Faka i-Linux desktop kwi-Android

Molo, Habr! Ndinikela ingqalelo yakho inguqulelo yenqaku elivela kwimagazini ye-APC.

Eli nqaku libandakanya ukufakwa okupheleleyo kwendawo yokusebenza yeLinux kunye nemeko yedesktop yomzobo kwizixhobo ze-Android.

Enye yetekhnoloji ephambili uninzi lweenkqubo zeLinux kusetyenziso lwe-Android ingcambu. Oku kukuphunyezwa kwesithuba somsebenzisi sesixhobo sechroot, esithandwa kakhulu kwiLinux desktops kunye nabancedisi. Nangona kunjalo, isixhobo se-chroot sifuna iimvume zomsebenzisi weengcambu, ezingafumanekiyo ngokungagqibekanga kwi-Android. I-pRoot ibonelela ngolu ncedo ngokuseka ulawulo lokubophelela.

Iitheminali zeLinux

Ayizizo zonke ii-terminal emulators ze-Linux ezineseti ye-BusyBox eziluncedo, ngokungafaniyo, umzekelo, i-Termux. Isizathu soku kukuba yonke inqaku leenkqubo ezinjalo kukubonelela ngofakelo "olugcweleyo" lwazo zonke iinxalenye ze-OS, ngelixa i-BusyBox yenzelwe ukuthoba zonke izinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwifayile yokubini enye. Kwiinkqubo ezingenayo i-BusyBox efakiweyo, i-Linux bootstrap iyasetyenziswa, equlethe iinguqulelo ezipheleleyo zeenkqubo.
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Cwangcisa igama lokungena kunye negama lokugqitha kunikezelo kunye neVNC kwi-UserLand.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo ziqulethe iteknoloji eyongezelelweyo engadingi i-Termux. Eli nqaku liza kugubungela ukufakwa okupheleleyo kokuhanjiswa kweLinux, kunye ne-GUI desktop. Kodwa kuqala kufuneka ukhethe indlela yokufaka inkqubo yemizobo.

Linux kwi-Android

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iipakethe zesoftware esiza kuzifaka ziqhutywa kwindawo yomsebenzisi.

Oku kuthetha ukuba banemvume kuphela kumsebenzisi wangoku, apho kwimeko ye-Android OS isoloko ingumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo, okt. akanamalungelo omlawuli. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufake i-desktop ye-Linux, kuya kufuneka sifake iseva yemizobo efana ne-X okanye i-Wayland. Ukuba sikwenzile oku kwindawo yokusebenza yeLinux, iya kuqhuba njengomsebenzisi oqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokufikelela kuluhlu lweegraphics ze-Android OS. Kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka sijonge ekufakeni iseva ngendlela "eqhelekileyo" ye-Android, ukuze ikwazi ukufikelela kwi-hardware kunye nokukwazi ukuxhasa indawo yegraphical.

Abafana abahlakaniphileyo kuluntu lwabaphuhlisi beza nezisombululo ezibini kule ngxaki. Eyokuqala kukusebenzisa ezakho iinguqulelo ze Linux (idla ngokuba ngumncedisi we X). Emva kokuba beqale ukusebenza ngasemva, uya kuba nofikelelo kule nkqubo yangasemva ngeVNC. Ukuba sele unombukeli weVNC kwisixhobo sakho se-Android ukusebenzisana nezinye iikhompyuter ukude, sisebenzise nje ukufikelela kumamkeli wendawo ukude. Esi sisisombululo esilula, nangona kunjalo, abanye abasebenzisi baxela ukuba baneengxaki ngeprogram.

Inketho yesibini kukufaka iseva eyenzelwe ngokukodwa izixhobo ze-Android. Ezinye iiseva ziyafumaneka kwi-Play Store kwiinguqulelo ezihlawulelwayo nezisimahla. Ngaphambi kokufaka, kufuneka ujonge ukuba ukhetho olukhethiweyo luyaxhaswa, okanye ubuncinci lusebenza kunye neLinux yesoftware yesoftware ye-Android oza kuyifaka. Sikhethe inkqubo ye-X-Server, kwaye ke sasebenzisa iphakheji yesoftware ye-XServer XSDL (unxibelelwano). Eli nqaku liza kuchaza inkqubo yofako yalo mncedisi, nangona inokwahluka kancinane ukuba unesinye isicelo esifakiweyo okanye usebenzisa iVNC.

