Isicatshulwa sishwankathela izimvo ezivakaliswe ngumbhali kwingxelo βΒ».
Ezona zinto zingalunganga kunye neengxaki zewebhu yanamhlanje:
- Ukugqithiswa kwentlekele yothungelwano kunye nomxholo ophindwe kabini, ngokungabikho kwendlela ethembekileyo yokukhangela umthombo wokuqala.
- Ukusasazwa kunye nokungahambelani komxholo kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukhetho olupheleleyo ngesihloko kwaye, ngakumbi, kwinqanaba lokuhlalutya.
- Ukuxhomekeka kohlobo lokuboniswa komxholo kubapapashi (kaninzi ngokungaqhelekanga, ukulandela ezabo, ngokuqhelekileyo urhwebo, iinjongo).
- Unxibelelwano olubuthathaka phakathi kweziphumo zophando kunye ne-ontology (isakhiwo somdla) somsebenzisi.
- Ukufumaneka okuphantsi kunye nokuhlelwa kakubi komxholo wothungelwano olugciniweyo (ngokukodwa, iinethiwekhi zentlalo).
- Kukho inxaxheba encinci yeengcali kwintlangano (systematization) yomxholo, nangona ingabo abo, ngokwendalo yemisebenzi yabo, babandakanyeka kwi-systematization yolwazi imihla ngemihla, kodwa umphumo womsebenzi wabo ubhalwa kuphela iikhompyutha zendawo.
Isizathu esona sizathu sokuxhamla kunye nokungahambelani kwenethiwekhi yisixhobo sesayithi esizuzwe njengelifa kwiWebhu 1.0, apho umntu oyintloko kwinethiwekhi engeyena umnini wolwazi, kodwa umnini wendawo apho ikhoyo. Oko kukuthi, ingcamango yabathwali bezinto eziphathekayo yadluliselwa kwinethiwekhi, apho eyona nto yayiyindawo (ithala leencwadi, i-kiosk, ucingo) kunye nento (incwadi, iphephandaba, isiqwenga sephepha), kwaye emva koko umxholo wabo. Kodwa ekubeni, ngokungafaniyo nehlabathi lokwenyani, indawo kwihlabathi lenyani ayikhawulelwanga kwaye ixabisa iipeni, inani leendawo ezinikezela ngolwazi ligqithise inani leeyunithi zomxholo ezizodwa ngemiyalelo yobukhulu. I-Web 2.0 ilungise ngokuyinxenye imeko: umsebenzisi ngamnye ufumene indawo yakhe yobuqu - i-akhawunti kwinethiwekhi yoluntu kunye nenkululeko yokuyiqwalasela kwinqanaba elithile. Kodwa ingxaki yokungafani komxholo iye yanda kakhulu: iteknoloji yokukopisha-unamathisele iye yandisa iqondo lokuphindaphinda kolwazi ngemiyalelo yobukhulu.
Iinzame zokoyisa ezi ngxaki ze-Intanethi yanamhlanje zigxile kumacala amabini, anxibelelene ngandlel' ithile.
- Ukwandisa ukuchaneka kokukhangela ngomxholo we-microformatting osasazwe kuzo zonke iisayithi.
- Ukudalwa "kweendawo zokugcina" zomxholo othembekileyo.
Ulwalathiso lokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo, likuvumela ukuba ufumane ukukhangela okufanelekileyo ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokukhetha ukukhankanya amagama angundoqo, kodwa ayiphelisi ingxaki yokuphindaphinda umxholo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ayikuphelisi ukwenzeka kwenkohliso - ukucwangciswa kolwazi. idla ngokwenziwa ngumnini wayo, hayi umbhali, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayingomthengi onomdla kakhulu ekufuneni ukukhangela.
Uphuhliso kwicala lesibini (uGoogle, , njl.njl.) yenze ukuba kufumaneke ulwazi oluthembekileyo olungagungqiyo, kodwa kuphela kwiindawo apho oku kunokwenzeka - ingxaki yolwazi oluninzi ihlala ivulekile kwiindawo apho kungekho migangatho ifanayo kunye nengqiqo efanayo yokucwangcisa idatha. Ingxaki yokufumana, ukucwangciswa kunye nokubandakanya umxholo omtsha (okhoyo) kwi-database kunzima ukuyicombulula, eyona ngxaki iphambili kwinethiwekhi yanamhlanje ejoliswe kwintlalo.
