Windows 10 + Linux. Ukumisela i-KDE Plasma GUI ye-Ubuntu 20.04 kwi-WSL2. Ukuhamba phambili

Intshayelelo

Eli nqaku lenzelwe ingqalelo yabalawuli benkqubo abalungiselela iindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza kwiikhompyuter ezisebenzayo Windows 10, kubandakanya abaphuhlisi besoftware.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ingxaki ethile eyayanyaniswa nokungenzeki kokudibanisa isoftwe efunyenwe kwiMicrosoft Store ye-intanethi ukuze isetyenziswe ngokwesiko Windows 10 umfanekiso. Ngaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha, ndiya kucacisa ukuba le ngxaki inxulumene nento yokuba iinkqubo ezifakwe kwiMicrosoft Store zinxibelelana neakhawunti yenkonzo yoMlawuli, kwaye xa uyilo lomfanekiso wesiko lugqitywe ngumsebenzi sysprep iimpazamo zenzeka ngenxa yale meko.

Indlela ekuxoxwa ngayo kweli nqaku inqanda le ngxaki xa ulungiselela i Windows 10 umfanekiso we-OS kunye nenkqubo ephantsi ye-WSL2 eqwalaselwe kwangaphambili, kunye nomfanekiso olungiselelwe ngaphambili noqwalaselwe Ubuntu 20.04 OS nge KDE Plasma GUI, ethi yona ibe neyakhe. iseti yesoftware eqhelekileyo.

Mininzi imizekelo kunye nezifundo kwi-Intanethi zokuseta ii-subsystems ze-WSL (oko kukuthi i-WSL1 kunye ne-WSL2 entsha), ngokuseta ujongano lwe-GUI lweenkqubo ze-OS ezisekwe kwi-linux ukusuka ku-Ubuntu 16.04 ukuya ku-Ubuntu 20.04, kodwa oku kuchaphazeleka ikakhulu kwiidesktops. kwinto ebizwa. "ikhaphukhaphu" xfce4, enemida eqondakalayo kwiisethingi zabasebenzisi. Kodwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-KDE Plasma GUI ye-Ubuntu 20.04 ichaphazelekayo, akukho lwazi lungako lufunyenwe kumnatha. Kodwa lolo khetho olunika umsebenzisi wokugqibela iseti ephantse ingenamda yesetingi kuzo zombini imbonakalo yenkqubo kunye neesetingi zehardware, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amandla akhoyo okuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ze-linux eziphunyezwe kwi-subsystem ye-WSL2.

Ukufakela iseti efunekayo yesoftware kunye nokuqwalasela iWSL2

Sijonga inguqulo yangoku yeWindows, kule nto, kwibar yokukhangela yeWindows, faka umyalelo winver kwaye sifumana into efana nale:

Kubalulekile ukuba inguqulelo ye-OS ibe ngu-1903 okanye ngo-1909 (iinguqulelo ze-OS ezikhankanyiweyo mazibe nohlaziyo oluqokelelweyo lwe-KB4566116 olufakiweyo), okanye ngo-2004 (inombolo yokwakha engekho ngaphantsi kuka-19041), yonke ingcaciso ayinamsebenzi. Ukuba inombolo yoguqulelo incinci, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphucule kwinguqulelo yamva nje yeWindows ukuze uvelise ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo kweli nqaku.

Ukwenzela uncedo lwezinye izenzo, faka iSiteshi seWindows sasimahla usebenzisa iMicrosoft Store (kukwakhona ukukhuphela kweminye imithombo):

Sifaka i-X Server X410 ngeSitolo seMicrosoft esifanayo, le software ihlawulwe, kodwa kukho ixesha lasimahla leentsuku ezili-15, elaneleyo kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo.

Njengenye indlela yasimahla kwi-X410 Khuphela kwaye ufake iseva ye-VcXsrv X.

Kuyo nayiphi na indawo efanelekileyo kwidiski, senza uluhlu apho siya kugcina iifayile zethu. Njengomzekelo, masenze uvimba weefayili C:wsl.

Iyakhuphela kwaye ufake i-Ubuntu 20.04 i-installer ezimeleyo, khupha ifayile ephumayo usebenzisa i-archiver (umzekelo, i-7-zip). Thiya ngokutsha uvimba weefayili ongapakishwanga onegama elide Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 kwinto eyamkeleke ngakumbi, njengaye Ubuntu-20.04 kwaye uyikhuphele kulawulo C:wsl (ngoku nje ngokulula wsl).

Iyakhuphela kwaye ukhuphele kulawulo wsl iseva yesandi se-cross-platform PulseAudio v.1.1., senza izilungiso kwiifayile zayo zoqwalaselo.

Kwifayile wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa kwicandelo Load audio drivers statically hlela umgca:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

nakwicandelo Network access hlela umgca:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

Kwifayile wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf khulula kwaye utshintshe umgca

exit-idle-time = -1

Siqwalasela inkqubo ephantsi ye-WSL2 ngokuhambelana ne uxwebhu Microsoft. Ekuphela kwengxelo kukuba sele sikhuphele ukuhanjiswa kwe-Ubuntu, kwaye siya kuyifaka kwinyathelo elilandelayo. Ngokusisiseko, uqwalaselo luhla luvumela amacandelo ongezelelweyo "iWindows Subsystem yeLinux" kunye ne "Virtual Machine Platform", emva koko iqalise ukusebenzisa utshintsho kwiseto lwekhompyuter:

Ukuba kuyafuneka Khuphela kwaye ufake ipakethe yenkonzo ye-Linux kernel kwi-WSL2.
Siqalisa iWindows Terminal kwaye ukhethe imowudi yeCommand Prompt ngokucofa izitshixo Ctrl+Shift+2.

Okokuqala, sibeka indlela yokusebenza ye-WSL2, kuba sifaka umyalelo:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Tshintshela kwi-Ubuntu 20.04 i-standalone bootloader directory, kwimeko yam le wslUbuntu-20.04 kwaye uqhube ifayile ubuntu2004.exe. Xa ucelwa igama lomsebenzisi, ngenisa igama lomsebenzisi engineer (ungangenisa naliphi na elinye igama), ngenisa igama lokugqitha kwaye uqinisekise igama eligqithisiweyo leakhawunti ekhankanyiweyo:

I-terminal prompt ibonakala, i-Ubuntu 20.04 kernel ifakiwe. Makhe sijonge ukuchaneka koseto lwemowudi ye-WSL2, koku, kwiSitena seWindows, khetha ithebhu yeWindows PowerShell kwaye ufake umyalelo:

wsl -l -v

isiphumo sokwenziwa kufuneka sibe ngolu hlobo:

Siqwalasela i-firewall yeMicrosoft Defender, okt. ikhubaze inethiwekhi yoluntu:

Ukuseta Ubuntu 20.04

Kwi-Windows Terminal, khetha i-Command Prompt tab kwakhona kwaye ufake uhlaziyo lwe-Ubuntu 20.04. Ukwenza oku, kumgca womyalelo, ngenisa:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Faka i KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

ukufakela kuthatha ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30, kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwekhompyuter kunye ne-bandwidth yetshaneli yokufikelela kwi-Intanethi, xa ucelwa ngumfaki, siyaqinisekisa. OK.
Faka indawo yaseRashiya kunye nezichazi-magama Ubuntu 20.04. Ukwenza oku, kumgca womyalelo, ngenisa:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Yongeza uguqulelo lwamva nje lwe KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Songeza iseti yethu yezicelo zekhonsoli, umzekelo mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

Sijonga okwenzekileyo, ngenisa kumgca womyalelo neofetch, bona umfanekiso weskrini:

Ukuhlela ifayile yoqwalaselo yeWSL /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

khuphela okubhaliweyo kwifestile yomhleli wokubhaliweyo engenanto evulayo:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

Gcina Utshintsho (Ctrl+O), qinisekisa umsebenzi kwaye uphume kumhleli wokubhaliweyo (Ctrl+X).

Kuthunyelwa ngaphandle umfanekiso owenziweyo we-Ubuntu-20.04 kuluhlu esilwenzileyo wsl. Ukwenza oku, kwiSitena seWindows, khetha kwakhona ithebhu yeWindows PowerShell kwaye ufake lo myalelo:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

umfanekiso owenziweyo uya kusinceda ukuba senze ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi yokuqalisa / ukubuyisela kwakhona i-Ubuntu 20.04 emiselweyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, iya kusivumela ukuba siyidlulisele kwenye ikhompyutha ngokulula.

Ukulungiselela iifayile ze-bat kunye neendlela ezimfutshane kwi-Windows desktop

Ukusebenzisa i-Notepad ++ umhleli, yenza iifayile ze-bat (ezifunekayo kwi-OEM-866 encoding yesiphumo esichanekileyo sabalinganiswa besiCyrillic):
Ifayile Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat -yenzelwe ukuzenzekelayo ufakelo lokuqala lomfanekiso owenziweyo we-Ubuntu 20.04 kwikhompyuter enenkqubo esezantsi ye-WSL2 esele iqwalaselwe kunye nomncedisi we-X. Ukuba igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha lahlukile kwezo zichaziweyo kumzekelo, kufuneka wenze utshintsho olufanelekileyo kule fayile ye-bat:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

Ifayile Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat -yenzelwe ukubuyisela umfanekiso olungiselelwe we-Ubuntu 20.04 kwikhompyuter.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

Ifayile Set-default-user.bat - ukuseta umsebenzisi omiselweyo.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

Ifayile Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat Uphehlelelo olululo lwe KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Ifayile Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - indulula iterminal yomzobo ngaphandle kwe KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Kwakhona ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwikhathalogu wsl silungiselela iindlela ezimfutshane ezikhomba kwiifayile ze-bat ezihambelanayo. Emva koko imixholo yoluhlu wsl ujongeka ngoluhlobo:

