Ngenxa yobundlavini beenkqubo zeWindows, imekobume yeVPS ilawulwa lunikezelo lweLinux olukhaphukhaphu: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian okanye Ubuntu, engenandawo enzima yedesktop engeyomfuneko kwiinjongo zethu. Njengoko besitsho, i-console kuphela, i-hardcore kuphela! Kwaye eneneni, oku akukona ukubaxa konke konke: i-Debian efanayo iqala kwi-256 MB yememori kunye ne-core core enewotshi ye-1 Ghz, oko kukuthi, phantse nasiphi na "isiphunzi". Kumsebenzi otofotofo uya kufuna ubuncinci be-512 MB kunye neprosesa ekhawuleza kancinci. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba besikuxelele ukuba unokwenza into efanayo kwiVPS eqhuba iiWindows? Kutheni ungadingi ukukhupha i-Windows Server enzima, efuna iihektare ezintathu ukuya kwezine ze-RAM kwaye ubuncinci ii-cores zivaliwe kwi-1,4 GHz? Sebenzisa nje iWindows Server Core - susa i-GUI kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Siza kuthetha ngendlela yokwenza oku kwinqaku.
Ngubani lo Windows Server Core?
Akukho lwazi lucacileyo malunga nokuba yeyiphi iWindows (iseva) i-Core kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yakwaMikes, okanye kunoko, yonke into ibhidekile apho kangangokuba awuyi kuqonda kwangoko, kodwa ukukhankanywa kokuqala kubuyela kwixesha leWindows Server 2008. Ngokusisiseko, iWindows Core yi-Windows kernel Server esebenzayo (ngokukhawuleza!), "Incinci" ngobukhulu be-GUI yayo kunye nesiqingatha seenkonzo zecala.
Eyona nto iphambili yeWindows Core sisixhobo sayo esingafunekiyo kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lwekhonsoli ngePowerShell.
Ukuba uya kwiwebhusayithi yeMicrosoft kwaye ujonge iimfuno zobugcisa, ngoko ukuqalisa iWindows Server 2016/2019 uya kufuna ubuncinci iigigi ezi-2 ze-RAM kwaye ubuncinci ingundoqo enye enesantya sewotshi ye-1,4 GHz. Kodwa sonke siyaqonda ukuba ngolungelelwaniso olunjalo sinokulindela kuphela ukuba inkqubo iqale, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo hayi ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-OS yethu. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba iWindows Server iqhele ukwabelwa inkumbulo eninzi kwaye ubuncinci ii-cores ezi-2/4 zemisonto ukusuka kumqhubekekisi, ukuba aziboneleli ngomatshini womzimba obizayo kwiXeon ethile, endaweni yomatshini onexabiso eliphantsi.
Kwangaxeshanye, undoqo wenkqubo yeseva ngokwayo ifuna kuphela i-512 MB yememori, kwaye ezo zixhobo zeprosesa eziye zatyiwa yi-GUI nje ukuba zizotywe kwiscreen kwaye zigcine iinkonzo zayo ezininzi ezisebenzayo zingasetyenziselwa into eluncedo ngakumbi.
Nalu uthelekiso lweenkonzo zeWindows Core ezixhaswa ngaphandle kwebhokisi kunye neWindows Server epheleleyo evela kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeMicrosoft:
isicelo
Isiseko seseva
umncedisi ngeamava edesktop
Umyalelo oboqayo
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Windows PowerShell/Microsoft .NET
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Perfmon.exe
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Windbg (GUI)
zixhaswe
iyafumaneka
Resmon.exe
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Regedit
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Fsutil.exe
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Disksnapshot.exe
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Diskpart.exe
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Ngumdmmm.msc
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
devmgmt.msc
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Umphathi weNkonzo
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
mmc.exe
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Eventvwr
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Wevtutil (Imibuzo yesiganeko)
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
IiNkonzo.msc
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Iphaneli yokulawula
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Uhlaziyo lweWindows (GUI)
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Windows Explorer
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Lomsebenzi
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Izaziso zebar yomsebenzi
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
taskmgr
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Internet Explorer okanye Edge
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Inkqubo yoncedo eyakhelweyo
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Windows 10 Shell
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Windows Media Player
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
PowerShell
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
I-PowerShell ISE
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
PowerShell IME
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Mstsc.exe
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Iinkonzo zeDesktop ekude
iyafumaneka
iyafumaneka
Umphathi weHyper-V
ayifumaneki
iyafumaneka
Njengoko ubona, kuninzi kusikiwe kwiWindows Core. Iinkonzo kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene ne-GUI yenkqubo, kunye nayo nayiphi na "inkunkuma" engafunekiyo ngokuqinisekileyo kumatshini wethu we-console, umzekelo, iWindows Media Player, yangena phantsi kwemela.
