Swayipha nje ikhadi lakho: indlela engaphantsi komhlaba yaseNew York isebenzisa i-OS/2

Itekhnoloji yeVintage ibisebenza kwi-subway yaseNew York amashumi eminyaka-kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ivela ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga. Inqaku le-OS/2 abalandeli

Umntu waseNew York kunye nomkhenkethi bangena kwisikhululo sikaloliwe esingaphantsi kwe-42nd Street, esaziwa ngokuba yiTimes Square. Kuvakala ngathi sisiqalo sesiqhulo. Eneneni hayi: omnye wabo uyavuya kuba efikile apho; Kwabanye, le meko iyacaphukisa kakhulu. Umntu uyayazi indlela yokuphuma apho ngokukhawuleza kangangoko. Omnye akathethi- akasazi isiNgesi. Umntu waseNew York kunye nomkhenkethi ngabantu abahlukeneyo, kodwa okwangoku babanye. Zombini ziphantsi koGunyaziwe wezoThutho weMetropolitan (MTA) kunye nokuthembeka okungazange kuviwe kwenkqubo yokusebenza enempumelelo ephakathi ukusuka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990.

Ngomhla oqhelekileyo wokusebenza ngo-2016, uloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba waseNew York wathwala abantu abazizigidi ezi-5,7 [ukuthelekisa: i-metro yaseMoscow inezigidi ezi-6,7/malunga. guqulela.]. Lo ibingowona mlinganiselo uphakamileyo ukususela ngowe-1948. Ukuba ubuza umndilili waseNew York, baya kuthi, "Yiloo nto?" Ukungakholelwa kuyaqondakala, ekubeni isixeko sinabemi abasisigxina abazizigidi ezisi-8, yaye ngexesha leencopho okanye iiholide maxa wambi inani labantu likhula liye kutsho kwizigidi ezingama-20. Kuyabonakala ukuba, abantu abaninzi bathanda ukukhwela iteksi.


Iindlela ezihamba ngaphantsi komhlaba zaseNew York

Kunzima ukubheja kwikamva, kodwa yeyona nto ibisenziwa yi-MTA

NgoMatshi kwiTedium wabhala malunga IBM yokubheja enkulu kwi microkernels iinkqubo zokusebenza, ebandakanya ukwahluka eyaziwa OS/2 inkqubo yokusebenza. Ichaza ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yiyiphi ilahleko efunyenwe yinkampani ngenxa yolu kubheja. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzithemba kwe-IBM kwimpumelelo yenkqubo yayo yokusebenza kunyanzelise ezinye iinkampani ukuba zenze iingcinga ezifanayo.

Kodwa ukubheja okukhulu kwenziwa yi-MTA, i-Metropolitan Transit Authority, eyayidinga ukufumana indlela yokulahla amathokheni kwaye ihambe kwixesha apho yonke into kufuneka ibe yidijithali. Ngenxa yoko, kwavela ikhadi lehlelo KwiMetroCard. Isiqwenga esicekethekileyo seplastiki etyheli esinomgca ocacileyo omnyama ibiyeyona nto iphambili kwizipaji zaseNew York ukusukela oko yakhululwa ngo-1993.

Imbali yendlela yangoku yokufikelela kwi-subway yaseNew York inomdla kwiinkcukacha zeziseko zoluntu kunye nendlela ekhonza ngayo uluntu. Kodwa ngaphambi koko, kuya kuba luncedo ukuqonda ukuba le nkqubo yangoku yabakho njani. Kuba xa usakha into ebalulekileyo njengeNew York subway, ekugqibeleni kufuneka isebenze njengoko bekucetyiwe.

Ngokwesiseko unetry enye kuphela - kwaye naziphi na iimpazamo zinokukhokelela kwiibhiliyoni kwiindleko zokulungisa kunye nokucaphuka kwezigidi zabantu. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezikhethiweyo, enye yezona zithembekileyo zijike zaba yenye yeempazamo ezinkulu ze-IBM.

IiMetroCards ezintlanu ezikhethekileyo ezinikezelwe kuDavid Bowie kwaye zihlawulwe nguSpotify. Kwiiveki ezininzi ekwindla ka-2018, inkampani yaguqula isikhululo seSitalato i-Broadway-Lafayette / Bleecker Street kwi-West Village ibe sisikhumbuzo sobugcisa be-pop ngokuhlonipha umzobi owayehlala kufutshane. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni umva weMetroCards kwintengiso (kwaye kutheni kungenjalo), i-MTA ihlala ibonelela ngamakhadi ohlelo olukhethekileyo oluxhaswa ziimpawu ezinkulu. Iinketho zekhadi eliPhakamileyo zibiza imali ephambeneyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-MTA iyatsiba iibrendi kwaye yenze into epholileyo.

Indlela yokusebenza kwe-IBM, ethe yavelisa i-hype eninzi kodwa ayizange ibe yinto ekhethekileyo, yafumana ikhaya kwaye yanceda izigidi.

