Kudala siqhelana nenyaniso yokuba iinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT azibandakanyeki nje ekuveliseni iimveliso kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo, kodwa zikwathatha inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni iziseko ze-Intanethi. I-DNS evela kuGoogle, ukugcinwa kwamafu kunye nokusingathwa okuvela kwiAmazon, amaziko edatha ye-Facebook kwihlabathi liphela - kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu eyadlulayo oku kwakubonakala ngathi kunqweneleka kakhulu, kodwa ngoku yinto eqhelekileyo wonke umntu.
Kwaye ke, iinkampani ezine ezinkulu ze-IT, ezimelwe yiAmazon, iGoogle, iMicrosoft kunye ne-Facebook, ziye zaya kufikelela ekubeni ziqalise ukutyala imali kungekuphela nje kumaziko edatha kunye neeseva ngokwazo, kodwa nakwiintambo zomqolo ngokwazo - oko kukuthi, bangena kwindawo leyo. ngokwesiko ibiyindawo yoxanduva lwezakhiwo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokujonga iziphumo , I-quartet ekhankanyiweyo yee-technology giants ibeka izinto zabo kungekhona nje kuthungelwano lomhlaba, kodwa kwiintambo zonxibelelwano ze-transcontinental, okt. Sonke sineentambo eziqhelekileyo ezikwinkwili.
Eyona nto imangalisayo kukuba akukho sidingo singxamisekileyo sothungelwano olutsha ngoku, kodwa iinkampani zandisa amandla azo “ekugcineni.” Ngelishwa, phantse akunakwenzeka ukufumana iinkcukacha-manani ezicacileyo malunga nokuveliswa kwetrafikhi yehlabathi enkosi kubathengisi abaninzi abasebenza ngemilinganiselo efana ne "65 yezigidi zezithuba kwi-Instagram yonke imihla" okanye "imibuzo yokukhangela kuGoogle" endaweni yeepetabytes eziselubala neziqondakalayo kwiingcali zobugcisa. . Singacinga ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba i-traffic yemihla ngemihla yi-≈2,5*10^18 bytes okanye malunga ne-2500 petabytes yedatha.
Esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni uthungelwano lwanamhlanje lomqolo kufuneka lwandise kukukhula kokuthandwa kwenkonzo yokusasaza yeNetflix kunye nokukhula okufanayo kwecandelo leselula. Ngomkhwa oqhelekileyo wokunyusa icandelo lokubonwayo lomxholo wevidiyo ngokwesisombululo kunye ne-bitrate, kunye nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwetrafikhi ephathwayo ngumsebenzisi ngamnye (ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokwehla ngokubanzi kokuthengiswa kwezixhobo eziphathwayo kwihlabathi liphela), umqolo Iinethiwekhi azinakubizwa ngokuba zigcwele kakhulu.
Masityhile ku :
Kunzima ngokubonakalayo ukubona ukuba zingaphi iindlela ezintsha ezibekiweyo, kwaye inkonzo ngokwayo ihlaziywa phantse yonke imihla, ngaphandle kokubonelela ngembali ecacileyo yotshintsho okanye naziphi na iinkcukacha-manani ezidityanisiweyo. Ngoko ke, makhe sibhenele kwimithombo emidala. Ngokutsho kolwazi sele , umthamo wothungelwano olukhoyo lwe-intercontinental backbone network ngo-2014 lwalumalunga ne-58 Tbit/s apho kuphela i-24 Tbit/s yayisetyenziswe ngokwenene:
Kwabo bajika iminwe ngomsindo baze balungiselele ukubhala: “Andikholelwa! Kancinci kakhulu!”, masinikhumbuze ukuba sithetha ngako ukugcwala kwelizwekazi, oko kukuthi, i-priori ephantsi kakhulu kunangaphakathi kwendawo ethile, kuba asikayinqandeli i-quantum teleportation kwaye akukho ndlela yokufihla okanye ukufihla kwi-ping ye-300-400 ms.
Ngo-2015, kwaqikelelwa ukuba ukusuka ku-2016 ukuya ku-2020, iyonke i-400 yeekhilomitha zeentambo zomqolo ziya kufakwa kumhlaba wolwandle, okonyusa kakhulu umthamo wothungelwano lwehlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sijonga izibalo eziboniswe kwimephu engentla, ngokukodwa malunga nomthwalo we-26 Tbit / s kunye neshaneli epheleleyo ye-58 Tbit / s, imibuzo yendalo ivela: kutheni kwaye kutheni?