Phantse njengeLinux, kodwa hayi
Ndifuna ngokwenene ukuthelekisa iWindows Server Core kunye nokuhanjiswa kweLinux, kodwa eneneni oku akulunganga ngokupheleleyo. Ewe, ezi nkqubo zifana nomnye ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ngenxa yokulahlwa kwe-GUI kunye neenkonzo ezininzi zecala, kodwa ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhlanganisana, oku kuseyiWindows, kwaye kungekhona inkqubo ye-Unix.
Owona mzekelo ulula ngowokuba ngokwakha ngesandla i-Linux kernel kwaye emva koko ufakele iipakethe kunye neenkonzo, nokuba ukuhanjiswa kweLinux ekhaphukhaphu kunokujikwa kube yinto enzima kwaye efana nemela yoMkhosi waseSwitzerland (apha ndifuna ngokwenene ukwenza ihlaya le-accordion malunga nePython. kwaye ufake umfanekiso ovela kuthotho oluthi "Ukuba Iilwimi zeNkqubo yayizizixhobo", kodwa asiyi kwenza njalo). Kwi-Windows Core kukho inkululeko encinci kangako, kuba, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, sijongene nemveliso yeMicrosoft.
IWindows Server Core iza sele sele yenziwe, uqwalaselo olungagqibekanga olunokuqikelelwa kwitheyibhile engentla. Ukuba ufuna into kuluhlu olungaxhaswanga, kuya kufuneka udibanise izinto ezingekhoyo kwi-intanethi ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli. Enyanisweni, akufanele ulibale malunga neNkcazo kwimfuno kunye nokukwazi ukukhuphela amacandelo njengeefayile ze-CAB, ezinokuthi zongezwe kwindibano ngaphambi kofakelo. Kodwa esi script asisebenzi ukuba sele ufumanisa ngexesha lenkqubo ukuba uphoswa naziphi na iinkonzo ezisikiweyo.
Kodwa yintoni eyahlula i-Core version kwi-full version yikhono lokuhlaziya inkqubo kunye nokongeza iinkonzo ngaphandle kokuyeka umsebenzi. IWindows Core ixhasa ukuqengqeleka okushushu kweepakethe, ngaphandle kokuqalisa kwakhona. Ngenxa yoko, ngokusekelwe kuqwalaselo olusebenzayo: umatshini osebenzisa iWindows Core kufuneka uqaliswe kwakhona ~ amaxesha ama-6 ngaphantsi kweyodwa eqhuba iWindows Server, oko kukuthi, kanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kwaye hayi kanye ngenyanga.
Ibhonasi emnandi kubalawuli kukuba ukuba inkqubo isetyenziswe njengoko bekucetywayo - nge-console, ngaphandle kwe-RDP - kwaye ayenzelwanga kwi-Windows Server yesibini, ngoko ikhuseleke kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nenguqulo epheleleyo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, uninzi lobuthathaka beWindows Server kungenxa ye-RDP kunye nezenzo zomsebenzisi othi, ngale RDP inye, enze into ekungafanele yenziwe. Yinto efana nebali likaHenry Ford kunye nesimo sengqondo sakhe ngombala wemoto: "Nawuphi na umthengi unokufumana imoto ipeyintwe nawuphi na umbala awufunayo ukuba nje unjalo. mnyama" Kuyafana nenkqubo: umsebenzisi unokunxibelelana nenkqubo nangayiphi na indlela, eyona nto iphambili kukuba uyenza ikhonco.
Faka kwaye ulawule iWindows Server 2019 Core
Sichazile ngaphambili ukuba iWindows Core iyimfuneko yeWindows Server ngaphandle kwe-GUI wrapper. Oko kukuthi, ungasebenzisa phantse naluphi na uhlobo lweWindows Server njengoguqulelo olungundoqo, oko kukuthi, lahla i-GUI. Kwiimveliso kusapho lweWindows Server 2019, le yi-3 kwi-4 yokwakhiwa kweseva: imowudi engundoqo iyafumaneka kwiWindows Server 2019 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter kunye neHyper-V Server 2019, oko kukuthi, kuphela iWindows Server 2019 Essentials ayibandakanywanga. kolu luhlu.