Ukukhetha inkqubo

Njengoko kunjalo nge-X-Servers, kukho izicelo ezininzi kwi-Play Store zokufakela ukuhanjiswa kweLinux. Apha, njengakwi-Termux, siya kugxila kwiinketho ezingadingi malungelo omsebenzisi aphezulu, nto leyo ebandakanya inqanaba elithile lomngcipheko. Ezi apps zibonelela ngayo yonke imisebenzi efunwa ngabasebenzisi abaninzi ngelixa ugcina idatha yakho ikhuselekile. Apha ngezantsi kukho imizekelo yezicelo ezinjalo kwi-Play Store:

- UmsebenzisiLand: Ukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Isicelo sibandakanya isethi yonikezelo oluqhelekileyo: iDebian, Ubuntu, Arch kunye neKali. Okubangela umdla kukuba, nangona kunqongophele iinketho ezisekwe kwi-RPM, i-UserLAnd ibandakanya iAlpine Linux yezixhobo ezinememori encinci.

- AnLinux: Esi sicelo siyanceda ekufakeni uluhlu olunye okanye ngaphezulu konikezelo olukhulu kwaye lunokubandakanya Ubuntu/Debian, Fedora/CentOS, openSUSE kunye neKali. Apho unokukhetha kwakhona iinketho zedesktop ezinexabiso eliphantsi: Xfce4, MATE, LXQtand LXDE. Ukuze usebenze, i-Termux kufuneka ifakwe, kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza ye-Android kufuneka ibe yi-5.0 okanye ngaphezulu.

- Andronix iyafana kakhulu neAnLinux. Inokwenzeka ukuba iyilwe ngcono kune-app yangaphambili, kodwa ixhasa ukuhanjiswa okumbalwa.

- GNURoot WheezyX: Le projekthi yaqala njengeyantlukwano yeLinux kwi-Android kwaye yaphuhliselwa iinkqubo zomthombo ovulekileyo. Njengoko igama licebisa, ijolise kunikezelo lweDebian, ngelixa u-'X' esiphelweni uthetha ukuba isicelo sijolise kwidesktop yomzobo. Kwaye ngaphandle kwento yokuba abadali bayeke ukuphuhliswa kweprojekthi ngenxa ye-UserLAnd, i-GNURoot WheezyX isafumaneka kwi-Play Store ukuba kukho umntu oyidingayo.

Ababhali beli nqaku baya kusebenzisa i-UserLand isicelo ukufaka i-desktop ye-Linux kwi-Android, kwaye kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku. Okokuqala, isicelo singumthombo ovulekileyo (nangona i-AnLinux injalo). Okwesibini, ibonelela ngokhetho olulungileyo lokusasazwa (nangona ingabandakanyi iFedora okanye iCentOS), kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufakele unikezelo ngeemfuno ezincinci zenkqubo ezingayi kuthatha indawo enkulu kwimemori ye-smartphone yakho. Kodwa inzuzo ephambili ye-UserLAnd kukuba inezixhobo zenkxaso yokufaka izicelo zomntu ngamnye endaweni yokuhanjiswa okupheleleyo. Siza kufumanisa ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini kuthi kamva. Ngoku masifake i-UserLAnd kwisixhobo sakho.

Isicelo soMsebenzi woMhlaba

Khuphela usetyenziso kuGoogle Play okanye kwiF-Droid (unxibelelwano) kwi-Android OS. Ifakela njengaso nasiphi na esinye isicelo - awudingi ukwenza nantoni na ekhethekileyo apha. Emva koko, yivule kwidrowa yesicelo.

Into yokuqala oza kuyibona kukho uluhlu lonikezelo. Ekugqibeleni ungafumana iinketho ezimbalwa zedesktop: LXDE kunye neXfce4. Ukuyisondeza yi-app yeFirefox, imidlalo embalwa, kunye nezixhobo ezimbalwa zeofisi: i-GIMP, i-Inkscape, kunye ne-LibreOffice. Le thebhu ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Applications". Yenzelwe ukuhlohla izicelo.

Nje ukuba ufake into ethile, ingeniso ehambelana nayo iya kuvela kwithebhu ethi "Session". Apha ungaqala okanye umise iseshoni yangoku, kunye nokujonga iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.

"Iinkqubo zeefayile" yithebhu yokugqibela ebonisa ufakelo olusele lugqityiwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba emva kokuba ucime nayiphi na into kwiiNkqubo zeFayile, ulwazi malunga nalo luya kucinywa kwithebhu yeSeshini, nangona kunjalo, engabonisi ngenye indlela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungenza iseshoni entsha ngokusekelwe kwindlela yangoku yefayile. Ukuqonda indlela olu budlelwane busebenza ngayo kulula kakhulu ukuba uyayibona isebenza, ngoko ke siza kuqala ngokufaka usetyenziso kwindawo yenkqubo ye-UserLAnd.


Ngaphambi kokuba ufake ikiti yokuhambisa kwi-smartphone yakho, kufuneka unike uMsebenzisiLand ukufikelela kwindawo yokugcina.

Usasazo kuMsebenzisiLand

Khetha enye yezinikezelo ezibekwe kwiscreen seApps ukuze uyifake kwisixhobo sakho. Siza kusebenzisa Ubuntu njengomzekelo. Xa ucofa i icon, ibhokisi yencoko yababini ibonakala ibuza igama lakho lomsebenzisi, igama lokugqitha, kunye negama lokugqitha leVNC. Emva koko khetha indlela oza kufikelela ngayo kunikezelo. Ukhuphelo luya kuqala, ngexesha apho umfanekiso osisiseko wonikezelo olukhethiweyo uya kusetyenziswa. Ifayile iya kukhutshwa kwi-UserLand directory.

Nje ukuba ukhuphelo lugqityiwe, buyela kwi-xterm terminal emulator. Unokukhupha umyalelo osebenzisekayo ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi na inguqulelo yeLinux oyifakileyo:

uname –a

Inyathelo elilandelayo kukufaka i-desktop usebenzisa i-Ubuntu utility command:

sudo apt install lxde

Inyathelo lokugqibela kukuqinisekisa ukuba imeko-bume yakho entsha yedesktop ilungele ukumiliselwa. Ukwenza oku kufuneka uhlele ifayile .xinitrcfile, ngoku inomgca omnye kuphela /usr/bin/twm. Kufuneka itshintshwe ibe /usr/bin/startlxde. Ngoku phuma kwiseshoni ye-XSDL (qiniseka ukuba ucofa iqhosha elithi STOP kwindawo yesaziso), ubambe iqhosha elithi "Ubuntu luhlu" kwithebhu yeeSeshini, emva koko ucofe u-"Misa iiSeshini" kwaye uqalise kwakhona iiseshoni. Emva kwemizuzwana embalwa, imeko-bume yenkqubo ye-LXDE kufuneka ivele. Unokwenza izinto ezifanayo kuyo njenge-desktop eqhelekileyo. Isenokuba ncinci kwaye icothe kancinci-kuyakufuneka ulinde ixesha elide ukucofa iqhosha kwisixhobo kunokuba ubuya kwenza ngekhibhodi kunye nemouse. Makhe sibone ngqo ukuba singayiphucula njani imeko yenkqubo yeLinux kwi-smartphone.

Isikhokelo esiKhawulezayo kuMsebenzisiLand

Ukuba uphonononga ngononophelo imixholo yedesktop, uya kufumana ulonwabo oluchanekileyo lwenguqulelo yedesktop. Ukuba usebenzisa i-UserLand kwisixhobo esinebhodi yezitshixo kunye nemouse (edityaniswe ngeBluetooth okanye ngenye indlela), uya kukufumanisa kulula ukuziqhelanisa nokusebenzisa imekobume yenkqubo yeLinux kule fomati. Ngaphandle kokuqhwala okuncinci okubangelwa yi-X-Windows cursor edibanisa kunye nekhesa yesixhobo se-Android, yonke into isebenza kakuhle.

Into yokuqala onokufuna ukuyenza kukulungelelanisa inkqubo yefonti engagqibekanga kuba iifonti zedesktop zikhulu kakhulu kwiscreen sefowuni yakho. Yiya kwimenyu ephambili, emva koko ukhethe Useto → Lungiselela inkangeleko kunye namawijethi → Iwijethi. Apha ungatshintsha ubungakanani befonti engagqibekanga ibe kolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwifowuni yakho.

Okulandelayo, unokufuna ukufaka iinkqubo zakho ozithandayo kwinkqubo yeLinux. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, imiyalelo eluncedo ayizukusebenza kule meko, ke zikhululeke ukusebenzisa isixhobo esiyimfuneko ngokwenene esifakwe kwindawo yenkqubo yomsebenzisiLand, ebizwa ASAP:

sudo apt install emacs

Ulwabiwo kwisicelo lunikezelwa ngendlela yeeseshoni. Ungaqala kwaye uwavale.

Emva kokufaka unikezelo, unokongeza imeko-bume yedesktop ngemiyalelo eqhelekileyo.

Uyakufuna kwakhona iindlela ezizezinye zoqhagamshelwano kunikezelo lwakho. Kungenxa yokuba uyifakile i-XSDL ayithethi ukuba kufuneka ihlale ifana ngalo lonke ixesha. Unokwenza enye iakhawunti kwiSeshini isithuba kwaye ukhethe iseva eyahlukileyo. Qiniseka nje ukuba uyayikhomba kwindlela yefayile efanayo. UmsebenzisiLand uya kuzama ukukhokelela kwisicelo esichanekileyo ukuseka uhlobo olutsha loqhagamshelwano: nokuba yi-XSDL, i-ConnectBot ye-SSH, okanye i-bVNC.

Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanzeliswa kosetyenziso olukukhokelela ngokuzenzekelayo kwiVenkile yePlay xa uzama ukuphinda uqhagamshele kunokucaphukisa. Ukuyeka oku, tshintsha nje umncedisi ngokufaka isicelo esikhethekileyo. Ukufakela i-SSH, khetha i-VX ConnectBot endala ethembekileyo. Ngena nje kwi-port 2022 kwindawo yakho yokusebenza ngegama lakho lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha. Ukuze uqhagamshelane nomncedisi weVNC, faka ngokulula urhwebo, kodwa kwizinto ezininzi eziphambili, i-Jump Desktop application, kwaye ucofe idilesi 127.0.0.1:5951.

Siyathemba ukuba uyalikhumbula igama lokugqitha le-VNC olisetayo xa usenza inkqubo yefayile.
Unokufikelela kwiseshoni yakho yangoku ye-UserLand usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo kwenye ikhompyuter kwinethiwekhi yakho. Kwanele ukudibanisa i-SSH kwiseshoni eqhubayo (ngohlobo loqhagamshelwano lwe-SSH, kunjalo) usebenzisa i-terminal ye-Linux, umzekelo, i-Konsole, okanye uqhagamshele kwiseshoni ye-VNC usebenzisa i-KRDC. Faka ngokulula iidilesi zasekhaya kwiscreen sekhompyuter yakho kunye needilesi ze-IP ze-Android yakho.

Idityaniswe neqela lee-aplikeshini eziphathwayo, olu seto luza kukunika indlela efanelekileyo, ephathwayo yeLinux onokuthi uqhagamshele kuyo usebenzisa nayiphi na ikhomputha ekhoyo ngoku kuwe.

umthombo: www.habr.com