🥇Windows Server okanye Linux-ukusasazwa? Ukukhetha i-OS yeseva

Iinkqubo zokusebenza zingundoqo kushishino lwanamhlanje. Kwelinye icala, zisebenzisa izixhobo zeseva ezixabisekileyo ezinokusetyenziselwa into eluncedo ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, inkqubo yokusebenza isebenza njenge-orchestrator yezicelo zeseva, iguqula i-computing complex enomsebenzi omnye ibe yiplatfomu enomsebenzi omninzi, kwaye iququzelela intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo bonke abachaphazelekayo kunye nehardware. Okwangoku, i-OS ephambili yeseva yi Windows Server + ezininzi Linux-ukusasazwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo nganye yokusebenza inezibonelelo zayo, iingxaki, kunye neendawo zayo zokusetyenziswa. Namhlanje, siza kuxoxa ngokufutshane ngeenkqubo eziza neeseva zethu.

Windows Server

Le nkqubo yokusebenza ithandwa kakhulu kwicandelo leenkampani, nangona uninzi lwabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo beyidibanisa Windows kuphela ngenguqulelo yedesktop yeePC. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi kunye neziseko ezifunekayo ukuyixhasa, iinkampani okwangoku zisebenzisa iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Windows Server, kuqala nge Windows Server Unyaka ka-2003 kwaye uphela ngenguqulelo yamva nje - Windows Server 2019. Sibonelela ngeeseva ngazo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza ezidwelisiweyo, oko kukuthi, Windows Server 2003, 2008 R2, 2016 kunye no-2019.

Windows Server Unyaka ka-2003 usetyenziswa kakhulu ukuxhasa iinkqubo zeenkampani kunye neenethiwekhi ezakhiwe ngokusekelwe Windows XP. Okumangalisayo kukuba, inguqulelo ye-desktop OS yeMicrosoft, eyayekiswayo kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, isasetyenziswa, njengoko uninzi lwesoftware yokuvelisa eyayibhalwe ngenxa yayo ngelo xesha. Oku kuyasebenza nakwi Windows Server 2008 R2 kunye Windows Server 2016 - Zezona zihambelana kakhulu nesoftware endala kodwa esebenzayo kwaye ke ngoko zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje.

Iingenelo eziphambili zeeseva ezilawulwayo Windows — kulula kakhulu ukulawula, ulwazi oluninzi, iincwadana zemiyalelo, kunye nesoftware. Ukongeza, awuyi kukwazi ukulawula ngaphandle kweseva. Windows, ukuba inkqubo yenkampani ibandakanya isoftware okanye izisombululo ezisebenzisa iilayibrari kunye nezinto eziphambili zeenkqubo zeMicrosoft. Itekhnoloji ye-RDP yokufikelela komsebenzisi kwizicelo zeseva kunye nokuguquguquka kwenkqubo nako kunokongezwa apha. Ngaphezu koko, Windows Server inenguqulelo elula ngaphandle kwe-GUI enokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwinqanaba Linux-ukusasazwa — Windows Server Isiseko, malunga nantoni sibhale ngaphambiliZonke iiseva ziphantsi kolawulo Windows Siyinika ilayisenisi esebenzayo (isimahla kubasebenzisi abatsha).

Izinto ezingalunganga zeWinserver ziquka iiparameter ezimbini: iindleko zelayisensi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Phakathi kwazo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza zeseva, Windows Server Inkqubo elambile kakhulu kwimemori ifuna ubuncinci i-processor core enye kunye ne-1.5 ukuya kwi-3 gigabytes ye-RAM ukuze isebenze nje i-kernel kunye neenkonzo ezisemgangathweni. Le nkqubo ayifanelekanga kwiindlela ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi kwaye ikwanazo nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-RDP kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yamaqela kunye nabasebenzisi.

Rhoqo Windows Server yenzelwe ukulawula ii-intranet zenkampani nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesoftware ethile, iidathabheyisi ze-MSSQL, izixhobo ze-ASP.NET okanye ezinye izixhobo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa Windows Isoftware. Nangona kunjalo, iseyi-OS epheleleyo, ekwaziyo ukuqhuba i-routing, i-DNS, okanye nayiphi na enye inkonzo.

