathela ingqalelo zombini i-bandwidth kunye nokulibaziseka kwenethiwekhi. Njengoko usazi, okukhona indlela inde, oko kukuthi, i-hops ezininzi, kokukhona ilibaziseko. Ngoko ke, i-protocol ye-EIGRP ikhetha indlela enobuninzi bokugqithisa kunye nokulibaziseka okuncinci kukonke ngokuthelekisa iimethrikhi zendlela. I-output ebonisiweyo kunye ne-latency yinxalenye yefomula esekwe apho isigqibo sokuhamba senziwe.
Lo ngumahluko phakathi kweVector yeMgama kunye ne-Link State protocol. Iiprothokholi zeVector yomgama ziqwalasela kuphela umgama wendlela, ngelixa iiprothokholi zeLink State ziqwalasela imeko yothungelwano ecaleni kwendlela yendlela, njengesantya kunye nokuphuma.
I-EIGRP yinkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo exubeneyo njengoko idibanisa iimpawu zazo zombini ezi nkqubo zingasentla. Ukusuka kwimbono kaCisco, le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo, ngoko ke ikhethwa ngabo bonke iinjineli zenkampani, kodwa iprotocol eqhelekileyo kwihlabathi yi-OSPF. Isizathu kukuba i-EIGRP isandul 'ukuba ngumgangatho ovulekileyo, ngoko ke abathengisi beqela lesithathu abaqinisekanga ngokuhambelana kwayo nezixhobo zabo zenethiwekhi.
Cinga ukuba yintoni iqondo lokuthembela kwiprotocol. Xa i-router A ifumana ulwazi lomzila kwimithombo ye-2 eyahlukeneyo, isebenzisa ifomyula yokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi yeendlela ezimbini zokubeka kwitafile yomzila. Kulula kuba ujonga iiparamitha zendlela i-B-A kunye ne-AC-B, uyazithelekisa kwaye wenza esona sigqibo silungileyo. Kakade ke, i-OSPF iphinda ilayishe ibhalansi, oko kukuthi, ukuba iindlela ezimbini zineendleko ezifanayo, ngoko zenza ukulinganisa umthwalo. Siza kuqwalasela lo mbandela ngokweenkcukacha kwiividiyo ezilandelayo, kodwa namhlanje ndifuna nje ukuba wazi ngayo.
Makhe sijonge kule theyibhile ilandelayo. Ngezantsi ndiza kuphinda ndizobe ii-routers A, B kunye no-C, ezenza inkqubo yenethiwekhi yokuzimela kwinkampani yakho. Masithi inkampani yakho ifumene enye inkampani enenkqubo ene-routers A1, B1, kunye neC1. Ke, ngoku uneenkampani ezimbini, nganye inenethiwekhi yayo. Masithi eyokuqala isebenzisa iprotocol ye-EIGRP, kwaye eyesibini isebenzisa i-OSPF.
Ewe, ungaphinda uqwalasele inethiwekhi yakho ukuze usebenzise i-OSPF, okanye utshintshe inethiwekhi yenkampani yakho efunyenweyo kwi-EIGRP, kodwa liqela lonke lomsebenzi wolawulo. Kwinkampani encinci, oku kusenokwenziwa, kodwa ukuba inkampani inkulu, lo ngumsebenzi omkhulu. Kule meko, unako ukusabalalisa kwakhona, oko kukuthi, ukuthatha iindlela ze-EIGRP kwaye usasaze phezu kwe-OSPF, kwaye uphinde usasaze iindlela ze-OSPF kwi-EIGRP. Inokwenzeka ngokwenene. Ukwenza oku, enye yee-router zenkampani yakho kufuneka isebenze kwiiprotokholi ezimbini - i-EIGRP kunye ne-OSPF, cinga ukuba iya kuba yi-router B. Iya kuqulatha itafile yomzila, apho ezinye iindlela zifunyenwe kwi-EIGRP, kwaye ezinye zivela kwi-OSPF. Masithi sinenye inethiwekhi apho zombini iinkampani ziqhagamshelwe kuyo. Kule meko, inkampani yokuqala iya kusebenzisa iindlela zetafile ye-EIGRP ukunxibelelana nayo, kwaye okwesibini iya kusebenzisa iindlela ezivela kwi-protocol ye-OSPF, kwaye kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthelekisa le mizila efunyenwe kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ngenxa yokuba nganye yeendlela ze-OSPF. bona bakhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo ngokweemetrics zabo.
Kule meko, ingcamango yoMgama woLawulo, okanye umgama wolawulo, usetyenziswa. Inceda i-router ukuba ikhethe eyona ndlela ilungileyo kwiindlela ezininzi ezifunyenwe kwiiprothokholi zendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-router B ixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-router C, ngoko umgama wolawulo uya kuba ngu-0, eyona ndlela ithembekileyo. Masithi u-A wazisa u-B ukuba naye unokufikelela ku-C, apho umzila B uya kumphendula: "enkosi ngolwazi lwakho, kodwa i-router C iqhagamshelwe kum ngokuthe ngqo, ngoko ke ndikhetha ukhetho kunye nomgama omncinci wolawulo, kwaye kungekhona inketho yokunxibelelana ngawe".
Umgama wolawulo ubonisa iqondo lokuzithemba kwiprotocol. Okukhona umncinci umgama wolawulo, kokukhona intembeko inkulu. Inketho elandelayo ethembekileyo emva koxhulumaniso oluthe ngqo lunxibelelwano lwe-static kunye nomgama wolawulo we-1. Inqanaba lokuthembela kwi-EIGRP yi-90, i-OSPF 110, kunye ne-RIP 120.
Ngoko ke, ukuba i-EIGRP kunye ne-OSPF zombini imele inethiwekhi efanayo, i-router iya kuthemba ulwazi lomzila olufunyenwe kwi-EIGRP, kuba le protocol inomgama wolawulo we-90, ongaphantsi kwe-OSPF.
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