Kule meko, akukho mfuneko yokuba ujonge iphakheji yokufakela yeWindows Server Core. Kwi-installer ye-Microsoft eqhelekileyo, inguqu engundoqo inikezelwa ngokoqobo ngokungagqibekanga, ngelixa i-GUI version kufuneka ikhethwe ngesandla:
Ngapha koko, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulawula inkqubo kunale PowerShell ikhankanyiweyo, enikezelwa ngumenzi ngokungagqibekanga. Unokulawula umatshini obonakalayo kwiWindows Server Core ngeendlela ezintlanu ubuncinane ezahlukeneyo:
- I-PowerShell ekude;
- Izixhobo zoLawulo lweeSeva ezikude (RSAT);
- Iziko loLawulo lweWindows;
- Sconfig;
- Umphathi weSeva.
Izikhundla ezithathu zokuqala zinomdla kakhulu: i-PowerShell eqhelekileyo, i-RSAT kunye ne-Windows Admin Centre. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngelixa sifumana izibonelelo zesinye sezixhobo, sikwafumana imida esiyibekayo.
Asiyi kuchaza amandla ekhonsoli; I-PowerShell yi-PowerShell, kunye neenzuzo zayo ezicacileyo kunye neengxaki. Nge-RSAT kunye ne-WAC yonke into inzima ngakumbi.
I-WAC ikunika ukufikelela kulawulo lwenkqubo ebalulekileyo njengokuhlela ubhaliso kunye nokulawula iidiski kunye nezixhobo. I-RSAT kwimeko yokuqala isebenza kuphela kwimodi yokujonga kwaye ayiyi kukuvumela ukuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho, kunye nokulawula iidisks kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo Izixhobo zoLawulo lwe-Remote Server zifuna i-GUI, akunjalo kwimeko yethu. Ngokubanzi, i-RSAT ayikwazi ukusebenza kunye neefayile kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukuhlaziywa, ukufakwa / ukususwa kweenkqubo ekuhleleni irejista.
β Ulawulo lwenkqubo
WAC
RSAT
Ulawulo lweCandelo
ukuba
ukuba
Umhleli weRegistry
ukuba
akukho
Ulawulo lwenethiwekhi
ukuba
ukuba
Umbukeli weMnyhadala
ukuba
ukuba
Iifolda ekwabelwana ngazo
ukuba
ukuba
Ulawulo lweDiski
ukuba
Kuphela kubancedisi abane GUI
Umcwangcisi woMsebenzi
ukuba
ukuba
Ulawulo lwesixhobo
ukuba
Kuphela kubancedisi abane GUI
Ulawulo lwefayile
ukuba
akukho
ulawulo lomsebenzisi
ukuba
ukuba
Ulawulo lweqela
ukuba
ukuba
Ulawulo lwesatifikethi
ukuba
ukuba
Uhlaziyo
ukuba
akukho
Ukukhupha iinkqubo
ukuba
akukho
Inkqubo Monitor
ukuba
ukuba
Kwelinye icala, i-RSAT isinika ulawulo olupheleleyo kwiindima kumatshini, ngelixa iZiko loLawulo lweWindows alinakwenza nto ngokoqobo kulo mba. Nalu uthelekiso lwezakhono ze-RSAT kunye ne-WAC kulo mba, ukucaca:
β Ulawulo lwendima
WAC
RSAT
uKhuseleko lweNtuthuko oluPhezulu
PREVIEW
akukho
Windows Defender
PREVIEW
ukuba
Izikhongozeli
PREVIEW
ukuba
Iziko loLawulo lwe-AD
PREVIEW
ukuba
ID Domain kunye neeTrasti
akukho
ukuba
Iindawo zeAD kunye neenkonzo
akukho
ukuba
DHCP
PREVIEW
ukuba
DNS
PREVIEW
ukuba
Umphathi weDFS
akukho
ukuba
Umphathi weGPO
akukho
ukuba
Umphathi we-IIS
akukho
ukuba
Oko kukuthi, sele kucacile ukuba ukuba siyayishiya i-GUI kunye ne-PowerShell ngenxa yolunye ulawulo, asiyi kukwazi ukubaleka ngokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwesixhobo se-mono: kulawulo olupheleleyo kuyo yonke imida, siya kufuna ubuncinane. indibaniselwano ye-RSAT kunye ne-WAC.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kuya kufuneka uhlawule i-150-180 megabytes ye-RAM ukusebenzisa i-WAC. Xa uqhagamshelwe, i-Windows Admin Centre yenza iiseshoni ze-3-4 kwicala lomncedisi, ezingabulawanga nangona isixhobo sinqanyuliwe kumatshini obonakalayo. I-WAC nayo ayisebenzi kunye neenguqulelo ezindala ze-PowerShell, ngoko uya kufuna ubuncinci i-PowerShell 5.0. Konke oku kuchasene ne-paradigm yethu ye-austerity, kodwa kufuneka uhlawule induduzo. Kwimeko yethu - RAM.