В nqaku iinkcukacha ezininzi ezinomdla zikhankanyiwe malunga ne-OS / 2 malunga ne-microkernels kunye nezinye izinto, kodwa kweli nqaku into yokuba le OS isenabaxhasi bayo ibaluleke kakhulu kwisihloko. Ewe, besiya kuba phi ngaphandle koku?

Isizathu sokuba i-MTA igqibe kwelokuba isebenzise i-OS/2, ifaka idijithali eminye imiba yendlela engaphantsi, ibonisa i-hype eyayijikeleze ukusungulwa kwe-OS ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990. Nangona kunjalo, iingxoxo kunye nophuhliso lwaqala iminyaka emininzi ngaphambili. Ngaphandle kokuthengisa ngokukodwa, iMicrosoft kunye ne-IBM bezisebenza kwisizukulwana esilandelayo seenkqubo zokusebenza. Nangona ingxelo yangoku kukuba iGates kunye neMicrosoft yenza i-IBM nge-MS-DOS, i-IBM ngokucacileyo yacinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngelo xesha.

Endaweni yokukhala ngengeniso elahlekileyo, i-IBM ibonakala ibona ukunqongophala kolwazi kwaye yaqala ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo se-OS ukusuka phezulu, okokuqala ngeMicrosoft. Esi senzo, njengoko umntu ebenokuqikelela, saphela kwi-IBM ngendlela efanayo nebali nge-MS-DOS. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elifutshane kakhulu ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980, abalawuli be-MTA babephakathi kokufumana iindlela zokuphelisa iithokheni ze-subway kunye nokubuyisela amakhadi ahlawulwa ngaphambili. Iinzuzo bezicacile - yenze ukuba kube lula ukunyusa amaxabiso kunye nokwazisa intlawulo esekelwe kwindawo. Abagibeli babenethuba lokukhetha phakathi kohambo olulodwa okanye uhambo olujikelezayo, kwaye ukhetho olungenamkhawulo lwabonakala ixesha elithile.

Ukwazisa olu hlaziyo lwenguquko, i-MTA yajikela kwinkampani eyaziwayo, i-IBM. Yayinengqiqo ngelo xesha.

OS/2 uguqulelo 2.1

I-OS / 2 kunye nomcebisi we-MTA uNeal Waldhauer uthe kwi-imeyile: "Kwakukho iminyaka embalwa apho unokwenza ukubheja komsebenzi kwi-OS / 2."

Ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni, kufuneka uqonde elo xesha. UWaldhauer uhlabela mgama esithi: “Olu yayiluphuhliso lwexesha langaphambi kweLinux kunye neeWindows. I-OS / 2 ibonakala ngathi ibheji ekhuselekileyo kwikamva. "

Ukungabikho kokhetho, i-MTA yakhetha eyona ilungileyo. Kwaye yasebenza amashumi eminyaka njengenye yezinto eziphambili zesoftware kwinkqubo enobunzima.

Inokusinda, njengoko uWaldhauer esithi: "Manditsho ukuba nje ukuba iMetroCard ixhaswa yinkqubo, i-OS / 2 iya kuqhubeka isebenza."

Inqaku elinika umdla kakhulu, kuba i-MTA ikwinkqubo yokuphelisa iMetroCard ngokuthanda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlawula ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano. Utshintsho kufuneka luphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye luncede i-MTA iqokelele ingeniso eyongezelelweyo.

Ivakala inika umdla, kodwa kulula ukubona iingxaki xa uphonononga into engaqhelekanga yenkqubo yeMetroCard yangoku.

I-MetroCard yam, inguqulelo kaJuni yeNyanga yeGay Pride. Okubangela umdla kukuba, iya kusebenza kangangeenyanga ezine ngaphezulu kweMetroCard eqhelekileyo, enokusetyenziswa kuphela unyaka.

Umcu wemagnethi ongaqondakaliyo kunye nendlela ochaphazela ngayo ubomi babantu

Ngamafutshane, utshintsho olusuka kumathokheni ukuya kwiMetroCard luthathe iminyaka kwaye lwalungekho lula. Imiqondiso yayeka ngokusemthethweni ukusetyenziswa ngo-2003. Ngelo xesha, i-MetroCards yamkelwa kuzo zonke izitishi zeso sixeko-kodwa akukho mntu wayeyithanda.

Ukungena kuhola wendlela kudla ngokuba lula, kodwa izikhalazo malunga nokuswayipha kwekhadi zikuyo yonke indawo. Kwaye uninzi lweengxaki zazibonakala zinxulumene nokuqhawuka konxibelelwano olubudenge phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo. Nangona i-OS/2 isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesistim yendlela engaphantsi komhlaba kwi-mainframe enkulu, imigangatho yamacandelo afakiweyo yayingeyona iphezulu. I-turnstiles kuyo nayiphi na isikhululo se-NYC idume kakubi ngokuba yi-capricious - kodwa bakwazi ukusebenza kunye nenkqubo ye-IBM.