Izisa i KDE Plasma Desktop

Sijonga ukuba onke amanyathelo okulungiselela agqityiwe, sizama ukuqalisa indlela emfutshane Plasma-desktop. Isicelo segama lokugqitha siyavela, ngenisa igama lokugqitha le akhawunti kwaye ... ifestile iyavala. Kulungile okokuqala. Sizama kwakhona- kwaye sibona ibar yomsebenzi yePlasma ye-KDE eqhelekileyo. Senza ngokwezifiso imbonakalo yebar yomsebenzi, kumzekelo, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukusetyenziswa, indawo yolawulo ihanjiswa kwicala lasekunene lesikrini kwaye ibekwe embindini. Sijonga useto lwendawo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yongeza ulwimi lwesiRashiya:

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sizisa iindlela ezimfutshane zezicelo ezifakiweyo zelinux kwibar yomsebenzi yePlasma ye KDE.

Ukuba i-Ubuntu 20.04 ifuna ukuba uphume kwiakhawunti yakho yomsebenzisi ukuze ufake utshintsho kwiisetingi, okanye kufuneka uqalise kwakhona i-OS, ukwenza oku, kwiWindows Terminal, faka umyalelo:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Ngeleyibhile Plasma-desktop okanye Konsole uyakwazi ukuqhuba i KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Umzekelo, faka nge Konsole Umhleli wemizobo ye-GIMP:

Emva kokuba ukufakela kugqityiwe, baleka ukusuka Konsole Umhleli wemizobo ye-GIMP:

I-GIMP iyasebenza, yile nto bendifuna ukuyijonga.
Kwaye nantsi indlela izicelo ezahlukeneyo zelinux ezisebenza ngayo kwi-KDE Plasma kwi-WSL2:

ibar yomsebenzi yePlasma elungiselelweyo ikwicala lasekunene lekhusi. kunye nevidiyo ekwifestile yeFirefox idlala ngesandi.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungaqwalasela ufikelelo ku-Ubuntu20.04 nge SSH и RDP, ukwenzela oku kufuneka ufakele iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo ngomyalelo:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

Qaphela: ukwenza ufikelelo lokugqitha nge SSH kufuneka uhlele ifayile /etc/ssh/sshd_config, oko kukuthi iparamitha PasswordAuthentication no kufuneka imiselwe PasswordAuthentication yes, gcina utshintsho kwaye uqalise kwakhona Ubuntu20.04.

Ngalo lonke ixesha uqala i-Ubuntu20.04, idilesi ye-ip yangaphakathi iyatshintsha, ngaphambi kokuseta ukufikelela okude, kufuneka ujonge idilesi ye-ip yangoku usebenzisa umyalelo. ip a:

Ngako oko, le dilesi ye-ip kufuneka ifakwe kwiisethingi zeseshoni SSH и RDP ngaphambi kokuqala.
Oku kujongeka njani ukufikelela kude SSH usebenzisa i-MobaXterm:

Kwaye oku kujongeka njani ukufikelela kude RDP:

Ukusebenzisa i-x server vcxsrv endaweni ye-x410

Ukuqaliswa kunye nokusekwa vcxsrv, seta ngononophelo iibhokisi zokukhangela ezifanelekileyo:

Ukugcina ubumbeko obumiselweyo kulawulo wslvcxsrv enegama eliqhelekileyo config.xlaunch.

Ukuhlela iifayile zelulwane Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat ngokwemiyalelo yabo.

Ukuzisa indlela emfutshane Plasma-desktop, kwaye yile nto siyifumanayo:

I KDE Plasma desktop ivala ngokupheleleyo iWindows desktop, ukuswitsha phakathi kweefestile ze linux kunye nee windows izicelo sisebenzisa isitshixo esaziwayo indibaniselwano. Alt+Tab, engafanelekanga kakhulu.
Ukongeza, into engathandekiyo yomncedisi we-X yatyhilwa vcxsrv -iyantlitheka xa uqhuba ezinye izicelo, ngakumbi kwaloo GIMP okanye uMbhali weLibreOffice. Mhlawumbi kufuneka silinde de abaphuhlisi basuse "iibhugi" eziphawulweyo, kodwa oku akuqinisekanga ... Ngoko, ukufumana iziphumo ezamkelekileyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-X Server Microsoft x410.

isiphelo

Okwangoku, kufuneka sihlawule iMicrosoft, imveliso yeWSL2 iye yasebenza kakhulu, kwaye ngokoluvo lwam olungenamava, iphumelele kakhulu. Kwaye ngokokwazi kwam, abaphuhlisi bayaqhubeka "ngokuyigqiba" ngokungqongqo, kwaye mhlawumbi - kunyaka okanye emibini, le nkqubo ingaphantsi iya kubonakala kuyo yonke imisebenzi yayo epheleleyo.

umthombo: www.habr.com