Molo, habr. Ubhaliso lwekhosi entsha luvuliwe ngoku e-OTUS . Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuqala kwekhosi, ndifuna ukwabelana nawe ngenqaku lam lokuqala.
Intshayelelo
Ukhetho lwesitayile soyilo sesinye sezigqibo zobugcisa ezisisiseko xa kusakhiwa inkqubo yolwazi. Kolu ngcelele lwamanqaku, ndicebisa ukuba ndihlalutye ezona ntlobo zezakhiwo zidumileyo zezicelo zokwakha kwaye uphendule umbuzo wokuba sesiphi isimbo soyilo esithandwa kakhulu. Kwinkqubo yokubonisa, ndiya kuzama ukuzoba ikhonkco elinengqiqo elichaza ukuphuhliswa kweendlela zokwakha ukusuka kwi-monoliths ukuya kwii-microservices.
Inxalenye ethile yembali
Ukuba uzama ukubuza abaphuhlisi: "Kutheni sifuna i-microservices?", Uya kufumana iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo. Uza kuva ukuba i-microservices iphucula i-scalability, yenza ikhowudi ibe lula ukuyiqonda, ukuphucula ukunyamezela iimpazamo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uya kuva ukuba bayakuvumela ukuba "uhlambulule ikhowudi yakho." Makhe sijonge kwimbali ukuze siqonde injongo emva kokuvela kwee-microservices.
Ngamafutshane, ii-microservices ekuqondeni kwethu kwangoku zavela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kwi-2011, uJames Lewis, ehlalutya umsebenzi weenkampani ezahlukeneyo, wagxininisa ukuvela kwendlela entsha "ye-micro-app", eyalungisa i-SOA malunga nokukhawuleza ukuthunyelwa iinkonzo. Emva kwexesha elithile, ngo-2012, kwingqungquthela yolwakhiwo, ipateni yathiywa ngokutsha ngokuba yi-microservice. Ngaloo ndlela, injongo yokuqala yokwazisa ii-microservices yayikukuphucula ezona zidumileyo ixesha lokuthengisa.
Iinkonzo ezincinci bezikwi-hype wave ngo-2015. Ngokutsho kwezinye izifundo, akukho nkomfa enye yagqitywa ngaphandle kwengxelo ngesihloko se-microservices. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iinkomfa bezinikezelwe kuphela kwiinkonzo ezincinci. Kule mihla, iiprojekthi ezininzi ziqala ukusebenzisa olu hlobo loyilo, kwaye ukuba iprojekthi iqulethe iitoni zekhowudi yelifa, ke ukufudukela kwii-microservices mhlawumbi kuqhutywa ngenkuthalo.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto ingasentla, inani elincinci labaphuhlisi lisenokuyichaza intsingiselo ye "microservice". Kodwa siza kuthetha ngale nto kamva ...
Monolith
Isitayile soyilo esahlula ii-microservices yi-monolith (okanye yonke-kwinye). Mhlawumbi akukho ngqiqweni ukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-monolith, ngoko ke ndiza kudwelisa ngokukhawuleza ukungonakali kwesi simbo sokwakha, esiqalise ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kweendlela zokwakha: ubungakanani, ukudibanisa, ukuthunyelwa, ukulinganisa, ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina. Ngezantsi ndiphakamisa ukujonga nganye yeentsilelo ngokwahlukileyo.
ubungakanani
I-monolith inkulu kakhulu. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo inxibelelana nedathabheyisi enkulu kakhulu. Isicelo siba sikhulu kakhulu ukuba umphuhlisi omnye angaqondwa kwaphela. Kuphela abo baye bachitha ixesha elininzi besebenza kule khowudi banokusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-monolith, ngelixa abaqalayo baya kuchitha ixesha elininzi bezama ukufumanisa i-monolith kwaye akukho siqinisekiso sokuba baya kuyifumana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa usebenza kunye ne-monolith, kukho rhoqo "imeko" ephezulu eyazi i-monolith ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kakuhle kwaye ibetha izandla zabanye abaphuhlisi abatsha phakathi konyaka kunye nesiqingatha. Ngokwemvelo, umntu onjalo unemiqathango yindawo enye yokusilela, kwaye ukuhamba kwakhe kunokukhokelela ekufeni kwe-monolith.
Uqhagamshelwano
I-monolith "yibhola enkulu yodaka", utshintsho olungakhokelela kwimiphumo engalindelekanga. Ngokwenza utshintsho kwindawo enye, ungonakalisa i-monolith kwenye (kwafanayo "uyikrwele indlebe yakho, * @ yawa"). Oku kubangelwa ukuba amacandelo e-monolith anobunzima kakhulu kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ubudlelwane obungabonakaliyo.
Ukuhanjiswa
Ukuhambisa i-monolith, ngenxa yobudlelwane obunzima phakathi kwamacandelo ayo, yinkqubo ende kunye nesithethe sayo. Isithethe esinjalo sidla ngokungalungelelaniswa ngokupheleleyo yaye sidluliselwa “ngomlomo.”
Ukubaleka
Iimodyuli ze-Monolith zinokuba neemfuno eziphikisanayo zezibonelelo, ezifuna ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwenziwe ngokwemigaqo ye-hardware. Khawucinge ukuba une-monolith ebandakanya iinkonzo ze-A kunye ne-B. Inkonzo A ifuna kubukhulu be-hard drive, kunye nenkonzo ye-B ifuna kwi-RAM. Kule meko, nokuba umatshini apho i-monolith ifakwe khona kufuneka ixhase iimfuno zeenkonzo zombini, okanye kuya kufuneka ukhubaze ngesandla enye yeenkonzo.
Omnye umzekelo (odidi oluphezulu): inkonzo A idume kakhulu kunenkonzo engu-B, ngoko ufuna kubekho iinkonzo ezili-100 A, kunye neenkonzo ezili-10 B. Kwakhona, zimbini iinketho: mhlawumbi sibeka ii-monoliths ezili-100 ezipheleleyo, okanye kwezinye ngoko. iinkonzo B kuya kufuneka zicinywe ngesandla.
Ukuthembeka
Ekubeni zonke iinkonzo zibekwe kunye, ukuba i-monolith iyawa, ke zonke iinkonzo ziwela kanye. Enyanisweni, oku kusenokungabi kubi kangako, ubuncinci akuyi kubakho ukungaphumeleli kwenxalenye kwinkqubo esasazwayo, kodwa kwelinye icala, ngenxa yempazamo ekusebenzeni esetyenziswa yi-0.001% yabasebenzisi, unokuphulukana nabo bonke abasebenzisi. yenkqubo yakho.
Inertia
Ngenxa yobukhulu be-monolith, kunzima ukutshintshela kubuchwepheshe obutsha. Ngenxa yoko, ukugcina loo mntu uphakamileyo ngumsebenzi owahlukileyo. I-teknoloji ekhethiweyo ekhethiweyo ekuqaleni kweprojekthi ingaba yibhloko ethintela ukuphuhliswa kwemveliso.
isiphelo
Ngexesha elizayo siza kuthetha ngendlela abantu abaye bazama ngayo ukusombulula ezi ngxaki ngokufudukela kumacandelo kunye ne-SOA.
Funda ngokugqithisileyo:
umthombo: www.habr.com
