Nabani na othe wahlanganisa, wathenga, okanye ubuncinci waseka umamkeli wonomathotholo uye weva amagama anje: ubuntununtunu kunye nokukhetha (ukhetho).
Uvakalelo - le parameter ibonisa ukuba umamkeli wakho angafumana njani isignali nakwezona ndawo zikude.
Kwaye ukukhetha, ngokulandelayo, kubonisa ukuba umamkeli angakwazi njani ukucula kwifrikhwensi ethile ngaphandle kokuphenjelelwa zezinye iifrikhwensi. Ezi "zinye iifrikhwensi", oko kukuthi, ezo zingahambelani nokuhanjiswa komqondiso kwisikhululo somsakazo esikhethiweyo, kulo mzekelo udlala indima yokuphazamiseka kwerediyo.
Ngokwandisa amandla okuhambisa, sinyanzela abamkeli abanovakalelo oluphantsi ukuba bafumane umqondiso wethu ngazo zonke iindleko. Indima ebalulekileyo idlalwe yimpembelelo efanayo yemiqondiso evela kwizikhululo zonomathotholo ezahlukeneyo komnye nomnye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuseta, ukunciphisa umgangatho wonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo.
I-Wi-Fi isebenzisa umoya werediyo njengendlela yokusasaza idatha. Ke ngoko, izinto ezininzi iinjineli zikanomathotholo kunye neengcali zikanomathotholo zangaphambili kunye nenkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe zisasebenza nanamhlanje.
Kodwa kukho into etshintshileyo. Ukutshintsha I-analog Usasazo lwedijithali lweza kwifomathi, eyakhokelela kutshintsho kubume bomqondiso ogqithisiweyo.
Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo yezinto eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kweenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo ze-Wi-Fi ngaphakathi kwemigangatho ye-IEEE 802.11b/g/n.
Ezinye ii-nuances zenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi
Kusasazo lukanomathotholo olusemoyeni kude neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi, xa ufumana kumamkeli wakho kuphela umqondiso wesikhululo sikanomathotholo se-FM kunye ne "Mayak" kuluhlu lweVHF, umba wempembelelo efanayo awuveli.
Enye into zixhobo ze-Wi-Fi ezisebenza kuphela kwiibhendi ezimbini ezilinganiselwe: 2,4 kunye ne-5 GHz. Apha ngezantsi kukho iingxaki ezininzi ofanele ukuba, ukuba awuzoyisi, wazi indlela yokujikeleza.
Ingxaki enye - imigangatho eyahlukeneyo isebenza ngemigangatho eyahlukeneyo.
Kuluhlu lwe-2.4 GHz, izixhobo ezixhasa umgangatho we-802.11b / g zisebenza, kunye neenethiwekhi ze-802.11n; kuluhlu lwe-5 GHz, izixhobo ezisebenza kwi-802.11a kunye ne-802.11n imigangatho isebenza.
Njengoko ubona, kuphela izixhobo ze-802.11n ezinokusebenza kuzo zombini iibhendi ze-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5 GHz. Kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka sixhase usasazo kuwo omabini amaqela, okanye samkele into yokuba abanye abathengi abayi kukwazi ukuqhagamshela kuthungelwano lwethu.
Ingxaki yesibini β Izixhobo zeWi-Fi ezisebenza kowona luhlu lukufutshane zinokusebenzisa uluhlu lwamaza ohlobo olufanayo.
Kwizixhobo ezisebenza kwibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2,4 GHz, iitshaneli ezili-13 ezingenazingcingo ezinobubanzi obungama-20 MHz kumgangatho we-802.11b/g/n okanye 40 MHz kumgangatho we-802.11n ngezithuba ze-5 MHz ziyafumaneka kwaye zamkelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe eRashiya.
Ngoko ke, nasiphi na isixhobo esingenazingcingo (umxhasi okanye indawo yofikelelo) sidala ukuphazamiseka kumajelo akufutshane. Enye into kukuba amandla okuhambisa isixhobo somthengi, umzekelo, i-smartphone, iphantsi kakhulu kuneyona ndawo iqhelekileyo yokufikelela. Ngoko ke, kulo lonke inqaku siza kuthetha kuphela ngempembelelo efanayo yamanqaku okufikelela komnye nomnye.
