Ukuvuza kwedatha eUkraine. Ukungqinelana nomthetho we-EU

Ihlazo lokuvuza kwedatha yelayisensi yokuqhuba ngeTelegram bot yaduma kulo lonke elaseUkraine. Ukukrokra ekuqaleni kwawela kwisicelo seenkonzo zikarhulumente "i-DIYA", kodwa ukubandakanyeka kwesicelo kwesi siganeko kwanqatshwa ngokukhawuleza. Imibuzo evela kuthotho "ngubani ovuzayo idatha kwaye njani" iya kuphathiswa urhulumente omelwe ngamapolisa aseUkraine, i-SBU kunye neengcali zekhompyuter kunye nezobugcisa, kodwa umba wokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yethu ekukhuseleni idatha yobuqu kunye neenyani ixesha ledijithali laqwalaselwa ngumbhali woshicilelo, Vyacheslav Ustimenko, umcebisi kwinkampani yomthetho Icon Partners.

I-Ukraine izama ukujoyina i-EU, kwaye oku kuthetha ukwamkelwa kwemigangatho yaseYurophu yokukhusela idatha yomntu.

Masilinganise imeko kwaye sicinge ukuba umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ovela kwi-EU uvuze isixa esifanayo sedatha yelayisensi yokuqhuba kwaye le nyaniso imiselwe zii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Kwi-EU, ngokungafaniyo ne-Ukraine, kukho umgaqo wokukhusela idatha yomntu - i-GDPR.

Ukuvuza kubonisa ukunyhashwa kwemigaqo echazwe apha:

• Inqaku le-25 GDPR Ukukhuselwa kwedatha yomntu ngokuyila nangokungagqibekanga;
• Inqaku le-32 GDPR. Ukhuseleko lokuqhubekeka;
• Inqaku le-5 igatya 1.f GDPR. Umgaqo wemfezeko kunye nemfihlo.

Kwi-EU, iintlawulo zokuphulwa kwe-GDPR zibalwa ngabanye, ekusebenzeni baya kuhlawuliswa i-200,000 + euro.

Yintoni ekufuneka itshintshwe eUkraine

Umkhuba ofunyenwe kwinkqubo yokuxhasa i-IT kunye namashishini e-intanethi zombini e-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe abonise iingxaki kunye nempumelelo ye-GDPR.

Apha ngezantsi kukho utshintsho ezintandathu ekufuneka zingeniswe kumthetho Ukrainian.

#Lungelelanisa isakhelo somthetho kwixesha ledijithali

Ukususela ekusayinwe kweSivumelwano soMbutho kunye ne-EU, i-Ukraine iye yaphuhlisa umthetho omtsha wokukhusela idatha, kwaye i-GDPR ibe sisikhanyiso esikhokelayo.

Ukuwisa umthetho wokukhusela idatha yomntu kwakungekho lula. Kubonakala ngathi kukho "i-skeleton" ngendlela yolawulo lwe-GDPR kwaye ufuna nje ukwakha "inyama" (ukulungelelanisa imimiselo), kodwa imiba emininzi ephikisanayo ivela, zombini kwimbono yokusebenza kunye nomthetho. .

Umzekelo:

• iya kuvula idatha ithathwa njengeyomntu,
• ingaba umthetho usebenza kwii-arhente zogcino-mthetho,
• yintoni uxanduva lokuphulwa komthetho, ngaba inani leentlawulo liya kuqhathaniswa neYurophu, njl.

Inqaku eliphambili kukuba umthetho kufuneka ulungelelaniswe kwaye ungakopishwa kwi-GDPR. Kusekho iingxaki ezininzi ezingasonjululwanga e-Ukraine ezingaqhelekanga kumazwe e-EU.

#Manyanisa isigama

Qinisekisa ukuba yintoni idatha yobuqu kunye nolwazi oluyimfihlo. Umgaqo-siseko wase-Ukraine, iSiqendu 32, uvimbela ukuqhutyelwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo. Inkcazelo yolwazi oluyimfihlo iqulathwe ubuncinane kwiMithetho engamashumi amabini.