Okokuqala, izigebenga ze-IT zaqala ukwakha uthungelwano lwazo lomqolo ukuze zonyuse uqhagamshelo lwezixhobo zangaphakathi zeenkampani kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo. Kungenxa ye-ping ekhankanywe ngaphambili ephantse ibe sisiqingatha sesibini phakathi kwamanqaku amabini achaseneyo kwihlabathi apho iinkampani ze-IT kufuneka zibe nobuchule ngakumbi ekuqinisekiseni uzinzo "loqoqosho" lwazo. Le miba icinezela kakhulu kuGoogle kunye neAmazon; abokuqala baqala ukubeka amanethiwekhi abo emva kwi-2014, xa bagqiba ekubeni "babeke" intambo phakathi konxweme olusempuma ye-United States kunye neJapan ukudibanisa amaziko abo edatha, malunga nayo. . Ukuxhuma nje amaziko edatha amabini ahlukeneyo, isigebenga sokukhangela sasikulungele ukuchitha i-300 yezigidi zeedola kwaye solule malunga ne-10 yeekhilomitha eziliwaka lekhebula emazantsi oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Ukuba kukho nabani na obengazi okanye alibale, ukubeka intambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi ngumzamo wokwandisa ukuntsonkotha, ukusukela ekuntywilisweni kwezakhiwo eziqinisiweyo ezinobubanzi obungangesiqingatha semitha kwimimandla eselunxwemeni kwaye iphele ngoqwalaselo lwenkangeleko yomhlaba olungapheliyo ngokubeka inxalenye engundoqo yombhobho. kubunzulu beekhilomitha eziliqela. Xa kufikwa kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, ubunzima buyanda kuphela ngokulingana nobunzulu kunye nenani leentaba ezisezantsi kolwandle. Iziganeko ezinjalo zifuna iinqanawa ezikhethekileyo, iqela leengcali eziqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwaye, eneneni, iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi onzima, ukuba siqwalasela ukufakwa kwisigaba soyilo kunye nokuhlola ukuya, enyanisweni, ukugunyaziswa kokugqibela kwecandelo lomnatha. Ngaphezu koko, apha unokongeza ukulungelelaniswa komsebenzi kunye nokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zokuhambisa elunxwemeni kunye noorhulumente basekhaya, usebenze kunye nee-ecologists ezibeka esweni ukugcinwa konxweme oluhlala kakhulu (ubunzulu <200 m), njalo njalo.
Mhlawumbi iinqanawa ezitsha ziye zasetyenziswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, iinqanawa eziphambili zokubeka intambo yeHuawei efanayo (ewe, inkampani yaseTshayina yenye yeenkokeli kule marike) yayinomgca oqinileyo kwiinyanga ezininzi ezizayo. . Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yalo lonke olu lwazi, umsebenzi wee-giants zobuchwepheshe kweli candelo ukhangeleka ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Isikhundla esisemthethweni sazo zonke iinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT kukuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso (ukuzimela kuthungelwano oluqhelekileyo) lwamaziko abo edatha. Kwaye nantsi indlela iimephu ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zabadlali beemarike ezahlukeneyo zibukeka njani ngokwedatha :
Njengoko ubona kwiimephu, eyona nto inomdla wokutya ayiyoyeGoogle okanye iAmazon, kodwa yekaFacebook, ekudala iyekile ukuba “yinethiwekhi yoluntu nje.” Kukwakho umdla ocacileyo wabo bonke abadlali abaphambili kwingingqi yeAsia-Pacific, kwaye nguMicrosoft kuphela osafikelela kwiLizwe eliDala. Ukuba ubala nje oohola bendlela abaphawulweyo, unokufumanisa ukuba ezi nkampani zine kuphela ezingabanini-ndawonye okanye abanini abapheleleyo bemigca yetrunk engama-25 esele yakhiwe okanye ecetyelwe ukwakhiwa ekugqibeleni, uninzi lwazo olululela ngaseJapan, China kunye wonke uMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Kwangaxeshanye, sibonelela kuphela ngezibalo kwizigebenga ezine ze-IT ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, kwaye ngaphandle kwazo, i-Alcatel, i-NEC, iHuawei kunye ne-Subcom nazo zizakhela ezazo iinethiwekhi.
Ngokubanzi, inani le-backbones yangasese okanye yabucala ye-transcontinental ikhule kakhulu ukususela ngo-2014, xa uGoogle wabhengeza uxhulumaniso olukhankanywe ngaphambili kwiziko ledatha yase-US kwiziko ledatha eJapan:
Ngokwenyani, inkuthazo "sifuna ukudibanisa amaziko ethu edatha" ayanelanga: iinkampani azifuni kudityaniswa ngenxa yoqhagamshelo. Endaweni yoko, bafuna ukwahlula ulwazi oluthunyelwayo kwaye bakhusele iziseko zabo zangaphakathi.
Ukuba uthatha umnqwazi wefoyile kwidrowa yedesika yakho, wolule kwaye uyitsale ngokuqinileyo, unokwenza ingqikelelo elumke kakhulu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngoku siqwalasela ukuvela kokwenziwa kwe-Intanethi, ngokusisiseko iqumrhu lehlabathi. inethiwekhi. Ukuba uyakhumbula ukuba iakhawunti yeAmazon, Google, Facebook kunye neMicrosoft ubuncinci isiqingatha sokusetyenziswa kwetrafikhi yehlabathi (ukubanjwa kweAmazon, ukukhangela kuGoogle kunye neenkonzo, iinethiwekhi zentlalo zikaFacebook kunye ne-Instagram kunye needesktops eziqhuba iWindows kwiMicrosoft), kufuneka ukhuphe ikepusi yesibini. Kuba kwithiyori, kwithiyori engacacanga kakhulu, ukuba iiprojekthi ezifana neGoogle Fiber (le yileyo apho uGoogle wazama isandla sakhe njengomboneleli wabemi) avela kwimimandla, ngoku sibona ukuvela kwe-Intanethi yesibini, ekhoyo ngoku kunye nesele yakhiwe . Indlela i-dystopian kunye nokukhohlisa oku - zenzele isigqibo.
Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. , ndiyacela.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba oku kufana nokwakha "i-Intanethi efanayo" okanye siyakrokra?
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Ewe, kubonakala.
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Hayi, bafuna nje uxhulumaniso oluzinzileyo phakathi kwamaziko edatha kwaye akukho zoyikiso apha.
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Ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna umnqwazi we-tin wefoil ongaqinile, lo uqaqanjelwa kancinci.
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Inguqulelo yakho kwizimvo.
Bangama-25 abasebenzisi abavotileyo. Abasebenzisi abangama-4 abakhange.
umthombo: www.habr.com