Ishaneli ethandwa kakhulu, enikezelwa kubathengi ngokungagqibekanga, ngu-6. Kodwa musa ukuzikhohlisa ukuba ngokukhetha inombolo ekufutshane, siya kulahla impembelelo ye-parasitic. Indawo yokufikelela esebenza kwitshaneli yesi-6 ivelisa ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kumajelo 5 kunye ne-7 kunye nokuphazamiseka okubuthathaka kumajelo 4 kunye ne-8. Njengoko izikhewu phakathi kwamajelo zikhula, impembelelo yabo efanayo iyancipha. Ke ngoko, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okuhambelanayo, kunqweneleka kakhulu ukuba ii-frequencies zabo zokuthwala zihlukaniswe ngama-25 MHz ngaphandle (izihlandlo ezi-5 zesiteshi).
Ingxaki kukuba kuzo zonke iitshaneli ezinempembelelo encinci komnye nomnye, zi-3 kuphela iziteshi ezikhoyo: ezi zi-1, 6 kunye ne-11.
Kuya kufuneka sijonge indlela ethile yokujikeleza izithintelo ezikhoyo. Ngokomzekelo, impembelelo efanayo yezixhobo inokuhlawulwa ngokunciphisa amandla.
Malunga neenzuzo zokumodareyitha kuyo yonke into
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuncitshiswa kwamandla akusoloko kuyinto embi. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko amandla enyuka, umgangatho wokwamkelwa unokuwohloka kakhulu, kwaye oku akusiyo yonke into "yobuthathaka" bendawo yokufikelela. Ngezantsi siza kujonga iimeko apho oku kunokuba luncedo.
Ilayisha usasazo lukanomathotholo
Isiphumo sokuxinana sinokubonwa ngokwaso ngeli xesha ukhetha isixhobo osidibanisayo. Ukuba kukho izinto ezingaphezu kwezintathu okanye ezine kuluhlu lokukhetha inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, singakwazi ukuthetha malunga nokulayisha umoya werediyo. Ngaphezu koko, inethiwekhi nganye ingumthombo wokuphazamiseka kubamelwane bayo. Kwaye ukuphazamiseka kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kuba kwandisa kakhulu inqanaba lengxolo kwaye oku kukhokelela kwisidingo sokuthumela rhoqo iipakethi. Kule meko, isincomo esiphambili kukunciphisa amandla okuhambisa kwindawo yokufikelela, ngokufanelekileyo ukukholisa bonke abamelwane ukuba benze okufanayo ukuze bangaphazamisani.
Le meko ikhumbuza iklasi yesikolo ngexesha lesifundo xa utitshala engekho. Umfundi ngamnye uqalisa ukuthetha nommelwane wakhe wedesika nabanye afunda nabo. Kwingxolo eqhelekileyo, abanakuva kakuhle omnye komnye kwaye baqalise ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo, baze bathethe kakhulu baze ekugqibeleni baqalise ukukhala. Utitshala ukhawuleza abaleke angene eklasini, athathe amanyathelo oluleko, ize imeko yesiqhelo ibuyiselwe. Ukuba sicinga umlawuli womnatha kwindima yomfundisi-ntsapho, kunye nabanikazi beendawo zokufikelela kwindima yabantwana besikolo, siya kufumana ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo.
Uqhagamshelo lwe-asymmetric
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, amandla okuhambisa indawo yokufikelela aqhele ukuba namandla ngamaxesha angama-2-3 kunezixhobo eziphathwayo zabaxumi: iitafile, ii-smartphones, iilaptops, njalo njalo. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba "iindawo ezimpunga" ziya kubonakala, apho umxhasi uya kufumana uphawu oluzinzile olulungileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokufikelela, kodwa ukuhanjiswa kumxhasi ukuya kwinqanaba akuyi kusebenza kakuhle. Olu qhagamshelwano lubizwa ngokuba yi-asymmetric.
Ukugcina unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo kunye nomgangatho olungileyo, kunqweneleka kakhulu ukuba kukho unxibelelwano olulinganayo phakathi kwesixhobo somthengi kunye nendawo yokufikelela, xa ulwamkelo kunye nokuhanjiswa kumacala omabini kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Umzobo 1. Uxhumo lwe-asymmetric usebenzisa umzekelo weplani yendlu.
Ukuthintela ukudityaniswa kwe-asymmetric, kuya kufuneka uphephe ngokukhawuleza ukwandisa amandla okuhambisa.
Xa kufuneka amandla amaninzi
Izinto ezidweliswe ngezantsi zifuna amandla awongeziweyo ukugcina uxhulumaniso oluzinzile.
Uphazamiseko oluvela kwezinye iindidi zezixhobo zonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo kunye nezinye izinto zombane
Izixhobo zeBluetooth, ezinjengee-headphones, ii-keyboards ezingenazingcingo kunye neempuku, ezisebenza kudederhu lwe-2.4 GHz kwaye ziphazamisana nokusebenza kwendawo yofikelelo kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi.
Ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zinokuba nempembelelo embi kumgangatho wophawu:
- ii-oven microwave;
- iimonitha zabantwana;
- Iimonitha zeCRT, izithethi ezingenazingcingo, iifowuni ezingenazintambo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezingenazingcingo;
- imithombo yangaphandle yamandla ombane, njengeentambo zombane kunye nezitishi zombane,
- iinjini zombane;
- iintambo ezinesikhuseli esingonelanga, kunye nentambo ye-coaxial kunye nezihlanganisi ezisetyenziswa nezinye iindidi zezitya zesathelayithi.
Imigama emide phakathi kwezixhobo zeWi-Fi
Nasiphi na isixhobo sikanomathotholo sinoluhlu olulinganiselweyo. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zoyilo lwesixhobo esingenazingcingo, uluhlu oluphezulu lunokuncitshiswa zizinto zangaphandle ezinjengemiqobo, uphazamiseko lwerediyo, njalo njalo.
Konke oku kukhokelela ekubunjweni kwendawo "imimandla engenakufikeleleka", apho isignali evela kwindawo yokufikelela "ayifikeleli" kwisixhobo somthengi.
Imiqobo kumqondiso wokudlula
Imiqobo eyahlukeneyo (iindonga, iisilingi, ifenitshala, iingcango zetsimbi, njl.njl.) ezibekwe phakathi kwezixhobo ze-Wi-Fi zinokubonakalisa okanye zifunxe iimpawu zerediyo, ezikhokelela ekuwohlokeni okanye ekulahlekeni ngokupheleleyo konxibelelwano.
Izinto ezilula nezicacileyo njengeendonga zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo, isigqubuthelo sentsimbi, isakhelo sentsimbi, kunye nezipili kunye neglasi enemibala eqaqambileyo inciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani bomqondiso.
Inqaku elithandekayo: Umzimba womntu unciphisa umqondiso malunga ne-3 dB.
Apha ngezantsi kukho itafile ye-Wi-Fi yokulahleka kokusebenza komqondiso xa udlula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi ye-2.4 GHz.
* Umgama osebenzayo - ichaza ubungakanani bokuncitshiswa koluhlu emva kokudlula umqobo ohambelanayo xa kuthelekiswa nendawo evulekileyo.
Masishwankathele iziphumo zethutyana
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, amandla omqondiso ophezulu ngokwawo awuphuculi umgangatho wonxibelelwano lwe-Wi-Fi, kodwa unokuphazamisa ukusekwa koqhagamshelwano oluhle.
Ngexesha elifanayo, kukho iimeko xa kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngamandla aphezulu okuhanjiswa okuzinzile kunye nokwamkela uphawu lomsakazo we-Wi-Fi.
Ezi ziimfuno ezinjalo eziphikisanayo.
Iimpawu eziluncedo ezivela kwiZyxel ezinokunceda
Ngokucacileyo, kufuneka usebenzise imisebenzi ethile enomdla eya kukunceda uphume kule meko iphikisanayo.