Enye inketho yokulawula i-Server Core kukufaka i-GUI usebenzisa izixhobo zomntu wesithathu, ukuze ungarhuqi iitoni zenkunkuma eziza kunye ne-interface kwindibano epheleleyo.
Kule meko, sinokhetho olubini: khupha uMhloli wokuqala kwisistim okanye usebenzise i-Explorer ++. Njengenye indlela yokugqibela, nawuphi na umphathi wefayile ufanelekile: I-Commander iyonke, i-FAR Manager, i-Double Commander, njalo njalo. Le yokugqibela ikhethwa ukuba ukugcina i-RAM kubalulekile kuwe. Unokongeza i-Explorer++ okanye nawuphi na omnye umphathi wefayile ngokwenza ifolda yenethiwekhi kwaye uyisungule nge-console okanye umcwangcisi.
Ukufakela i-Explorer epheleleyo kuya kusinika amathuba amaninzi malunga nokusebenza ngesoftware exhotyiswe nge-UI. Ngenxa yoko thina kwiServer Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD) eya kubuyisela iMMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe kunye nePowershell ISE kwinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka sihlawulele oku, njengoko kunjalo nge-WAC: siya kuphulukana ngokungenakujikwa malunga ne-150-200 megabytes ye-RAM, eya kuthi igxothwe ngokungenalusini yi-explorer.exe kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Nokuba akukho msebenzisi usebenzayo kumatshini.
Oku kujongeka ngathi ukusetyenziswa kwememori yinkqubo koomatshini kunye nangaphandle kwephakheji yemveli yoMhloli.
Umbuzo onengqiqo uvela apha: kutheni konke oku kudanisa ngePowerShell, iFOD, abaphathi beefayile, ukuba kukho naliphi na inyathelo elisekhohlo okanye ekunene likhokelela ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwe-RAM? Kutheni uzithambise ngeqela lezixhobo kwaye utshixize ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ukuze uqinisekise umsebenzi otofotofo kwiWindows Server Core, xa unokukhuphela nje iWindows Server 2016/2019 kwaye uphile njengomntu omhlophe?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokusebenzisa iServer Core. Okokuqala: ukusetyenziswa kwememori yangoku kuphantse kube sisiqingatha. Ukuba uyakhumbula, le meko yayisisiseko senqaku lethu kwasekuqaleni. Ukuthelekisa, nantsi inkumbulo esetyenziswayo yeWindows Server 2019, thelekisa kunye nezikrini ezingasentla:
Kwaye ke, i-1146 MB yokusetyenziswa kwememori endaweni ye-655 MB kwi-Core.
Ucinga ukuba awuyidingi i-WAC kwaye uya kusebenzisa i-Explorer++ endaweni yoMhloli wokuqala, emva koko wena useza kuphumelela phantse isiqingatha sehektare kumatshini ngamnye onenyani osebenzisa iWindows Server. Ukuba kukho umatshini omnye kuphela, ngoko ukunyuka akunamsebenzi, kodwa ukuba kukho ezintlanu zazo? Kulapho ukuba ne-GUI kubalulekile, ngakumbi ukuba awuyifuni.
Okwesibini, nayiphi na imidaniso ejikeleze iWindows Server Core ayiyi kukukhokelela ekulweni nengxaki ephambili yokusebenza kweWindows Server-RDP kunye nokhuseleko lwayo (ngokuchanekileyo, ukungabikho kwayo ngokupheleleyo). I-Windows Core, idityaniswe ne-FOD, i-RSAT kunye ne-WAC, iseyi-server ngaphandle kwe-RDP, oko kukuthi, ayinakuchaphazeleka kwi-95% yokuhlaselwa okukhoyo.
Eseleyo
Ngokubanzi, iWindows Core ityebile kancinci kunayo nayiphi na isitokhwe seLinux, kodwa isebenza ngakumbi. Ukuba ufuna ukukhulula izixhobo kwaye ulungele ukusebenza kunye ne-console, i-WAC kunye ne-RSAT, kwaye usebenzise abaphathi beefayile endaweni ye-GUI epheleleyo, ngoko i-Core ifanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo. Ngaphezu koko, ngayo uya kuba nakho ukunqanda ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kwiWindows epheleleyo, kwaye uchithe imali egciniweyo ekuphuculeni kwakho. , ukongeza apho, umzekelo, i-RAM. Ukwenzela lula, songeze iWindows Server Core yethu .
umthombo: www.habr.com