Slack, Signal, Hangouts, Wire, iMessage, Telegram, Facebook Messenger... Kutheni sifuna izicelo ezininzi kangaka ukwenza umsebenzi omnye?
Kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, ababhali beentsomi zesayensi babecinga ngeemoto ezibhabhayo, iikhitshi eziziphekayo ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokukwazi ukubiza nabani na okwiplanethi. Kodwa kancinane bebengazi ukuba siyakuphelela esihogweni sesithunywa, kunye nonikezelo olungapheliyo lweapps ezenzelwe ukuthumela isicatshulwa kumhlobo.
Ukuthumela isicatshulwa kuye kwaba yinto yokuzivocavoca kwengqondo: Lo mhlobo akasebenzisi iMessage, kodwa uya kuphendula ukuba ndithumela umyalezo ku-WhatsApp. Omnye unoWhatsApp, kodwa akaphenduli apho, kuya kufuneka usebenzise iTelegram. Abanye banokufumaneka ngeSiginali, iSMS kunye neFacebook Messenger.
Sangena njani kobu bugxwayiba bemiyalezo xa yonke into yayilula ngaphambili? Kutheni sifuna ikhathalogu epheleleyo yezicelo zokuthumela imiyalezo efuneka kuphela ukunxibelelana nabahlobo?
I-SMS: usetyenziso lokuqala lonxibelelwano
Ngo-2005, ndandikwishumi elivisayo eNew Zealand, iifowuni ezizizidenge zazithandwa, kwaye kwakukho indlela enye yokuthumela imiyalezo kwifowuni yakho: iSMS.
Abathwali belizwe banikezela ngexabiso le-10 leedola zemiyalezo engenamkhawulo, kodwa kungekudala bawafaka kwi-10 emva kokufumanisa ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo baya kuthumela imiyalezo emininzi njengoko bevunyelwe. Sabala ibhalansi yemiyalezo yethu, sathumela amawakawaka emiyalezo ngosuku, saza sazama ukuba singayisebenzisi yonke. Ukufika ku-zero, uzifumene unqanyulwe kwihlabathi, okanye kufuneka uhlawule i-000 yeedola ngomyalezo ukuya ekuqaleni kwenyanga ezayo. Kwaye wonke umntu wayesoloko esophula loo mda, eqokelela amatyala okuthumela iziqwengana zombhalo.
Yonke into yayilula ngoko. Ukuba bendinenombolo yefowuni yomntu, bendinokumthumelela umyalezo. Khange kufuneke ndijonge usetyenziso oluninzi kwaye nditshintshe phakathi kweenkonzo. Yonke imiyalezo yayihlala ndaweni-nye, kwaye yonke into yayilungile. Ukuba bendikwikhompyuter, bendinokusebenzisa i-MSN Messenger okanye i-AIM [masingalibaleki ngokungafanelekanga nge-ICQ / malunga. transl.], kodwa ngamaxesha athile, kwaye yonke into yayisoloko ibuyela kwi-SMS xa ndingu-AFK [hayi kwikhibhodi / malunga. guqulela.].
Kwaye emva koko i-intanethi yangena iifowuni kunye nohlobo olutsha lwee-apps zokuthumela imiyalezo yavela: rhoqo kwi-intanethi, kwifowuni, ngeefoto, amakhonkco kunye nezinye iintlobo zezinto. Kwaye andizange ndihlawule umqhubi we-$ 0,2 ngomyalezo ngamnye ukuba ndikwi-intanethi.
Iziqalo kunye nezigebenga zetekhnoloji zaqala ukulwela ilizwe elitsha elingafakwanga, nto leyo eyakhokelela kumakhulu ee-apps zokuthumela imiyalezo kwiminyaka elandelayo. I-iMessage ifumene ukuthandwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-iPhone e-US, ngokuyinxenye kuba inokubuyela kwiSMS. I-WhatsApp, ngoko yayizimele, yoyisa iYurophu kuba yayigxile kubumfihlo. I-China yangena kwaye yasasaza i-WeChat, apho abasebenzisi baye bakwazi ukwenza yonke into ukusuka ekuthengeni umculo ukufumana iiteksi.
Kuyamangalisa ukuba amagama phantse bonke aba bathunywa batsha ngokukhawuleza baya kuqhelana nawe: Viber, Signal, Telegram, Messenger, Kik, QQ, Snapchat, Skype, njalo njalo. Okona kumangalisa ngakumbi kukuba uya kuba nezininzi zezi zixhobo kwifowuni yakho-ngokuqinisekileyo hayi enye yazo. Akusekho mthunywa omnye kuphela.
EYurophu, le nto iyandicaphukisa mihla le: Ndisebenzisa i-WhatsApp ukunxibelelana nabahlobo baseNetherlands, iTelegram kwabo batshintshele kuyo, uMthunywa nosapho lwam eNew Zealand, iSiginali nabantu abakubuchwephesha, iDiscord ngemidlalo. bahlobo, iMessage nabazali bam kunye nemiyalezo yabucala kuTwitter nabantu endibaziyo kwi-Intanethi.
Amawaka ezizathu ziye zasikhokelela kule meko, kodwa izithunywa ziye zaba luhlobo lwezoo: akukho mntu ungumhlobo omnye komnye, kwaye imiyalezo ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa phakathi kwabathunywa, kuba ngamnye wabo usebenzisa iteknoloji yobunikazi. Iiapps zemiyalezo emidala bezinexhala lokusebenzisana - umz. ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele imiyalezo kwabanye abantu besebenzisa inkqubo efanayo.