KUBALULEKILEYO! Unokufunda malunga nama-nuances amaninzi xa ukwakhiwa kweenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo, kunye nobuchule kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwezixhobo kwiikhosi ezikhethekileyo Zyxel - ZCNE. Ungafumana malunga nezifundo ezizayo .
Ukuqhuba koMxumi
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, iingxaki ezichazwe ikakhulu zichaphazela uluhlu lwe-2.4 GHz.
Abanini abonwabileyo bezixhobo zala maxesha banokusebenzisa uluhlu lwamaza e-5 GHz.
Inzuzo:
- kukho iziteshi ezininzi, ngoko ke kulula ukukhetha ezo ziya kuba nefuthe omnye komnye ubuncinane;
- ezinye izixhobo, ezifana neBluetooth, musa ukulusebenzisa olu luhlu;
- inkxaso kwiitshaneli ze-20/40/80 MHz.
Iingxaki:
- Isignali yerediyo kolu luhlu idlula kwimiqobo kancinci kakuhle. Ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kungabikho enye "i-super-punchy", kodwa iindawo ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokufikelela kunye namandla omqondiso othozamileyo kumagumbi ahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, oku kuya kunika ukhuselo ngakumbi kunokubamba umqondiso ukusuka kwenye, kodwa "super-strong" enye.
Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, njengesiqhelo, kuvela ama-nuances. Umzekelo, ezinye izixhobo, iisistim zokusebenza kunye nesoftware zisabonelela ngebhendi "yendala elungileyo" ye-2.4 GHz yoqhagamshelo ngokungagqibekanga. Oku kwenziwa ukunciphisa iingxaki zokuhambelana kunye nokwenza lula i-algorithm yoqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi. Ukuba uxhulumaniso lwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo okanye umsebenzisi akazange abe nexesha lokuqaphela le nyaniso, ithuba lokusebenzisa ibhendi ye-5 GHz iya kuhlala isecaleni.
Umsebenzi wokuLawula uMthengi, othi ngokungagqibekanga unikezela ngezixhobo zabaxhasi ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza nge-5 GHz, kuya kunceda ukutshintsha le meko. Ukuba eli bhanti alixhaswanga ngumxhasi, liya kukwazi ukusebenzisa i-2.4 GHz.
Lo msebenzi uyafumaneka:
- kwiindawo zokungena zeNebula kunye neNebulaFlex;
- kwi-NXC2500 kunye ne-NXC5500 abalawuli benethiwekhi ezingenazintambo;
- kwiifirewall ezinomsebenzi womlawuli.
UkuPhilisa ngokuzenzekela
Iingxoxo ezininzi zinikiwe ngasentla zixhasa ulawulo lwamandla olubhetyebhetye. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo osengqiqweni usasele: njani ukwenza oku?
Kule nto, abalawuli benethiwekhi ezingenazintambo zeZyxel banomsebenzi okhethekileyo: Ukuziphilisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Umlawuli uyisebenzisela ukujonga ubume kunye nokusebenza kweendawo zokufikelela. Ukuba kuvela ukuba enye yeendlela zokufikelela ayisebenzi, ke abamelwane baya kuyalelwa ukuba bandise amandla omqondiso wokuzalisa indawo yokuthula okubangelwayo. Emva kokuba indawo yokufikelela elahlekileyo ibuyele kwinkonzo, amanqaku angabamelwane ayalelwa ukuba anciphise amandla omqondiso ukuze angaphazamisi umsebenzi womnye nomnye.
Eli nqaku likwafakwe kumgca ozinikeleyo wabalawuli abangenazintambo: i-NXC2500 kunye ne-NXC5500.
Khusela umphetho womnatha ongenazingcingo
Amanqaku okufikelela kummelwane avela kuthungelwano oluhambelanayo akagcini nje ukudala ukuphazamiseka, kodwa anokusetyenziswa njengesiqalo sokuhlaselwa kwinethiwekhi.
Emva koko, umlawuli wenethiwekhi engenazingcingo kufuneka ajongane nale nto. Abalawuli be-NXC2500 kunye ne-NXC5500 banezixhobo ezaneleyo kwi-arsenal yabo, njenge-standard WPA/WPA2-Enterprise authentication, ukuphunyezwa okuhlukahlukeneyo kweProtocol yoQinisekiso lwe-Extensible (EAP), kunye ne-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ngaloo ndlela, umlawuli akafumani kuphela iindawo zokufikelela ezingagunyaziswanga, kodwa kwakhona uvala izenzo ezikrokrelayo kwinethiwekhi yenkampani, enokuthi ithwale injongo ekhohlakeleyo.