Ii-ATM zikwasetyenziselwa ukuxhomekeka kwi-OS/2

Ngaphandle kokungaphumeleli kwe-OS / 2 kwimarike yabathengi, yayithembekile ngokumangalisayo, inika ubomi obude kwiinkqubo zoshishino kunye nezoshishino - kwaye ukusetyenziswa komzekelo omnye kwakuyi-ATM. U-Waldhauer uthe, "Ukujonga zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswe kwi-MTA, i-OS / 2 mhlawumbi iyona nxalenye ethembekileyo yenkqubo, ngaphandle kwe-mainframe." Isasetyenziswa kwindlela engaphantsi kwe-NYC ngo-2019. I-IBM yayilahla kudala, yaze yavumela enye inkampani ukuba igcine isoftware yayo ngo-2001. (Namhlanje inkampani ibizwa ngokuba Arca Noae ithengisa uguqulelo oluxhaswa ngokusemthethweni lwe-OS/2, I-ArcaOS, nangona uninzi lwabasebenzisi bayo bakwimeko efana ne-MTA).

I-OS/2 idlala indima yomqhubi kumgaqo ongaphantsi we-NYC. Kuyanceda ukudibanisa amalungu ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa ngabantu kunye namalungu angawasebenzisiyo. UWaldhauer uthi, “Akukho zicelo ze-OS/2 zabasebenzisi abanokusebenza nazo. I-OS/2 isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko njengojongano phakathi kogcino-lwazi oluntsonkothileyo lwe-mainframe kunye neekhompyuter ezilula ezisetyenziswa yonke imihla kwiindlela ezingaphantsi kunye neebhasi. Kodwa ngokubanzi, iikhompyuter ze-OS/2 zisasazwa kuyo yonke inkqubo. ”

Sithetha ngenkqubo yokusebenza eyenzelwe ekupheleni kwe-80s, ekhutshwe ekuqaleni kwe-90, njengenxalenye yobudlelwane obunzima phakathi kwee-tech giants ezimbini. I-MTA kwafuneka ingayihoyi ininzi yeli bali kuba yayisenzile isigqibo sayo kwaye ukutshintsha indlela kuya kuxabisa imali eninzi.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-backend kunye nezo zixhobo abantu baseNew York kunye nabakhenkethi badibana nazo zinokungalungelelanisiswa ngendlela ehlekisayo. Ukuba ufuna ukubeka oku kumbono, makhe sibuyele kuWaldhauer: "Ndifumana imvakalelo yokuba abaphuhlisi babenenjongo yokuba iMetroCard isebenze kunye nesiseko sedatha ye-mainframe, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane ezizenzekelayo ziza kuzibopha zonke kunye."

Iimpawu zendlela engaphantsi komhlaba yesiXeko saseNew York, ngomhla wokusetyenziswa, ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene: ngowe-1953–1970; 1970–1980; 1979–1980; 1980–1986; 1986–1995; 1995–2003.

Makhe sithethe ngomgca wemagnethi. Umgca omnyama ezantsi kwayo nayiphi na i-MetroCard, nokuba yeyiphi na, kufuneka isebenze nje. Indlela esebenza ngayo ngokwenene, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, imfihlelo.

“Abantu bebegqekreza iMetroCard,” utshilo uWaldhauer. Ukuba unokujonga kwi-encoding yemagnethi, iibhithi zikhulu kangangokuba unokuzibona ngeglasi yokukhulisa. Ikhowudi yomgca wemagnethi iyimfihlo kangangokuba andizange ndiyibone. Iyamangalisa into abantu abaza kuyenza ukuze bakhwele simahla.

Ngaba oku kubalulekile namhlanje? Ewe, ngokomgaqo, akunjalo. I-MTA iye yacacisa ukuba izimisele ukufudukela kwiintlawulo ezingenazo iintlawulo, njengoko benzile ngeKhadi le-Oyster eLondon. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo nayo ineengxaki zayo. Bade baqesha intloko yangaphambili yenkqubo yaseLondon, kwaye babeka eyona njongo yokuyisusa ngokupheleleyo iMetroCard.

Isanda kuqaliswa inkqubo ye-OMNY, eya kuqaliswa kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo

Kwixesha elizayo, abantu baya kuba nakho ukungena kwisiXeko saseNew York ngendlela engaphantsi komhlaba ngendlela efanayo abafola ngayo i-roller coasters eDisneyland namhlanje. Le nkqubo iya kufuna ukuba umntu aphathe isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi esiya kukukhokela kwii-turnstiles, nokuba yifowuni okanye i-smartwatch. Ngalo naliphi na ithamsanqa, siya kuba nenkqubo entsha ngeMetroCard. Kodwa akukho ziqinisekiso zoku.

Iimfuno ezisebenzayo nezeteknoloji ezenze indlela engaphantsi komhlaba yaseNew York zichaphazela phantse wonke umntu esixekweni. Abantu baseNew York batshintshela kwiindlela ezintsha zokuhlawula, kwaye abo banokuhlawula baya kwenza njalo. Kwaye abanye baya kuhlala ekhaya.

umthombo: www.habr.com