Ubuntu

Ubuntu — yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo nezikhula ngokukhawuleza kusapho Linux, yakhululwa okokuqala ngo-2004. Yayikade iyi-"linux yabafazi basekhaya" kwigobolondo leGnome, ngokuhamba kwexesha Ubuntu iye yaba yi-OS yeseva emiselweyo ngenxa yoluntu lwayo olukhulu kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo. Inguqulelo yamva nje edumileyo yi-18.04, kodwa sikwathumela iiseva ezisebenzisa i-16.04, kwaye malunga neveki ephelileyo, ukukhutshwa kwenguqulo 20.04, eyazisa izinto ezininzi ezimnandi.

ukuba Windows Server yasetyenziswa njenge-OS ukuxhasa isoftware ethile nejolise kwiWindows, emva koko Ubuntu njani Linux-distribution imalunga nophuhliso lwe-open source kunye newebhu. Iiseva zeLinux zisetyenziselwa ukubamba iiseva zewebhu kwiNginx okanye kwiApache (ngokungafaniyo neMicrosoft IIS), ukusebenza nePostgreSQL kunye neMySQL, okanye iilwimi ezidumileyo zokubhala. Kwiseva ene Ubuntu Iinkonzo zokulawula umzila kunye neendlela nazo ziya kufaneleka ngokugqibeleleyo.

Iingenelo ziquka ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi kwezixhobo kune Windows Server, kunye nomsebenzi wendalo kunye nekhonsoli kunye nabaphathi beepakeji kuzo zonke iinkqubo ze-Unix. Ukongeza, Ubuntu, ekubeni ekuqaleni yayiyi "desktop home Unix", kulula ukuyisebenzisa, nto leyo eyenza ulawulo lwayo lube lula.

Eyona ngxaki iphambili yi-Unix, nayo yonke into efunekayo. Nokuba Ubuntu kwaye inobuhlobo - kodwa kuphela xa ithelekiswa nabanye Linux-iinkqubo. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza nayo, ingakumbi kulungiselelo lweseva olupheleleyo—oko kukuthi, ngokusebenzisa isiphelo sendlela kuphela—kuya kufuna izakhono ezithile. Ukongeza, Ubuntu Ijolise ngakumbi ekusetyenzisweni komntu kwaye ayisoloko ifanelekile ekusombululeni amatyala eenkampani.

Debian

Into ehlekisayo kukuba Debian - lo nguyise weyona idumileyo nekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili UbuntuUkwakhiwa kokuqala Debian yapapashwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 eyadlulayo - kudala ngo-1994, kwaye yayiyikhowudi Debian yakha isiseko UbuntuKwimeko, Debian yenye yezona zinto zindala kwaye kwangaxeshanye zisasazwa nzima phakathi kosapho Linux-iinkqubo. Nangona zifana zonke Ubuntu, ngokungafaniyo "nendlalifa" yakhe, Debian Ayizange ifikelele kwinqanaba elifanayo lokusebenzisa lula njengeyangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunezibonelelo zako. Debian - ukuguquguquka ngakumbi kune Ubuntu kwaye inokuba phantsi koqwalaselo olunzulu kwaye isombulule ngempumelelo imisebenzi ethile ethile, kuquka leyo yenkampani.

Inzuzo ephambili Debian - ukhuseleko olukhulu kunye nozinzo xa kuthelekiswa Ubuntu kwaye, nangakumbi, kunye WindowsKwaye ewe, njengayo nayiphi na enye Linux-iinkqubo - ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo okuphantsi, ingakumbi ngendlela ye-OS yeseva eqhuba i-terminal. Ukongeza, Debian- uluntu luvulelekile, ngoko ke le nkqubo igxile kakhulu kumsebenzi ochanekileyo nosebenzayo onezisombululo zasimahla.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuguquguquka, ubulukhuni kunye nokhuseleko kuza nexabiso. Debian Iphuhliswa luluntu oluvulelekileyo olungenasiseko sicacileyo ngenkqubo yabaphathi bamasebe, kunye nazo zonke iziphumo ezifunekayo. Ngaxesha lithile, Debian Kukho iinguqulelo ezintathu: ezizinzileyo, ezingazinzanga, kunye novavanyo. Ingxaki kukuba isebe lophuhliso oluzinzileyo lisemva kakhulu kwisebe lovavanyo, oko kuthetha ukuba i-kernel inokuhlala iqulethe iindawo kunye neemodyuli ezindala. Oku kubangela ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-kernel ngesandla okanye ukutshintshela kwisebe lovavanyo ukuba iimfuno zakho zingaphezulu kwamandla enguqulelo ezinzileyo. Debian. Ku Ubuntu Akukho ngxaki ezinjalo ngezikhewu zenguqulelo: abaphuhlisi bakhupha inguqulelo ye-LTS ezinzileyo yenkqubo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.