Iingcaphuno ezisuka kumthombo woqobo ngesiUkraine apha

• ulwazi malunga nobuzwe, imfundo, inkcubeko yosapho, utshintsho lwezenkolo, ubume bezempilo, iidilesi, umhla kunye nendawo yokuzalwa (Icandelo 2 leSiqendu 11 soMthetho waseUkraine "KwiNkcukacha");
• ulwazi malunga nendawo yokuhlala (Icandelo lesi-8 leSiqendu sesi-6 soMthetho wase-Ukraine "Kwinkululeko yokudluliselwa kunye nokukhetha ngokukhululekileyo kokuhlala e-Ukraine");
• ulwazi malunga nezinto ezikhethekileyo zobomi boluntu, olufunyenwe kwinkohlakalo yoluntu (Inqaku le-10 loMthetho wase-Ukraine "Ngokuxhatshazwa koluntu");
• idatha ephambili isusiwe kwinkqubo yokuqhuba uBalo lwabantu (iSiqendu 16 soMthetho waseUkraine "Kubalo lwaBantu baseUkraine bonke");
• iingxelo ezingeniswe ngumfaki-sicelo ukuba aqatshelwe njengembacu okanye ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo, oluya kufuna ukukhuselwa okongeziweyo (Icandelo le-10, iSiqendu sesi-7 soMthetho wase-Ukraine "Kubabaleki kunye nokukhusela okukhethekileyo, okuya kufuna ukukhuselwa okongeziweyo okanye ngexesha elifanelekileyo");
• ulwazi malunga needipozithi zomhlalaphantsi, iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi kunye nengeniso yotyalo-mali (i-surplus) eyabelwe umntu ngamnye kwi-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi womthathi-nxaxheba wengxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi, i-akhawunti yedipozithi yepension yezinto eziphathekayo ib, izivumelwano ze-inshorensi yomhlalaphantsi wangaphambi kweminyaka (Icandelo 3 leSiqendu 53 se Umthetho waseUkraine "Kwi-Inshurensi yoMhlalaphantsi engekho kaRhulumente");
• ulwazi malunga nemeko yempahla yomhlalaphantsi etyalwe kwi-akhawunti yepenshoni eqokelelweyo yomntu ofakwe kwi-inshorensi (Icandelo 1 leSiqendu 98 soMthetho wase-Ukraine "Kwi-Inshurensi yoMhlalaphantsi weLizwe loMthetho");
• ulwazi malunga nomxholo wekhontrakthi yophuhliso lophando lwezenzululwazi okanye uphando kunye noyilo kunye neerobhothi zobuchwepheshe, inkqubela yabo kunye neziphumo (Inqaku 895 le-Code Civil of Ukraine)
• Ulwazi olungasetyenziselwa ukuchonga umntu womoni omncinci okanye yintoni eyenza inyaniso yokuzibulala komntwana (Icandelo lesi-3 leSiqendu 62 soMthetho wase-Ukraine "Kwi-TV kunye noNxibelelwano lweRadio");
• Ulwazi malunga nomfi (Inqaku lesi-7 loMthetho waseUkraine "Kwinkonzo zomngcwabo");
  iinkcazo malunga nokuhlawulwa kwabasebenzi bomsebenzi (iSiqendu 31 soMthetho wase-Ukraine "Kwintlawulo yoMsebenzi" Iingxelo malunga nentlawulo yomsebenzi zikhutshwa kuphela kwiimeko zomthetho, kodwa nangengqiqo yomsebenzi);
• izicelo kunye nezixhobo zokukhutshwa kwamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza (Inqaku le-19 loMthetho wase-Ukraine "KuKhuseleko lwamaLungelo kwiiMveliso kunye neeModeli");
• ulwazi olunokufumaneka kwimibhalo yezigqibo zenkundla kwaye lwenza kube lula ukuchonga umntu wenyama, kuquka: amagama (amagama, ngokwesiteketiso sikaBawo) abantu benyama; indawo yokuhlala okanye umsebenzi owenziwayo kwiidilesi ezichongiweyo, iinombolo zomnxeba kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, iidilesi ze-imeyile, iinombolo zesazisi (iikhowudi); iinombolo zobhaliso lwezithuthi zothutho (iSiqendu 7 soMthetho waseUkraine "Ekufikeleleni kwizigqibo zeenqanawa").
• idatha malunga nomntu othathwe phantsi kokhuseleko kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho (Inqaku le-15 loMthetho wase-Ukraine "Ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho");
• izixhobo zokusetyenziswa komntu womzimba okanye osemthethweni wokubhaliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeRoslin, iziphumo zoviwo lweentlobo zeRoslin (Inqaku lama-23 loMthetho wase-Ukraine "Ngokukhuselwa kwamalungelo kwiintlobo zeRoslin");
• idatha malunga negqwetha enkundleni okanye kwi-arhente yonyanzeliso lomthetho, ethathwe phantsi kokhuseleko (Inqaku le-10 loMthetho wase-Ukraine "Ngokhuseleko oluzimeleyo lwamapolisa enkundleni kunye nee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho");
• iseti yeerekhodi ezimalunga nabantu abahlelwe bubundlobongela (idatha yobuqu) ebekwe kwiRejista, kunye nolwazi olunokufikelela okwabelwanayo. (Icandelo 10, iSiqendu 16 soMthetho waseUkraine "KuThintelo noThintelo loBundlobongela baseKhaya");
• Ulwazi malunga nokugcinwa kwemfihlo kweempahla ezihamba ngentambo yomkhosi waseUkraine (Icandelo 1 leSiqendu 263 seKhowudi yaseMilitary yaseUkraine);
• Ulwazi olufanele lufakwe kwisicelo sokubhaliswa kwelizwe kwiimveliso zonyango kunye nezongezelelo kubo (icandelo lesi-8 lenqaku le-9 loMthetho wase-Ukraine "Kwimveliso zonyango");