Ukufunyanwa kweRogue AP (Isiqulatho seRogue AP)
Okokuqala, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni iRogue AP.
Ii-APs ezikhohlakeleyo ziindawo zokufikelela kwamanye amazwe ezingekho phantsi kolawulo lomlawuli wenethiwekhi. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona phakathi koluhlu lwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi yeshishini. Umzekelo, ezi inokuba ziindawo zofikelelo zobuqu zabasebenzi eziplagwe kwiisokethi zenethiwekhi yeofisi yomsebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi we-amateur lunesiphumo esibi kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi.
Ngapha koko, ezo zixhobo zenza itshaneli yoqhagamshelo lomntu wesithathu kwinethiwekhi yeshishini, ngokudlula eyona nkqubo yokhuseleko.
Umzekelo, indawo yofikelelo lwangaphandle (RG) ayibekwanga ngokusesikweni kuthungelwano lweshishini, kodwa inethiwekhi engenazingcingo yenziwe kuyo enegama elifanayo le-SSID njengakwiindawo zofikelelo ezisemthethweni. Ngenxa yoko, indawo ye-RG ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela amagama ayimfihlo kunye nolunye ulwazi olubuthathaka xa abaxhasi kuthungelwano loshishino ngempazamo bezama ukudibanisa kuyo kwaye bazame ukuthumela iinkcazi zabo. Ngenxa yoko, iziqinisekiso zomsebenzisi ziya kwaziwa kumnini wenqaku elithi "phishing".
Uninzi lwamanqaku okufikelela kwi-Zyxel anomsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi wokuskena unomathotholo ukuchonga amanqaku angagunyaziswanga.
KUBALULEKILEYO! Ukufunyanwa kwamanqaku angaphandle (i-AP Detection) kuya kusebenza kuphela ukuba ubuncinane enye yala manqaku okufikelela kwi-"sentinel" alungiselelwe ukuba asebenze kwimowudi yokubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi.
Emva kwendawo yokufikelela kwiZyxel, xa isebenza kwimodi yokubeka iliso, ibona amanqaku angaphandle, inkqubo yokuthintela ingenziwa.
Masithi iRogue AP ilinganisa indawo yokufikelela esemthethweni. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, umhlaseli unokuphinda useto lwe-SSID yeshishini kwindawo engeyonyani. Indawo yokufikelela kwiZyxel iya kuthi emva koko izame ukuphazamisa umsebenzi onobungozi ngokuphazamiseka ngokusasaza iipakethi ze-dummy. Oku kuya kuthintela abathengi ukuba badibanise kwi-Rogue AP kunye nokuthintela iziqinisekiso zabo. Kwaye indawo yokufikelela "yokuhlola" ayiyi kukwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi wayo.
Njengoko ubona, impembelelo efanayo yeendawo zokufikelela ayibonisi kuphela ukuphazamiseka okucaphukisayo ekusebenzeni komnye nomnye, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela ekuhlaselweni ngabangeneleli.
isiphelo
Izinto ezikwinqaku elifutshane azisivumeli ukuba sithethe ngazo zonke ii-nuances. Kodwa nangophononongo olukhawulezayo, kuyacaca ukuba uphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi engenazingcingo kunomdla kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyimfuneko ukulwa nempembelelo efanayo yemithombo yesignali, kubandakanywa nokunciphisa amandla okufikelela kwiindawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyimfuneko ukugcina inqanaba lesignali kwizinga eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo lonxibelelwano oluzinzileyo.
Unokufumana malunga noku kuphikisana ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ekhethekileyo yabalawuli benethiwekhi ezingenazintambo.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iZyxel isebenza ukuphucula yonke into enceda ukufezekisa unxibelelwano oluphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindleko eziphezulu.
Imithombo
umthombo: www.habr.com