Akukho nto inokukhuthaza i-Apple ukuba ivule iprotocol ye-iMessage kwezinye ii-apps-okanye nabasebenzisi be-Android-kuba iya kwenza kube lula kakhulu kubasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe kwii-iPhones. Izithunywa ziye zaba ziisimboli zesoftware evaliweyo, isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulawula abasebenzisi: kunzima ukubanikezela xa bonke abahlobo bakho bezisebenzisa.
Inkonzo yomyalezo omfutshane, i-SMS, nangona zonke iintsilelo zayo, yayiyiqonga elivulekileyo. Njenge-imeyile namhlanje, iSMS isebenze kuyo yonke indawo, nokuba sisiphi isixhobo okanye umnikezeli. Ii-ISPs zisenokuba ziyibulele inkonzo ngokubiza ixabiso eliphakamileyo kakhulu, kodwa ndiyayikhumbula iSMS ngenxa yokuba βisebenze njeβ kwaye yayiyindlela enye, ethembekileyo yokuthumela umyalezo nakubani na.
Kusekho ithemba elincinci
Ukuba i-Facebook iyaphumelela, oko kunokutshintsha: I-New York Times ibike ngoJanuwari ukuba inkampani yayisebenza ukudibanisa uMthunywa, i-Instagram kunye ne-WhatsApp kwi-backend enye ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuthumelana ngaphandle kokutshintsha. Ngelixa oku kukhangeleka kunomtsalane kumphezulu, ayisiyiyo le nto ndiyifunayo: i-Instagram intle kuba yahlukile, njenge-WhatsApp, kwaye ukudibanisa ezi zimbini kuya kunika uFacebook umbono opheleleyo wemikhwa yam.
Kwakhona, inkqubo enjalo iya kuba yinto ekujoliswe kuyo enkulu: ukuba bonke abathunywa baqokelelwa kwindawo enye, ngoko abahlaseli baya kufuneka baqhekeze omnye wabo ukuze bafumane yonke into ngawe. Abanye abasebenzisi abaqaphela ukhuseleko batshintsha ngabom phakathi kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo, bekholelwa ukuba iincoko zabo zinzima kakhulu ukulandela umkhondo ukuba zahlulwe zibe ngamajelo amaninzi.
Kukho ezinye iiprojekthi zokuvuselela iinkqubo zokuthumela imiyalezo ezivulekileyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo (RCS) iyaqhubeka nelifa le-SMS, kwaye isanda kufumana inkxaso kubaqhubi kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo emhlabeni jikelele. I-RCS izisa zonke iimpawu ezizithandayo ze-iMessage kwiqonga elivulekileyo - izikhombisi zokufowunela umnxeba, imifanekiso, amanani e-intanethi - ngoko inokuphunyezwa nguye nawuphi na umenzi okanye umqhubi.
Nangona i-Google iwuphakamisa ngenkuthalo lo mgangatho kwaye idibanisa kwi-Android, i-RCS iye yacotha ukufumana i-traction kwaye ifumene iingxaki zokulibazisa ukwamkelwa kwayo ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Apple yala ukuyongeza kwi-iPhone. Umgangatho ufumene inkxaso kubadlali abakhulu abanjengoGoogle, Microsoft, Samsung, Huawei, HTC, ASUS njalo njalo, kodwa uApple uhlala ethe cwaka - mhlawumbi esoyika ukulahleka kwesibheno seMessage. I-RCS nayo ixhomekeke kwinkxaso yabaqhubi bayo, kodwa iyancipha, kuba iya kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kwiziseko zophuhliso.
Kodwa inyani engathandekiyo yeyokuba lo mbhodamo awunakwenzeka ukuba ulungiswe nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala. Ngokungafaniyo nobuninzi becandelo le-tech, apho abadlali abakufutshane-abanobumbano baye bathatha ulawulo-i-Google ekukhangeleni, umzekelo, kunye ne-Facebook kumajelo asekuhlaleni-umyalezo awukalawulwa. Ngokwembali, bekunzima kakhulu ukufumana imonopoly kwimiyalezo kuba intsimi yahlulahlulwe kakhulu kwaye ukutshintsha phakathi kweenkonzo kuyakhathaza kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-Facebook, ngokulawula iinkonzo ezininzi zemiyalezo emikhulu, izama ngokucacileyo ukubamba le ndawo ukuze abasebenzisi bangayishiyi kwaphela.
Okwangoku, kukho isisombululo esinye sokwenza ubomi bube lula: usetyenziso olunje ΠΈ beka bonke abathunywa kwifestile enye ukwenza utshintsho phakathi kwabo ngokukhawuleza.
Kodwa ekugqibeleni, yonke into ihlala ifana kwifowuni: sinekhathalogu epheleleyo yabathunywa, kwaye akukho ndlela yokwenza lula yonke into ibe nye. Ukhetho oluninzi kulo mmandla lulungele ukhuphiswano, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha ndijonga ifowuni yam, kufuneka ndenze ubalo lwengqondo endilwenzileyo malunga neshumi leminyaka: Yeyiphi i-app ekufuneka ndikhethe ukuyibhalela umhlobo?
umthombo: www.habr.com