# Suka kwiingqikelelo zovavanyo

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi zokuvavanya kwi-GDPR. Iingqikelelo zoqingqo-maxabiso kwilizwe elingenamthetho wangaphambili (othetha iUkraine) ziyindawo enkulu “yokuphepha uxanduva” kunokuba luncedo kubemi kunye nelizwe liphela.

#Yazisa ingqikelelo yeDPO

Igosa lokukhusela idatha (DPO) yingcali yokukhusela idatha ezimeleyo. Umthetho kufuneka ngokucacileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweengcamango zokuvavanya ulawule imfuno yokuqeshwa okunyanzelekileyo kwengcali kwisikhundla se-DPO. Bayenza njani kwiManyano yaseYurophu ibhalwe apha.

#Misela inqanaba loxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho kwicandelo ledatha yomntu, ukwahlula izohlwayo ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani (inzuzo) yenkampani.

• 34 amawaka hryvnia

  Akukabikho nkcubeko yokhuseleko lwedatha yomntu eUkraine; Umthetho okhoyo ngoku "kuKhuseleko lweDatha yoBuqu" uthi "ulwaphulo lubandakanya uxanduva olusekwe ngumthetho." Intlawulo phantsi kweKhowudi yoLawulo yokufikelela ngokungekho mthethweni kwidatha yomntu kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo ezifundo ukuya kwi-UAH 34,000.

• I-20 yezigidi zee-euro

  Intlawulo yokwaphula i-GDPR iyona inkulu kwihlabathi - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20,000,000 euros, okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4% yemali eyonke yonyaka yenkampani kunyaka-mali odlulileyo. UGoogle ufumene isohlwayo sakhe sokuqala se-50 yezigidi zeeyuro ngokwaphulwa kwedatha yabucala ebandakanya abemi baseFrance.

• I-114 yezigidi zee-euro

  I-GDPR igubha iminyaka eyi-2 ngoMeyi kwaye iqokelele i-114 yezigidi ze-euro kwiintlawulo. Abalawuli bahlala bejolise kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezinezigidi zedatha yabasebenzisi.

  Ikhonkco lehotele iMarriott International kunye neBritish Airways zijongene nezohlwayo zezigidi zeedola kulo nyaka ngokophulwa kwedatha ekulindeleke ukuba yoyise uGoogle ngezona zohlwayo ziphezulu. Abalawuli base-UK balumkise ukuba baceba ukubohlwaya malunga ne-366 yezigidi zeedola.

  Izohlwayo ezinooziro ezintandathu zikhutshelwa iinkampani zehlabathi esizisebenzisa yonke imihla iinkonzo zazo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba iinkampani ezincinci, ezingaqhelekanga azikho phantsi kwezohlwayo.

  Inkampani yeposi yase-Austrian ifumene isohlwayo se-18 yezigidi zeeyuro ngokudala kunye nokuthengisa iiprofayili zabantu abazizigidi ezi-3 eziqulethe ulwazi malunga needilesi, izinto ozikhethayo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko.

  Inkonzo yokuhlawula eLithuania ayizange icime idatha yobuqu yabathengi xa kwakungasekho mfuneko yokucubungula kwaye ifumene isohlwayo se-61,000 euro.

  Umbutho ongenzi nzuzo eBelgium uthumele intengiso ye-imeyile ngokuthe ngqo nasemva kokuba abamkeli bephumile kwaye bafumene isohlwayo se-€1000.

  I-euro ye-1000 ayinanto xa kuthelekiswa nomonakalo kwigama.

#Ulonwabo alukho kwisohlwayo

"Nabani na ofuna ukwazi ulwazi malunga nam uya kufumanisa, nangona umthetho" - oku abantu abaninzi bathi eUkraine nakumazwe CIS, ngelishwa.

Kodwa abantu abancinci nabambalwa bakholelwa ingcamango ephosakeleyo malunga "baza kuba ifoto yepaspoti kwaye bathathe imali mboleko egameni lam," kuba nangona i-original yepasipoti yomnye umntu ezandleni zakho akunakwenzeka ngokusemthethweni ukwenza oku.

Abantu bohlulwe babe ziinkampu ezi-2:

• "I-paranoids" abakholelwa kwinkolo yedatha yomntu bacinga ngaphambi kokujonga ibhokisi kunye nokuvuma ukusetyenzwa kwedatha.
• "abo bangabakhathaleli", okanye abantu abakhupha idatha yabo yobuqu kwinethiwekhi, musa ukucinga ngemiphumo. Kwaye ke amakhadi abo okuthenga ngetyala ayabiwa, babhalisela iintlawulo eziphindaphindiweyo, ii-akhawunti zabo zezithunywa ziyabiwa, ii-imeyile zabo zigqekeziwe, okanye i-cryptocurrency ihoxisiwe kwi-wallet yabo.

Inkululeko kunye nedemokhrasi

Ukukhuselwa kwedatha yomntu malunga nenkululeko yokuzikhethela komntu, inkcubeko yoluntu kunye nentando yesininzi. Kulula ukulawula uluntu ngedatha eninzi; kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela ukhetho lomntu kwaye umtyhale kwisenzo esinqwenelekayo. Kunzima ukuba umntu enze njengoko afuna ukuba ujongwe, umntu uyakhululeka, kwaye ngenxa yoko, elawulwa, oko kukuthi, umntu ngokungaziqondi akenzi njengoko afuna, kodwa njengoko wayeqinisekile ukuba enze.

I-GDPR ayifezekanga, kodwa izalisekisa ingcamango ephambili kunye nenjongo kwi-EU - abantu baseYurophu baye baqaphela ukuba umntu ozimeleyo ungumnikazi kwaye ulawula idatha yakhe.

I-Ukraine kuphela ekuqaleni kohambo lwayo, umhlaba uyalungiswa. Kurhulumente, abahlali baya kufumana isicatshulwa esitsha somthetho, eyona nto inokuba liqumrhu elilawulayo elizimeleyo, kodwa abantu base-Ukraine ngokwabo kufuneka beze kumaxabiso anamhlanje aseYurophu kunye nokuqonda ukuba idemokhrasi ngo-2020 kufuneka ibekho kwindawo yedijithali.

PS Ndibhala kumakhasi onxibelelwano. uthungelwano malunga nomthetho kunye neshishini le-IT. Ndiya konwaba ukuba ubhalisele kwenye yeeakhawunti zam. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuya kongeza inkuthazo yokuphuhlisa iprofayile yakho kunye nokusebenza kumxholo.

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Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. Ngena, ndiyacela.

Bhala malunga nomthetho weRussian Federation kwidatha yomntu?

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