🥇vGPU - ukusetyenziswa akunakuhoyi

NgoJuni-Julayi, phantse ishumi elinambini iinkampani zanxibelelana nathi, zinomdla kubuchule bee-GPUs. Iigraphics ezivela kwi-Cloud4Y sele isetyenziswe ngenye yee-subsidiaries ezinkulu ze-Sberbank, kodwa ngokubanzi inkonzo ayithandwa kakhulu. Ngoko sasiwuthanda gqitha umsebenzi onjalo. Ukubona umdla okhulayo kwitekhnoloji, sagqiba ekubeni sithethe kancinci malunga ne-vGPU.

"Amachibi edatha" afunyenwe ngenxa yovavanyo lwezesayensi kunye nophando, i-Deep Learning kunye nezinye iindawo zokusebenza kunye ne-AI, imodeli yezinto ezinkulu kunye neziyinkimbinkimbi - konke oku kufuna i-hardware yokusebenza ephezulu. Kulungile ukuba ikhona kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ulungise ngokukhawuleza iingxaki zangoku. Kodwa ngenxa yokwanda kokuntsonkotha kwemisebenzi (ngokukodwa kuhlalutyo lweshishini, unikezelo, ii-algorithms ze-DL kunye nesikhokelo), amandla ehardware yedesktop kunye nee-CPU zeseva ziya zisiba ngenamsebenzi.

Isisombululo sifunyenwe ekusebenziseni i-GPU computing. Le teknoloji yokukhawulezisa imizobo ivumela izibonelelo zeGPU enye ukuba kwabelwane ngazo koomatshini abaninzi benyani. I-GPU ekuqaleni yayiyilelwe ukusebenza ngemizobo, ngoko ke iqulathe amawaka eecores ezincinci ezisetyenziselwa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi ehambelanayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye zezona zibalo zisebenza kakhulu kwi-GPU, ezinye zithathwa yi-CPU.

Ikhompuyutha yeGPU yasungulwa yinkampani Nvidia emva phaya ngo-2007. Namhlanje, le teknoloji ifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha kwaye isetyenziswe kumaziko edatha yamashishini amakhulu kunye neebhubhu zesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yendabuko ine-drawback enye ebalulekileyo: ukuthenga izixhobo eziphathekayo kubiza kakhulu. Kwaye ukuba uyakhumbula izinga apho i-hardware iphelelwa lixesha, iba buhlungu ngakumbi.

Itekhnoloji yeeprosesa zegraphics ezibonakalayo: i-vGPU yenzelwe ukusombulula ingxaki. Ngoncedo lwayo, abasebenzisi banokuqalisa ukude izicelo ezinzima njenge-AutoCAD, 3DS Max, Maya, Sony Vegas Pro. I-Virtualization ifumene ngokukhawuleza isabelo semarike. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yeyiphi isazinzulu sedatha yaseRussia engathandi ukubala ngokukhawuleza kumakhadi evidiyo eNVidia Tesla?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela apha ukuba ngaphambi kokufika kwe-vGPU, ezinye iindlela zokukhawulezisa imizobo zazisetyenziswa: I-Virtual Shared Graphics Acceleration (vSGA kunye ne-Virtual Dedicated Graphics Acceleration (vDGA) isisombululo se-vGPU sidibanisa ezona teknoloji zombini. Ubume be-vGPU yenzelwe ukwabelana nge-GPU kunye ne-RAM kwiidesktop ezininzi ezinenyani, kodwa i-VM nganye ithumela imiyalelo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-GPU, njengoko kunjalo nge-vDGA.

Kutheni sifuna iivGPUs kwaphela?

I-computing yamafu isebenzisa i-vGPUs ivumela iinkampani ukuba zisombulule iingxaki ebezingenakukwazi ukusonjululwa ngaphambili. Okanye mhlawumbi, kodwa oku kufuna isixa esikhulu ngokungekho ngqiqweni semithombo. Iseva ye-GPU e-1 inokutshintsha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 leeCPU eziqhelekileyo. Kukho nabanye amanani anomtsalane ngakumbi. Oku akukho joke: Izisombululo zeNvidia ziqhuba iipetabytes zedatha amaxesha amaninzi ngokukhawuleza kuneeseva ze-CPU zakudala. Kwaye iLifu likaGoogle elifanayo libonelela ngoomatshini ababonakalayo abaneGPUs ezisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-960 teraflops.

Iingcali ezininzi zifuna izixhobo ezinamandla ezinokwenza izibalo ezihambelanayo. Abaqulunqi kunye neenjineli basebenzisa iteknoloji ye-vGPU kwiinkqubo zokuyila (i-Autodesk, umzekelo). Abaqulunqi basebenza ngedijithali yesithombe kunye nomxholo wevidiyo (Photoshop, CorelDraw). Oomatshini benyani IiGPU nazo zifunwa ngamaziko ezonyango aqokelela kwaye ahlalutye idatha malunga nezigulane kunye nezifo. Isebenza ngeGPU kunye "Yandex».

Ngaba ucinga ukuba yiyo? Nokuba kunjani na. Ubuchwephesha bukwasetyenziselwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukujonga ukuchaneka kwemifanekiso yesathelayithi, kwaye ngenxa uqikelelo ngobhubhane, uphando ngemozulu, umfuziselo imijikelo yelanga и abahlalutyi bezoshishino. Kwaye kukho enye epholileyo inqaku malunga nokwenza imodeli kwindawo Unity3D ukusuka Le yiZolden.

Ngayo yonke le nto, izisombululo ezisekwe kwi-vGPU azikasasazeki kwihlabathi. Ke, ngo-2018 iNetApp yabanjwa ukuvota phakathi kweenkampani ezisebenzisa iprosesa yemizobo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-60% yemibutho isasebenza kwiziseko zabo ze-IT. Kuphela ngama-23% asebenzisa ilifu. ERashiya, ukungena kweteknoloji ye-cloud computing ayibalulekanga kangako. Kodwa ngenxa yezixhobo ezintsha kunye nezisombululo zesoftware, inani leenkampani ezisebenzisa i-GPU-powered oomatshini benyani lihlala likhula.

vGPU Izisombululo

Iinkampani ezininzi ziphuhlisa itekhnoloji ye-virtualization yee-accelerator zegraphics, kodwa phakathi kwazo kukho iinkokeli ezingathandabuzekiyo.

Omnye wabaphuhlisi besisombululo abahloniphekileyo kwicandelo lezisombululo zamafu, inkampani VMware inikeza iinkampani i-hypervisor ESXi, apho isantya se-GPUs esibonakalayo sithelekiseka nokuphunyezwa kwintsimbi engenanto. Kuhlaziyo olutshanje, umphuhlisi ukhubaze i-balancer yomthwalo we-vMotion kunye nenkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-DirectPath I / O iteknoloji, edibanisa umqhubi we-CUDA kwi-VM ngokudlula i-hypervisor kunye nokukhawuleza ukudluliselwa kwedatha.

Nvidia ikwazama ukuhlangabezana nolindelo lwemarike, kwaye ngenxa yoku ikhuphe iqonga elivulekileyo lomthombo Ukukhawuleza. Isisombululo sidibanisa iilayibrari ezininzi zokusebenza kunye ne-CUDA yoyilo, eyenza lula ukusebenza kunye nedatha ngexesha loqeqesho lwenethiwekhi ye-neural kwaye ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokuzenzekelayo ngekhowudi yePython. Ukusebenzisa i-Rapids kunye ne-XGBoost umatshini wokufunda i-algorithm inikeza ukwanda kwe-50x ekusebenzeni xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-CPU.

Bakwanabo neteknoloji yabo AMD. Iqonga libizwa ngokuba ROCm. Isebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-SR-IOV, eyabelana ngesakhono sehardware yesixhobo somzimba phakathi koomatshini abaninzi benyani. Izibonelelo ze-accelerator enye zinokwahlulwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abalishumi elinesithandathu, ukugcina ukusebenza okulinganayo komnye nomnye wabo. Oku kukhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha phakathi kwee-CPU zefu kunye nee-GPU. Ikwasebenzisa ulwimi olukhethekileyo lwe-C ++ olubizwa ngokuba yi-HIP, eyenza kube lula ukwenza izibalo kwi-GPU.

Intel yakha iteknoloji yayo kwisiseko se-hypervisor ye-cross-platform Citrix I-XenServer 7, efumene isatifikethi sokuthotyelwa kweFSTEC ngo-2017. Isisombululo sidibanisa umsebenzi womqhubi weGPU oqhelekileyo kunye nomatshini obonakalayo. Oko kukuthi, "virtual" can inkxaso sebenzisa usetyenziso olunzima kwizixhobo zenani elikhulu (amakhulu aliqela) labasebenzisi.

Amathemba emarike

Abahlalutyi abazimeleyo bakholelwa ukuba ukuthengiswa kwezisombululo kwiinkqubo ze-HPC kuya kufikelela kwi-45 yeebhiliyoni zeedola nge-2022. Abaphuhlisi beqonga nabo balindele ukwanda kwemfuno yeenkqubo zokusebenza eziphezulu. Olu lindelo luqiniswa kukuthandwa kweDatha enkulu kunye nesidingo esiqhelekileyo sokucwangcisa umthamo omkhulu wedatha.

Kwakhona, ukukhula kwemfuno ye-vGPUs kunokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-hybrid edibanisa i-GPU kunye ne-CPU kwisixhobo esinye. Kwizisombululo ezinjalo ezidibeneyo, iindidi ezimbini zee-cores zabelana nge-cache, ekhawuleza ukudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi kwe-GPU kunye neeprosesa zendabuko.

Ii-Hybrids ziya kutshintsha ngokusisiseko indlela yokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo kumaziko edatha. Kwaye izisombululo zomthombo ovulekileyo njenge-ROCm kunye ne-Rapids zivumela abaqhubi beziko ledatha ukuba basebenzise ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zekhompyutha, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-hardware.

Kukho olunye uluvo. Umzekelo, ezo GPUs zenyani ziya kuthathelwa indawo ziichips ezibonakalayo ezineencoding yedatha yefoto. Izisombululo ezinjalo sele zikhona kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukufunda ngoomatshini. Ngaphezu koko, zibonakala ivelisa ngakumbi GPU eqhelekileyo. Kodwa itekhnoloji isekrwada.

Sisiphi isigqibo esinokufikelela kuso? Ngaphandle kokubonakala okunokwenzeka kwee-analogues, i-vGPU yindlela ethembisayo kakhulu, ekwazi ukusombulula inani elikhulu leengxaki. Kodwa ayifanelekanga kumntu wonke. Ngoko unako ukubeka isiphumlisi kwisihloko ngokwakho.

PS
Bhalisela yethu yocingo-ijelo ukuze ungaphoswa linqaku elilandelayo! Asibhali ngaphezu kwesibini ngeveki kwaye kuphela kwishishini.

Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. Ngena, ndiyacela.