Ezinye iinketho zeBash ziyaziwa kwaye zisetyenziswa rhoqo. Umzekelo, abantu abaninzi babhala ekuqaleni kweskripthi

setha -o xtrace

ukulungisa ingxaki,

setha -o errexit

ukuphuma ngempazamo okanye

set -o erruset

ukuphuma ukuba umahluko obizwayo awumiselwanga.

Kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha zichazwa ngokubhidanisa kakhulu kwimana, ngoko ke ndiqokelele ezona ziluncedo kakhulu apha, ngengcaciso.

Qaphela: IiMacs zinokuba noguqulelo oludala lwe-bash (3.x kune-4.x) apho ingezizo zonke ezi khetho ezikhoyo. Kule meko, yabona apha okanye apha.

set okanye shopt?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuseta iinketho ze-bash: ukusuka kwiscript okanye kumgca womyalelo. Ungasebenzisa imiyalelo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi set и shopt. Zombini zitshintsha isimilo seqokobhe, yenza into enye kakhulu (ngeengxabano ezahlukeneyo), kodwa zahlukile kuzo imvelaphi. Iinketho set zizuzwe njengelifa okanye zibolekwe kwiparameters zamanye amaqokobhe, ngelixa iiparameters shopt yenziwe kwi-bash.

Ukuba ufuna ukubona iinketho zangoku, sebenzisa:

$ set -o
$ shopt

Ukwenza ukhetho kwi set Kusetyenziswa i-syntax ende okanye emfutshane:

$ set -o errunset
$ set -e

Isiphumo siyafana.

Ukuyekisa ukhetho, kufuneka ubeke umdibaniselwano endaweni ka-minus:

$ set +e

Ixesha elide bendingakwazi ukukhumbula le syntax kuba ingqiqo ibibonakala ingalunganga (uphawu lothabatha lwenza ukhetho, kwaye uphawu lokudibanisa luyayivala).

В shopt (esengqiqweni ngakumbi) iiflegi zisetyenziselwa ukwenza kunye nokuvala iinketho -s (seti) kunye -u (ayilungiswanga):

$ shopt -s cdspell # <= on
$ shopt -u cdspell # <= off

Ukutshintsha abalawuli

Kukho iindlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo ezikunceda ukuba usebenze ngabalawuli.

1.cdspell

Ngolu cwangciso, i-bash izakuqala ukuqonda ii-typos kwaye izakusa kwisiqulathi seefayili esigama lalo upelwe kakubi.

$ shopt -s cdspell
$ mkdir abcdefg
$ cd abcdeg
abcdefg
$ cd ..

Ndisebenzisa olu khetho iminyaka emininzi kwaye kunqabile kakhulu (mhlawumbi kanye ngonyaka) yenza isigqibo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kodwa ngezinye iintsuku cdspell yonga ixesha, ngokoqobo yonke imihla.

2. i-autocd

Ukuba awufuni ukwamkela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamangeno amaninzi cd, ngoko ungacwangcisa olu khetho ukuya ku X ulawulo ukuba X umyalelo awukho.

$ shopt -s autocd
$ abcdefg
$ cd ..

Idityaniswe nokugqibezela ngokuzenzekelayo, oku kukuvumela ukuba utsibe ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweefolda:

$ ./abc[TAB][RETURN]
cd -- ./abcdefg

Musa nje ukubiza ifolda rm -rf * (ewe, ngendlela, oku kunokwenzeka).

3.direpand

Olu lukhetho olupholileyo olwandisa iimeko eziguquguqukayo ngokucinezela iTab:

$ shopt -s direxpand
$ ./[TAB]     # заменяется на...
$ /full/path/to/current_working_folder
$ ~/[TAB]     # заменяется на...
$ /full/path/to/home/folder
$ $HOME/[TAB] #  заменяется на...
$ /full/path/to/home/folder

Imveliso ecocekileyo

4. checkjobs

Olu khetho luyayeka ukuloga ngaphandle kweseshoni ukuba kusekho imisebenzi eqhuba ngasemva.

Endaweni yokuphuma, uluhlu lwemisebenzi engekagqitywa luyaboniswa. Ukuba usafuna ukuphuma, ngena kwakhona exit.

$ shopt -s checkjobs
$ echo $$
68125             # <= ID процесса для оболочки
$ sleep 999 &
$ exit
There are running jobs.
[1]+  Running                 sleep 999 &
$ echo $$
68125             # <= ID процесса для оболочки тот же
$ exit
There are running jobs.
[1]+  Running                 sleep 999 &
$ exit
$ echo $$
$ 59316           # <= на этот раз ID процесса  изменился

Amagunya amakhulu angena endaweni yawo

5.globstar

Olu khetho lukunika endaweni yamandla amakhulu! Ukuba uyangena:

$ shopt -s globstar
$ ls **

ngoko iqokobhe lizakubonisa bonke abalawuli kunye nabalawuli abasezantsi ngokuphindaphinda.

Ngokudibanisa ne direxpand Unokujonga ngokukhawuleza yonke into esezantsi kwi-hierarchy:

$ shopt -s direxpand
$ ls **[TAB][TAB]
Display all 2033 possibilities? (y or n) 

6. extglob

Olu khetho lwenza iimpawu eziqhele ukunxulunyaniswa nentetho eqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kuluncedo kakhulu:

$ shopt -s extglob
$ touch afile bfile cfile
$ ls
afile bfile cfile
$ ls ?(a*|b*)
afile bfile
$ ls !(a*|b*)
cfile

Apha iipateni zifakwe kwizibiyeli kwaye zihlulwe ngebha ethe nkqo. Naba abasebenzi abakhoyo:

? = idibanisa u-zero okanye isenzeko esinye seepateni ezinikiweyo ! = bonisa yonke into engahambelani neepateni ezinikiweyo * = zero okanye ngaphezulu izehlo + = isehlo esinye okanye ezingaphezulu @ = kanye kanye

Ukhuseleko kwingozi

7. qinisekisa

Kungoyikeka kancinci ekuqaleni ukusebenzisa imiyalelo yokuqalisa ekhawulezayo evela kwimbali yezishunqulelo !! и !$.

Ukhetho histverify ikuvumela ukuba ubone kuqala ukuba uBash uwutolika njani umyalelo ngaphambi kokuba usebenze:

$ shopt -s histverify
$ echo !$          # <= По нажатию Enter команда не запускается
$ echo histverify  # <= Она сначала демонстрируется на экране,
histverify         # <= а потом запускается 

8. Noclobber

Kwakhona, ukukhusela ngokuchasene neengozi, ezizezi ukusuka ekubhaleni ngaphezulu ifayile esele ikhona kunye nomsebenzisi wokuqondisa kwakhona (>). Oku kunokuba yintlekele ukuba awunayo i-backup.

Ukhetho set -С iyakwalela ukubhala ngaphezulu okunjalo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokudlula ukhuseleko usebenzisa umqhubi >|:

$ touch afile
$ set -C
$ echo something > afile
-bash: afile: cannot overwrite existing file
$ echo something >| afile
$

umthombo: www.habr.com