Zeziphi izisombululo indlela esebenzayo esetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi kwingxelo βΒ»
- Ukwaliwa kwesakhiwo sesayithi - into ephambili yenethiwekhi kufuneka ibe yiyunithi yomxholo, kungekhona indawo yayo; i-network node kufuneka ibe ngumsebenzisi, kunye neeyunithi zomxholo eziqwalaselwe ngokunxulumene naye, ezinokubizwa ngokuba yi-ontology yomsebenzisi.
- I-Logical relativism (isininzi), echaza ukuba yinto engenakwenzeka yobukho bengqiqo enye yokulungelelanisa ulwazi, ukuqaphela imfuno yenani elingenasiphelo lamaqela e-ontological azimeleyo, nangaphakathi kwesihloko esinye. Iqela ngalinye limele i-ontology yomsebenzisi othile (umntu okanye jikelele).
- Indlela esebenzayo yokwakhiwa kwe-ontology, ebonisa ukuba i-ontology (isakhiwo se-cluster) yenziwe kwaye ibonakaliswe kwimisebenzi ye-generator umxholo. Le ndlela ifuna ukuhlengahlengiswa kweenkonzo zothungelwano ukusuka kwimveliso yomxholo ukuya kwi-ontology, nto leyo ithetha ukuyilwa kwezixhobo zokuphumeza nawuphi na umsebenzi wothungelwano. Le yokugqibela iya kukuvumela ukuba utsale iingcali ezininzi kwinethiwekhi eziya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Inqaku lokugqibela lingachazwa ngokubanzi:
- I-ontology yenziwa yingcali ngexesha lemisebenzi yakhe yobungcali. Inkqubo ibonelela ngobuchule kuzo zonke izixhobo zokungena, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokucubungula naluphi na uhlobo lwedatha.
- I-Ontology ityhilwa kwimisebenzi yengcali. Oku kuye kwenzeka ngoku kuba ipesenti enkulu yokusebenza kwawo nawuphi na umsebenzi owenziwayo okanye urekhodwa kwikhompyuter. Ingcali akufuneki yakhe i-ontologies, kufuneka isebenze kwindawo yesoftware, kwangaxeshanye isesona sixhobo siphambili somsebenzi wakhe kunye nejenereyitha ye-ontology.
- I-Ontology iba sisiphumo esiphambili somsebenzi (zombini kwinkqubo kunye nakwingcali) - imveliso yomsebenzi wobugcisa (isicatshulwa, inkcazo, itafile) sisizathu sokwakha i-ontology yalo msebenzi. Asiyontoloji ebotshelelwa kwimveliso (isicatshulwa), kodwa sisicatshulwa esiqondwa njengento eveliswe kwi-ontology ethile.
- I-ontology kufuneka iqondwe njenge-ontology yomsebenzi othile; Kukho ii-ontologies ezininzi njengoko kukho imisebenzi.
Ngoko ke, isiphelo esiphambili: I-Web 3.0 yinguqu esuka kwi-site-centric web ukuya kwinethiwekhi ye-semantic yomsebenzisi-centric - ukusuka kuthungelwano lwamaphepha ewebhu anomxholo oqwalaselwe ngokungacwangciswanga ukuya kuthungelwano lwezinto ezizodwa ezidityanisiweyo kwinani elingapheliyo le-ontologies ye-cluster. Ukusuka kwicala lobugcisa, i-Web 3.0 iseti yeenkonzo ze-intanethi ezibonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezixhobo zokungena, ukuhlela, ukukhangela kunye nokubonisa naluphi na uhlobo lomxholo, obonelela ngaxeshanye nge-ontologization yomsebenzi wabasebenzisi, kwaye ngayo, i-ontologization yomxholo.
Alexander Boldachev, 2012-2015
umthombo: www.habr.com