CentOS

Masigqibezele incoko yethu malunga ne-server OS RUVDS kwi CentOSNgokuchasene nemvelaphi yobukhulu obungaphezulu Ubuntu kwaye, nangakumbi, Debian, CentOS ibukeka ngathi yintsha. Nangona le nkqubo yathandwa ngabantu abaninzi kungekudala, Debian okanye Ubuntu, ukukhululwa kwenguqulelo yayo yokuqala kwenzeke ngexesha elinye ne Ubuntuoko kukuthi, emva phaya ngo-2004.

Ininzi CentOS Isetyenziselwa iiseva ezibonakalayo kuba ayisebenzisi kakhulu izixhobo kune Ubuntu okanye DebianSinikezela ngoqwalaselo olusebenzisa iinguqulelo ezimbini zale OS: CentOS 7.6.1810 nangaphezulu CentOS 7.2.1510. Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa yimisebenzi yenkampani. CentOS — eli libali malunga nomsebenzi. Yayingeyondlela yokusetyenziswa ekhaya, njengoko yayinjalo, umzekelo, kunye Ubuntu, CentOS yaqala yaphuhliswa njengosasazo olufana nolweRedHat olusekelwe kwikhowudi yomthombo ovulekileyo. Yile lifa leRedHat eliyinika CentOS Iingenelo zayo eziphambili kukugxila kwayo ekusombululeni iingxaki zeenkampani, uzinzo, kunye nokhuseleko. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusebenzisa le nkqubo kukusingatha iiwebhusayithi, apho CentOS ibonisa iziphumo ezingcono kunezinye Linux-iziphumo zokusasazwa.

Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ikwanazo nezinye iingxaki. Inomjikelo wophuhliso nohlaziyo olulinganiselweyo ngaphezu kwalowo ufanayo. Ubuntu, kuthetha ukuba ngaxa lithile kuya kufuneka ujongane nobuthathaka okanye imiba esele isonjululwe kwezinye iindawo zokusasazwa. Inkqubo yohlaziyo kunye nokufakwa kwecandelo nayo yahlukile: akukho apt-get, kuphela iipakeji ze-yum kunye ne-RPM. CentOS ayifanelekanga kwaphela ukubamba nokusebenza ngezisombululo zesikhongozeli seDocker/k8s, apho Ubuntu и Debian Ngokucacileyo ingcono kakhulu. Oku kokugqibela kubalulekile, njengoko ukwenziwa kwee-web servers kunye nezicelo ze-virtualization ngokusebenzisa i-containerization kuye kwanda kakhulu kwi-DevOps kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kwaye ewe, CentOS uluntu oluncinci kakhulu xa luthelekiswa noluntu oludumileyo Debian и Ubuntu.

Endaweni yokuvelisa

Njengoko ubona, yonke i-OS ineengenelo kunye neengozi zayo kwaye ine-niche yayo. Iiseva ezisebenza kuyo ziyabonakala. Windows — imeko-bume yeMicrosoft, ngoko ke, inemeko-bume yayo kunye nemithetho yayo yokusebenza.
bonke Linux-ukusasazwa kuyafana ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo, kodwa kuneempawu zazo ezithile kunye nomahluko ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi okhoyo. Ubuntu kulula ukuyisebenzisa, Debian — icwangciswe kakuhle ngakumbi. CentOS Ingasebenza njengendawo yeRedHat ehlawulelwayo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuba ufuna i-OS epheleleyo yenkampani kwi-Unix implementation. Nangona kunjalo, ibuthathaka xa kufikwa kwi-containerization kunye ne-application virtualization. Nokuba kunjalo, ungaqhagamshelana neengcali zethu, kwaye siya kukhetha isisombululo esifanelekileyo kunye noqwalaselo olusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho.