Imisebenzi yeenkqubo zanamhlanje zokucupha kudala idlulele ngaphaya kokurekhodwa kwevidiyo ngolo hlobo. Ukumisela intshukumo kwindawo enomdla, ukubala kunye nokuchonga abantu kunye nezithuthi, ukulandelela into kwitrafikhi - namhlanje nokuba ayizizo iikhamera ze-IP ezibiza kakhulu ziyakwazi konke oku. Ukuba uneseva enemveliso eyaneleyo kunye nesoftware eyimfuneko, amathuba eziseko zokhuseleko aphantse angabinamida. Kodwa ngaxa lithile ezo nkqubo zazingakwazi nokurekhoda ividiyo.
Ukusuka kwi-pantelegraph ukuya kwiTV yoomatshini
Iinzame zokuqala zokusasaza imifanekiso kumgama zenziwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-1862. Ngomnyaka we-XNUMX, i-abbot ye-Florentine u-Giovanni Caselli yenza isixhobo esikwaziyo ukuhambisa kuphela, kodwa nokufumana imifanekiso ngeengcingo zombane - i-pantelegraph. Kodwa ukubiza le yunithi ngokuthi "iTV yoomatshini" yayiyinto nje elula: enyanisweni, umqambi wase-Italiya wenza iprototype yomatshini wefeksi.
I-Pantelegraph nguGiovanni Caselli
I-telegraph ye-electrochemical kaCaselli yasebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Umfanekiso ogqithisiweyo waqala "uguqulwa" ube yifomathi efanelekileyo, ephindwe ngokutsha nge-inki engaqhubekiyo kwi-plate ye-staniol (i-tin foil), kwaye ilungiswe ngee-clamps kwi-substrate yethusi egobileyo. Inaliti yegolide isebenze njengentloko yokufunda, ukuskena umgca weshidi lesinyithi ngomgca kunye nesinyathelo se-0,5 mm. Xa inaliti yayingaphezulu kwendawo kunye ne-inki engasebenziyo, isiphaluka somhlaba savulwa kwaye i-current yanikezelwa kwiingcingo ezidibanisa i-pantelegraph yokudlulisa kumntu owamkelayo. Kwangaxeshanye, inaliti eyamkelayo yashukuma phezu kwephepha elishinyeneyo elifakwe kumxube wegelatin kunye ne potassium hexacyanoferrate. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yombane, uxhulumaniso lwaba mnyama, ngenxa yokuba umfanekiso wenziwa.
Isixhobo esinjalo sasinezinto ezininzi ezingalunganga, phakathi kwazo kufuneka kugxininiswe imveliso ephantsi, imfuno yokulungelelaniswa kwe-receiver kunye ne-transmitter, ukuchaneka kwayo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho womfanekiso wokugqibela, kunye nobukhulu bomsebenzi kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu. iindleko zokugcinwa, ngenxa yoko ubomi be-pantelegraph bube bufutshane kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo ze-Caselli ezisetyenziswe kumzila we-telegraph waseMoscow-St. ekuqaleni kuka-1.
I-bildtelegraph, eyadalwa ngo-1902 ngu-Arthur Korn ngesiseko se-photocell yokuqala eyakhiwe yi-physicist yaseRashiya u-Alexander Stoletov, yaba yinto esebenzayo ngakumbi. Esi sixhobo saduma kwihlabathi ngoMatshi 17, 1908: ngalo mhla, ngoncedo lwe-bildtelegraph, ifoto yesaphuli-mthetho yathunyelwa ukusuka kwisikhululo samapolisa eParis ukuya eLondon, enkosi apho amapolisa akwazi ukuchonga nokugcina umhlaseli. .
U-Arthur Korn kunye ne-bildtelegraph yakhe
Iyunithi enjalo ibonelele ngeenkcukacha ezilungileyo kumfanekiso wefoto kwaye yayingasafuni ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo, kodwa yayingekakulungeli ukuthumela umfanekiso ngexesha lokwenyani: kuthathe malunga nemizuzu eyi-10-15 ukwenza ifoto enye. Kodwa i-bildtelegraph ithathe iingcambu kakuhle kwisayensi ye-forensic (isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ngamapolisa ukudlulisa iifoto, imifanekiso ye-identikit kunye neminwe phakathi kwamasebe kunye namazwe), kunye nakwiintatheli zeendaba.
Ukuphumelela kwangempela kule ndawo kwenzeka kwi-1909: ngelo xesha uGeorges Rin wakwazi ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa komfanekiso kunye nesantya sokuhlaziya i-1 isakhelo ngesibini. Ekubeni izixhobo ze-telephotographic zine "sensor" emelwe yi-mosaic ye-selenium photocells, kwaye isisombululo sayo sasiyi-8 Γ 8 "pixels" kuphela, ayizange ihambe ngaphaya kweendonga zebhubhoratri. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nyaniso yokubonakala kwayo yabeka isiseko esiyimfuneko sophando olongezelelweyo kwintsimi yosasazo lwemifanekiso.
Injineli yaseSkotlani uJohn Baird iphumelele ngokwenene kweli candelo, oye wehla kwimbali njengomntu wokuqala okwazile ukuhambisa umfanekiso kumgama ngexesha langempela, yiyo loo nto ithathwa ngokuba βnguyiseβ womatshini. umabonakude (kunye nomabonakude ngokubanzi). Xa ucinga ukuba uBaird waphantse waphulukana nobomi bakhe ebudeni bovavanyo lwakhe, wafumana umothuko wombane oziivolthi ezingama-2000 XNUMX ngoxa etshintsha iseli yephotovoltaic kwikhamera awayeyidalile, esi sihloko sifaneleke ngokupheleleyo.
UJohn Baird, umyili kamabonwakude
Ukwenziwa kukaBaird kwasebenzisa idisk ekhethekileyo eyaqanjwa ligcisa laseJamani uPaul Nipkow ngowe-1884. Idiski ye-Nipkow eyenziwe nge-opaque material enenani lemingxuma enobubanzi obulinganayo, ecwangciswe kwi-spiral kwithuba elinye ukusuka embindini wediski kumgama olinganayo we-angular ukusuka komnye nomnye, yayisetyenziselwa ukuskena umfanekiso kunye nokwakheka kwawo. kwisixhobo sokwamkela.
Isixhobo sediski seNipkow
I-lens igxininise umfanekiso wesifundo kumphezulu wediski ejikelezayo. Ukukhanya, kudlula emingxunyeni, kubethe i-photocell, ngenxa yokuba umfanekiso waguqulwa waba ngumqondiso wombane. Ekubeni imingxuma yayicwangciswe ngokujikelezayo, ngamnye kubo wayesenza iskena somgca nomgca wendawo ethile yomfanekiso ogxininiswe yilensi. Ngokuchanekileyo idiski efanayo yayikhona kwisixhobo sokudlala, kodwa emva kwayo kwakukho isibane esinamandla sombane esiva ukuguquguquka ekukhanyeni, kwaye phambi kwayo kukho i-lens yokukhulisa okanye inkqubo yelensi ebonisa umfanekiso kwiskrini.
Umgaqo osebenzayo weenkqubo zikamabonakude zoomatshini
Isixhobo sikaBaird sasebenzisa idiski yeNipkow enemingxuma engama-30 (ngenxa yoko, umfanekiso owenziweyo waba nomfanekiso othe nkqo wemigca engama-30 kuphela) yaye wawukwazi ukuskena izinto ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiifreyimu ezi-5 ngomzuzwana. Uvavanyo lokuqala oluyimpumelelo lokuhambisa umfanekiso omnyama nomhlophe lwenzeka ngo-Oktobha 2, 1925: ngoko injineli yakwazi ukuhambisa okokuqala umfanekiso we-halftone we-ventriloquist's dummy ukusuka kwesinye isixhobo ukuya kwesinye.
Ngexesha lovavanyo, umthunywa ebefanele ukuhambisa imbalelwano ebalulekileyo wankqonkqoza emnyango. Ekhuthazwe yimpumelelo yakhe, uBaird wambamba ngesandla lo mfana wayedimazekile waza wamsa kwilebhu yakhe: wayezimisele ukuvavanya indlela ingqondo yakhe eyayiza kuhlangabezana ngayo nokudlulisela umfanekiso wobuso bomntu. Ke uWilliam Edward Tainton oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, ekwindawo elungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, wangena embalini njengomntu wokuqala βukungena kumabonwakude.β
Ngowe-1927, uBaird waqalisa ukusasaza umabonwakude phakathi kweLondon neGlasgow (ekumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-705) esebenzisa ucingo. Kwaye ngo-1928, i-Baird Television Development Company Ltd, eyasekwa yinjineli, yaqhuba ngempumelelo usasazo lokuqala lwehlabathi lokuwela iAtlantiki yophawu lukamabonakude phakathi kweLondon neHartsdale (eNew York). Ukubonakaliswa kwezakhono ze-30-band ye-Baird inkqubo yajika yaba yintengiso engcono kakhulu: sele sele i-1929 yamkelwa yi-BBC kwaye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiminyaka eyi-6 ezayo, de yatshintshwa izixhobo eziphambili ezisekelwe kwi-cathode ray tubes. .
I-Iconoscope - i-harbinger yexesha elitsha
Umhlaba unetyala lokubonakala kwetyhubhu ye-cathode ray kumntu wethu wangaphambili uVladimir Kozmich Zvorykin. Ngexesha leMfazwe yombango, injineli yathatha icala lentshukumo emhlophe kwaye yabaleka eYekaterinburg ukuya e-Omsk, apho yayisebenza khona kwizixhobo zezikhululo zikanomathotholo. Ngowe-1919, uZvorykin waya kuhambo lwezoshishino eNew York. Kanye ngeli xesha, umsebenzi Omsk lwenzeka (Novemba 1919), umphumo waba kukubamba isixeko Red Army ngokoqobo ngaphandle kokulwa. Ekubeni injineli yayingenayo enye indawo yokubuyela, wahlala ekufudukeni ngenkani, waba ngumqeshwa we-Westinghouse Electric (okwangoku i-CBS Corporation), eyayisele enye yeenkampani eziphambili zobunjineli bombane eUnited States, apho wayesebenza khona ngaxeshanye kuphando. intsimi yokuhanjiswa komfanekiso kumgama.
UVladimir Kozmich Zvorykin, umdali we-iconoscope
Ngo-1923, injineli yakwazi ukwenza isixhobo sokuqala sikamabonwakude, esasisekwe kwityhubhu ye-electron yokuhambisa kunye ne-mosaic photocathode. Nangona kunjalo, abasemagunyeni abatsha abazange bawuthathe ngokungathΓ sina umsebenzi wenzululwazi, ngoko ixesha elide uZvorykin kwafuneka enze uphando ngokwakhe, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Ithuba lokubuyela kumsebenzi wophando olusisigxina laziveza kuZworykin kuphela ngo-1928, xa isazinzulu sadibana nomnye umfuduki waseRashiya, uDavid Sarnov, ngelo xesha owayebambe isikhundla sikamongameli weRadio Corporation yaseMelika (RCA). Ukufumana iingcamango zomqambi zithembisa kakhulu, uSarnov wamisela uZvorykin njengentloko yelebhu ye-elektroniki yeRCA, kwaye umcimbi wehla emhlabeni.
Ngo-1929, uVladimir Kozmich wabonisa iprototype esebenzayo yetyhubhu yeTV (kinescope), kwaye ngo-1931 wagqiba umsebenzi kwisixhobo sokufumana, esibizwa ngokuba yi "iconoscope" (ukusuka kwi-eikon yesiGrike - "umfanekiso" kunye ne-skopeo - " khangela"). I-iconoscope yayiyiflask yeglasi yokucoca, ngaphakathi apho kujoliswe kuyo ekukhanyeni ukukhanya kunye nompu we-electron obekwe kwi-engile kuwo wawulungisiwe.
Umzobo weSchematic we-iconoscope
Ithagethi ye-photosensitive enomlinganiselo we-6 Γ 19 cm yayimelwe yipleyiti ecekethekileyo ye-insulator (mica), kwelinye icala apho i-microscopic (amashumi aliqela eemicrons ngobukhulu nganye) ithontsi yesilivere kwisixa esimalunga ne-1, eqatywe ngecesium, yasetyenziswa. , kunye nolunye - i-coating yesilivere eqinile, ukusuka kumphezulu apho umqondiso wokuphuma urekhodwa. Xa ithagethi yakhanyiswa phantsi kweempembelelo ze-photoelectric effect, amaconsi esilivere afumana intlawulo efanelekileyo, ubukhulu obuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhanyisa.
I-iconoscope yoqobo eboniswe kwiMyuziyam yeSizwe yeTekhnoloji yaseCzech
I-iconoscope yenza isiseko seenkqubo zokuqala zikamabonwakude we-elektroniki. Inkangeleko yayo yenza ukuba kube lula ukuphucula umgangatho womfanekiso ogqithisiweyo ngenxa yokunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo kwenani lezinto kumfanekiso kamabonakude: ukusuka kwi-300 Γ 400 pixels kwiimodeli zokuqala ukuya kwi-1000 Γ 1000 pixels kwezona ziphambili. Nangona isixhobo sasingekho ngaphandle kokungalungi okuthile, kubandakanywa ubuntununtunu obuphantsi (ukudubula okupheleleyo, ukukhanya okuncinci kwe-10 amawaka e-lux efunekayo) kunye nokuphazamiseka kwelitye elingundoqo okubangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-axis optical kunye ne-axis ye-axis ye-beam tube, ukuveliswa kweZvorykin kwaba isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yokucupha ividiyo, ngexesha lokumisela ubukhulu becala ikamva lophuhliso loshishino.
Endleleni esuka kwi "analogue" ukuya kwi "digital"
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka, ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obuthile buququzelelwa yingxabano yomkhosi, kwaye ukucupha ividiyo kule meko akukho nto. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, i-Third Reich yaqalisa uphuhliso olusebenzayo lwemijukujelwa emide yoluhlu olude. Nangona kunjalo, i-prototypes yokuqala ye "isixhobo sokuziphindezela" esidumileyo i-V-2 yayingathembekanga: iirokhethi zazihlala ziqhuma ekuqalisweni okanye zawa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhamba. Kuba iisistim zetelemetry eziphambili zazingekabikho ngokomgaqo, ekuphela kwendlela yokubona unobangela wokusilela yayikukujongwa ngokubonakalayo kwenkqubo yokuphehlelelwa, kodwa oku kwakuyingozi kakhulu.
Amalungiselelo okuqaliswa kwe-missile ye-V-2 ye-ballistic kwindawo yokuvavanya i-PeenemΓΌnde
Ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula kubaphuhlisi bemijukujelwa kwaye bangafaki ubomi babo emngciphekweni, injineli yombane yaseJamani uWalter Bruch wayila inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiCCTV (iClosed Circuit Television). Izixhobo eziyimfuneko zafakwa kwindawo yoqeqesho yasePeenemΓΌnde. Ukudalwa kwenjineli yombane yaseJamani yavumela izazinzulu ukuba zibone inkqubela phambili yovavanyo ukusuka kumgama okhuselekileyo weekhilomitha ezi-2,5, ngaphandle kokoyika ubomi babo.
Naphezu kwazo zonke iingenelo, inkqubo yokujonga ividiyo yeBruch yayine-drawback ebaluleke kakhulu: yayingenayo isixhobo sokurekhoda ividiyo, oku kuthetha ukuba umqhubi akanakushiya indawo yakhe yokusebenza okwesibini. Ubunzulu bale ngxaki bunokuvavanywa luphando olwenziwe yi-IMS Research ngexesha lethu. Ngokweziphumo zakhe, umntu ophilileyo ngokomzimba, ophumle kakuhle uya kuphoswa ukuya kwi-45% yeziganeko ezibalulekileyo emva kwemizuzu eyi-12 yokujonga, kwaye emva kwemizuzu engama-22 eli nani liya kufikelela kwi-95%. Kwaye ukuba kwintsimi yokuvavanya i-missile le nyaniso ayizange idlale indima ekhethekileyo, kuba izazinzulu azizange zifune ukuhlala phambi kwezikrini iiyure ezininzi ngexesha, ngoko ngokumalunga neenkqubo zokhuseleko, ukungabikho kokurekhoda kwevidiyo kuchaphazeleke kakhulu. ukusebenza kwazo.
Oku kwaqhubeka kwada kwangowe-1956, xa irekhoda yokuqala yevidiyo i-Ampex VR 1000, eyadalwa kwakhona ngumntu wethu wangaphambili u-Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov, wabona ukukhanya kwemini. NjengoZworykin, isazinzulu sathatha icala loMkhosi oMhlophe, emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwakhe, waqala ukufudukela eChina, apho wasebenza khona iminyaka engama-7 kwenye yeenkampani zamandla ombane eShanghai, waza wahlala ixesha elithile eFransi, emva koko e- ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1920 wafudukela eMelika ngokusisigxina kwaye wafumana ubumi baseMelika ngo-1932.
UAlexander Matveevich Ponyatov kunye nomboniso wevidiyo yokuqala yehlabathi irekhoda i-Ampex VR 1000
Kwiminyaka eyi-12 eyalandelayo, uPonyatov wakwazi ukusebenzela iinkampani ezifana neGeneral Electric, Pacific Gas kunye neDalmo-Victor Westinghouse, kodwa ngowe-1944 wagqiba ekubeni aqalise ishishini lakhe kwaye abhalise i-Ampex Electric and Manufacturing Company. Ekuqaleni, i-Ampex ekhethekileyo ekuveliseni i-high-precision drives kwiinkqubo ze-radar, kodwa emva kwemfazwe, imisebenzi yenkampani yabuyiselwa kwindawo ethembisayo - ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokurekhoda isandi samagnetic. Ukususela ngo-1947 ukuya ku-1953, inkampani kaPoniatov yavelisa iimodeli ezininzi eziphumelele kakhulu zeerekhoda zeteyipu, ezazisetyenziswa kwintsimi yobuntatheli obuchwephesha.
Ngowe-1951, uPoniatov kunye nabacebisi bakhe abakhulu bobugcisa uCharles Ginzburg, u-Weiter Selsted noMiron Stolyarov bagqiba ekubeni baqhubele phambili kwaye baphuhlise isixhobo sokurekhoda ividiyo. Ngaloo nyaka, benza i-Ampex VR 1000B iprototype, esebenzisa umgaqo wokurekhoda komgca wolwazi kunye neentloko ezijikelezayo. Olu yilo lwenza ukuba kube lula ukubonelela ngenqanaba elifunekayo lomsebenzi wokurekhoda umqondiso wethelevishini kunye nokuphindaphinda kweemegahertz ezininzi.
Inkqubo yokurekhodwa kwevidiyo enqamlezileyo
Imodeli yokuqala yokuthengisa ye-Apex VR 1000 series yakhululwa kwiminyaka emi-5 kamva. Ngexesha lokukhululwa, isixhobo sathengiswa ngama-50 amawaka eedola, eyayiyimali enkulu ngelo xesha. Ukuthelekisa: i-Chevy Corvette, ekhutshwe ngonyaka ofanayo, yanikezelwa kuphela kwi-3000 yeedola, kwaye le moto yayiyeyomzuzwana, kwinqanaba leemoto zemidlalo.
Kwakuyindleko ephezulu yezixhobo eziye zathintela ixesha elide ekuphuhlisweni kokuhlolwa kwevidiyo. Ukubonisa le nyaniso, kwanele ukuthetha ukuba ukulungiselela ukutyelela kwintsapho yasebukhosini baseThai eLondon, amapolisa afake iikhamera zevidiyo ze-2 kuphela kwiTrafalgar Square (kwaye oku kwakukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamagosa aphezulu karhulumente) , kwaye emva kwazo zonke iziganeko inkqubo yokhuseleko yachithwa.
UKumkanikazi uElizabeth II kunye neNkosana uPhilip, uDuke wase-Edinburgh badibana noKumkani uBhumibol waseThailand kunye noKumkanikazi uSirikit
Ukuvela kwemisebenzi yokwandisa, ukujika kunye nokuvula isibali-xesha kwenza ukuba kube lula ukunyusa iindleko zokwakha iinkqubo zokhuseleko ngokunciphisa inani lezixhobo ezifunekayo ukulawula ummandla, nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezinjalo kusafuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lwemali. Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo yokucupha iividiyo zedolophu eyenzelwe isixeko saseOlean (eNew York), eyaqala ukusebenza ngowe-1968, yaxabisa i-1,4 yezigidi zeerandi kubaphathi besixeko, kwaye kwathatha iminyaka emi-2 ukusasazwa kwayo, yaye oku nangona zonke iziseko zophuhliso zazikho. imelwe ziikhamera zevidiyo ezisi-8 kuphela. Kwaye ke, kwakungekho ntetho yokurekhoda kwe-clock-clock ngelo xesha: irekhoda yevidiyo yavulwa kuphela ngokomyalelo womqhubi, kuba zombini ifilimu kunye nezixhobo ngokwazo zibiza kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo 24/7. ibingaphandle kombuzo.
Yonke into yatshintsha ngokusasazwa komgangatho we-VHS, ukubonakala kwayo esikweleta injineli yaseJapan uShizuo Takano, owayesebenza kwi-JVC.
Shizuo Takano, umdali wefomati yeVHS
Ifomathi ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kokurekhoda kwe-azimuthal, esebenzisa iintloko ezimbini zevidiyo kanye. Ngamnye kubo urekhode ibala elinye likamabonwakude kwaye wayenezithuba zokusebenza ezitenxileyo kwicala le-perpendicular nge-engile efanayo ye-6 Β° kumacala achaseneyo, nto leyo eyenze ukuba kube lula ukunciphisa ukudibana phakathi kweengoma zevidiyo ezikufutshane kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu umsantsa phakathi kwabo, kwandisa ukuxinana kokurekhoda. . Iintloko zevidiyo zibekwe kwi-drum enobubanzi be-62 mm, ejikelezayo kwi-frequency ye-1500 rpm. Ukongeza kwiingoma zokurekhoda zevidiyo ezithathiweyo, iingoma ezimbini zomsindo zirekhodwa ecaleni komda ophezulu we-tape yamagnetic, ehlukaniswe yi-gap yokukhusela. Ingoma yolawulo equlathe iipulses zongqamaniso lwesakhelo ishicilelwe ecaleni komzantsi wesiphelo se tape.
Xa usebenzisa ifomathi ye-VHS, isignali yevidiyo ehlanganisiweyo yabhalwa kwikhasethi, eyenza kube lula ukufumana umjelo omnye wonxibelelwano kwaye kube lula kakhulu ukutshintsha phakathi kwezixhobo zokwamkela kunye nokuhambisa. Ukongeza, ngokungafaniyo neefomathi zeBetamax kunye ne-U-matic ezazithandwa ngaloo minyaka, ezazisebenzisa i-U-shaped magnetic tape loading mechanism ene-turntable, eyayiqhelekile kuzo zonke iinkqubo zekhasethi zangaphambili, ifomathi yeVHS yayisekelwe kumgaqo omtsha. kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-M - izikhululo zegesi.
Inkqubo ye-M-refilling magnetic film kwikhasethi yeVHS
Ukususwa kunye nokulayishwa kwe-tape magnetic kwaqhutywa kusetyenziswa iifolokhwe ezimbini zesikhokelo, nganye yazo yayine-roller ethe nkqo kunye ne-cylindrical stand ethambekele, eyamisela i-angle echanekileyo ye-tape kwi-drum yeentloko ezijikelezayo, eziqinisekisa ukuthambekela ingoma yokurekhoda ividiyo ukuya kumda wesiseko. Ii-angles zokungena kunye nokuphuma kwe-tape kwi-drum zazilingana ne-angle yokuthambekela kwendiza yokujikeleza yedramu ukuya kwisiseko somatshini, ngenxa yokuba zombini imiqulu yekhasethi yayikwindiza efanayo.
Indlela yokulayisha i-M yajika yathembeka ngakumbi kwaye yanceda ukunciphisa umthwalo womatshini kwifilimu. Ukungabikho kweqonga elijikelezayo kwenze lula ukuveliswa kwazo zombini iikhasethi ngokwazo kunye neeVCR, eziye zaba nefuthe elihle kwiindleko zazo. Kakhulu enkosi koku, i-VHS iphumelele uloyiso lwe-landslide βkwi-format war,β isenza ukuba uphononongo lwevidiyo lufikeleleke ngokwenene.
Iikhamera zevidiyo nazo azizange zime ngxi: izixhobo ezinemibhobho ye-cathode ray zatshintshwa ziimodeli ezenziwe ngesiseko sematrices eCCD. Ihlabathi lityala ukubonakala kokugqibela kuWillard Boyle kunye noGeorge Smith, owayesebenza kwi-AT & T Bell Labs kwizixhobo zokugcina idatha ye-semiconductor. Ngethuba lophando lwabo, i-physicists yafumanisa ukuba iisekethe ezidibeneyo ezizenzileyo zixhomekeke kwimpembelelo ye-photoelectric. Sele ngo-1970, uBoyle noSmith bazisa i-photodetectors yokuqala yomgca (i-CCD arrays).
Kwi-1973, i-Fairchild yaqala ukuveliswa kwe-serial ye-CCD matrices ngesisombululo se-100 Γ 100 pixels, kwaye ngo-1975, uSteve Sasson wase-Kodak wenza ikhamera yokuqala yedijithali esekelwe kwi-matrix enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa, ekubeni inkqubo yokwenza umfanekiso ithatha imizuzwana engama-23, kwaye ukurekhoda kwayo okulandelayo kwikhasethi ye-8 mm yahlala ixesha elinesiqingatha. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium ezili-16 zisetyenziswe njengomthombo wamandla wekhamera, kwaye yonke into yayilinganisa i-3,6 kg.
USteve Sasson kunye nekhamera yedijithali yokuqala ka-Kodak xa kuthelekiswa neekhamera zala maxesha
Igalelo eliphambili kuphuhliso lwemarike yekhamera yedijithali lwenziwa nguSony Corporation kwaye buqu nguKazuo Iwama, owayekhokela iSony Corporation yaseMelika ngaloo minyaka. Nguye owanyanzelisa ukutyala imali eninzi ekuphuhliseni iitshiphusi zayo zeCCD, enkosi apho sele ngo-1980 inkampani yazisa ikhamera yevidiyo ye-CCD yokuqala, i-XC-1. Emva kokufa kukaKazuo ngo-1982, ilitye lengcwaba eline-CCD matrix efakwe kuyo lafakwa engcwabeni lakhe.
UKazuo Iwama, umongameli we-Sony Corporation yaseMelika kwi-70s ye-XX inkulungwane
Kaloku, uSeptemba 1996 waphawulwa ngesiganeko esinokufaniswa ngokubaluleka nokuveliswa kwe<em>iconoscope. Kungelo xesha apho inkampani yaseSweden i-Axis Communications yazisa "ikhamera yedijithali yokuqala enezinto zeseva yewebhu" iNetEye 200.
I-Axis Neteye 200 - ikhamera yokuqala ye-IP yehlabathi
Kwangexesha lokukhululwa, iNetEye 200 ayinakubizwa ngokuba yikhamera yevidiyo ngendlela eqhelekileyo yegama. Isixhobo sasingaphantsi koogxa bayo ngokoqobo yonke imida: ukusebenza kwayo kwahluka ukusuka kwisakhelo esi-1 ngomzuzwana kwifomathi yeCIF (352 Γ 288, okanye 0,1 MP) ukuya kwisakhelo esi-1 ngemizuzwana eyi-17 kwi-4CIF (704 Γ 576, 0,4 MP), Ngaphezu koko , ukurekhoda akuzange kugcinwe kwifayile eyahlukileyo, kodwa njengokulandelelana kwemifanekiso yeJPEG. Nangona kunjalo, into ephambili ye-Axis brainchild yayingeyona isantya sokudubula okanye ukucaca kwesithombe, kodwa ubukho beprosesa yayo ye-ETRAX RISC kunye ne-10Base-T Ethernet port eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, eyenza kube lula ukudibanisa ikhamera ngqo kwi-router. okanye ikhadi lenethiwekhi yePC njengesixhobo sothungelwano esiqhelekileyo kwaye uyilawule usebenzisa usetyenziso olubandakanyiweyo lweJava. Yayilulwazi oluthe lwanyanzela abavelisi abaninzi beenkqubo zokucupha iividiyo ukuba baphinde baqwalasele iimbono zabo kwaye bamisele i-vector ngokubanzi yophuhliso lweshishini iminyaka emininzi.
Amathuba amaninzi - iindleko ezininzi
Ngaphandle kophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji, nasemva kweminyaka emininzi kangaka, icala lezemali lomba lihlala lingomnye wemiba ephambili kuyilo lweenkqubo zokucupha ividiyo. Nangona i-NTP ibe negalelo ekunciphiseni kakhulu iindleko zezixhobo, ngenxa yokuba namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa inkqubo efana naleyo ifakwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60 e-Olean ngekhulu leedola kunye neeyure ezimbalwa zokwenene. ixesha, isiseko esinjalo asisakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi zoshishino lwanamhlanje .
Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukutshintsha kwezinto eziphambili. Ukuba i-surveillance yangaphambili yevidiyo yayisetyenziselwa kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwindawo ekhuselweyo, namhlanje umqhubi oyintloko wophuhliso lweshishini (ngokwe-Transparency Market Research) kukuthengisa, apho iinkqubo ezinjalo zinceda ukuxazulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokuthengisa. Imeko eqhelekileyo imisela izinga lokuguqulwa ngokusekelwe kwinani labatyeleli kunye nenani labathengi abadlula kwiikhawunta zokuphuma. Ukuba songeza inkqubo yokuqaphela ubuso kule nto, siyidibanise nenkqubo ekhoyo yokunyaniseka, siya kukwazi ukufunda indlela yokuziphatha yabathengi ngokubhekisele kwizinto zentlalo yoluntu ukwenzela ukusekwa okulandelayo kwezibonelelo zomntu ngamnye (izaphulelo zomntu ngamnye, imithwalo ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, njl.).
Ingxaki kukuba ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo enjalo yokuhlalutya ividiyo igcwele imali ebalulekileyo kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Isikhubekiso apha kukubona umthengi ebusweni. Yinto enye ukuskena ubuso bomntu ngaphambili kwindawo yokuphuma ngexesha lokuhlawula ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano, kwaye yenye into yokwenza kwitrafikhi (kwindawo yokuthengisa), ukusuka kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo nakwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa. Apha, kuphela imodeli yobuso obuthathu-ntathu ngexesha langempela usebenzisa iikhamera ze-stereo kunye ne-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini kunokubonisa ukusebenza okwaneleyo, okuya kukhokelela ekunyuseni okungenakuphepheka kumthwalo kwisiseko sonke.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo oku, i-Western Digital iye yaphuhlisa ingcamango ye-Core to Edge yokugcina i-Syveillance, enikezela abathengi isethi ebanzi yezisombululo zanamhlanje kwiinkqubo zokurekhoda ividiyo "ukusuka kwikhamera ukuya kwiseva". Ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili, ukuthembeka, amandla kunye nokusebenza kukuvumela ukuba wakhe i-ecosystem ehambelanayo enokusombulula phantse nayiphi na ingxaki enikiweyo, kwaye yandise iindleko zokusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa kwayo.
Umgca weflegi yenkampani yethu lusapho lwe-WD Purple olukhethekileyo kwiinkqubo zokucupha ividiyo ezinamandla ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-18 terabytes.
Iidrives zePurple Series zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-XNUMX/XNUMX kwiinkqubo zokujonga ividiyo ephezulu kwaye zibandakanya inkqubela phambili yamva nje ye-Western Digital kwitekhnoloji ye-hard drive.
- Iqonga le-HelioSeal
Iimodeli ezindala zomgca weWD Purple onamandla ukusuka kwi-8 ukuya kwi-18 TB zisekelwe kwiqonga le-HelioSeal. Izindlu zezi drives zitywinwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ibhloko ye-hermetic ayigcwaliswanga ngumoya, kodwa nge-helium enqabileyo. Ukunciphisa ukuchasana kokusingqongileyo kwegesi kunye nezikhombisi ze-turbulence kwenza ukuba kube lula ukunciphisa ubukhulu beeplate zamagnetic, kunye nokufezekisa ukuxinana okukhulu kokurekhoda usebenzisa indlela ye-CMR ngenxa yokuchaneka kokuchaneka kokumiswa kwentloko (usebenzisa i-Advanced Format Technology). Ngenxa yoko, ukuphuculwa kweWD Purple kubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-75% umthamo ongaphezulu kwiirack ezifanayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokunyusa isiseko sakho. Ukongeza, ii-helium drives zisebenza ngamandla ngama-58% ngaphezulu kunee-HDD eziqhelekileyo ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufunekayo ukujikeleza kunye nokujikeleza i-spindle. Ukonga okongeziweyo kubonelelwa ngokunciphisa iindleko zokupholisa umoya: kumthwalo ofanayo, iWD Purple ipholile kuneefani zayo ngomyinge we-5Β°C.
- AllFrame AI iteknoloji
Ukuphazamiseka okuncinci ngexesha lokurekhoda kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwedatha ebalulekileyo yevidiyo, eya kwenza uhlalutyo olulandelayo lolwazi olufunyenweyo lungenakwenzeka. Ukunqanda oku, inkxaso yecandelo lokuSeta iCandelo loKusasaza elikhethiweyo le-ATA protocol yaziswa kwi-firmware yeedrive zechungechunge "ezimfusa". Phakathi kwesakhono sayo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqaqambise ukwenziwa ngcono kokusetyenziswa kwe-cache ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lemijelo yevidiyo esetyenziweyo kunye nolawulo lokubaluleka kokuphunyezwa kwemiyalelo yokufunda/yokubhala, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswa ukubakho kwezakhelo eziwisiweyo kunye nenkangeleko yemifanekiso yobugcisa. Ngapha koko, iseti entsha yee-algorithms ze-AllFrame AI yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa ii-hard drives kwiinkqubo ezenza inani elibalulekileyo lemijelo ye-isochronous: I-WD Purple drives ixhasa ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kunye neekhamera ze-64 ezinenkcazo ephezulu kwaye zilungiselelwe uhlalutyo lwevidiyo elayishwe kakhulu kunye ne-Deep. Iinkqubo zokufunda.
- Ixesha elilinganiselweyo leTekhnoloji yokuBuyisa impazamo
Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo xa usebenza kunye neeseva ezilayishwe kakhulu kukubola okuzenzekelayo koluhlu lwe-RAID olubangelwa kukugqithisa kwexesha elivumelekileyo lokulungiswa kwempazamo. I-Time limited I-Error Recovery inketho inceda ukuphepha ukuvala i-HDD ukuba ixesha lokuphuma lidlula imizuzwana ye-7: ukukhusela oku kungenzeki, i-drive iya kuthumela isignali ehambelanayo kumlawuli we-RAID, emva koko inkqubo yokulungiswa iya kumiswa de kube inkqubo ingasebenzi.
- Inkqubo yokuHlola yeDijithali yeNtshona yeDigital
Imisebenzi ephambili ekufuneka isonjululwe xa kuyilwa iinkqubo zokujonga iividiyo zonyusa ixesha lokusebenza okungenazinkathazo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukusebenzisa iphakheji yesofthiwe ye-software ye-Western Digital Device Analytics (WDDA), umlawuli ufumana ukufikelela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-parametric, idatha yokusebenza kunye neyokuxilonga kwisimo sokuqhuba, okukuvumela ukuba uchonge ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokujonga ividiyo, cwangcisa ulondolozo kwangaphambili kwaye uchonge ngokukhawuleza ii-hard drives ezifuna ukutshintshwa . Konke oku ngasentla kunceda ukwandisa kakhulu ukunyamezela kwesiphoso kwiziseko zokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okulahlekelwa idatha ebalulekileyo.
I-Western Digital iphuhlise umgca wamakhadi ememori e-WD Purple athembekileyo ngokukodwa kwiikhamera zedijithali zanamhlanje. Umthombo wokubhala kwakhona owandisiweyo kunye nokuchasana neempembelelo ezimbi zokusingqongileyo kuvumela ukuba la makhadi asetyenziselwe izixhobo zeekhamera zeCCTV zangaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye nokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yeenkqubo zokhuseleko ezizimeleyo apho amakhadi e-microSD adlala indima yezixhobo eziphambili zokugcina idatha.
Okwangoku, i-WD Purple memory card series iquka imigca emibini yemveliso: WD Purple QD102 kunye ne-WD Purple SC QD312 Ukunyamezela okugqithisileyo. Eyokuqala ibandakanya ukuguqulwa okune kwee-flash drives ukusuka kwi-32 ukuya kwi-256 GB. Xa kuthelekiswa nezisombululo zabathengi, i-WD Purple ilungelelaniswe ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zokucupha iividiyo zedijithali ngokungeniswa kwenani lophuculo olubalulekileyo:
- ukumelana nokufuma (imveliso inokumelana nokuntywiliselwa kubunzulu bemitha e-1 kumanzi amatsha okanye anetyuwa) kunye noluhlu olwandisiweyo lobushushu bokusebenza (ukusuka -25 Β°C ukuya +85 Β°C) luvumela amakhadi eWD Purple ukuba asetyenziswe ngokulinganayo ukuxhobisa zombini. izixhobo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zokurekhoda ividiyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba imozulu kunye neemeko zemozulu;
- ukukhuselwa kwimida yamagnetic ene-static kunye ne-induction ukuya kwi-5000 Gauss kunye nokuchasana nokunyakaza okunamandla kunye nokutshitshiswa ukuya kwi-500 g kuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukulahlekelwa kwedatha ebalulekileyo nokuba ikhamera yevidiyo yonakaliswe;
- isibonelelo esiqinisekisiweyo senkqubo ye-1000 / imijikelezo yokucima ikuvumela ukuba ukwandise ubomi benkonzo yamakhadi ememori amaxesha amaninzi, nakwimo yokurekhoda i-clock-clock kwaye, ngoko, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko eziphezulu zokugcina inkqubo yokhuseleko;
- umsebenzi wokubeka iliso kude unceda ukujonga ngokukhawuleza imeko yekhadi ngalinye kunye nokucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wokulondoloza, oku kuthetha ukwandisa ngakumbi ukuthembeka kweziseko zokhuseleko;
- Ukuthotyelwa kwe-UHS Speed ββββClass 3 kunye ne-Video Speed ββββClass Class 30 (yamakhadi i-128 GB okanye ngaphezulu) yenza amakhadi e-WD Purple alungele ukusetyenziswa kwiikhamera ezicacileyo, kuquka iimodeli zepanoramic.
Umgca we-WD Purple SC QD312 Ukunyamezela okugqithisileyo kubandakanya iimodeli ezintathu: 64, 128 kunye ne-256 gigabytes. Ngokungafaniyo ne-WD Purple QD102, la makhadi ememori anokumelana nomthwalo omkhulu kakhulu: ubomi babo bokusebenza yi-3000 P / E cycles, eyenza ezi flash drives zibe sisisombululo esifanelekileyo sokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhuselwe kakhulu apho ukurekhoda kwenziwa 24/7.
umthombo: www.habr.com