Xa isicelo singasebenzi, into yokugqibela ofuna ukuyiva koogxa bakho libinzana elithi “ingxaki ikwicala lakho.” Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzisi bayahlupheka - kwaye abakhathaleli ukuba yeyiphi inxalenye yeqela elijongene nokuqhekeka. Inkcubeko ye-DevOps yavela ngokuchanekileyo ukuzisa uphuhliso kunye nenkxaso kunye malunga noxanduva olwabelwanayo lwemveliso yokugqibela.
Zeziphi izenzo ezibandakanyiweyo kumbono weDevOps kwaye kutheni zifuneka? Zenza ntoni iinjineli zeDevOps kwaye kufuneka zikwazi ukwenza ntoni? Iingcali ezivela kwi-EPAM ziphendula le mibuzo kunye neminye: uKirill Sergeev, injineli yeenkqubo kunye nomshumayeli we-DevOps, kunye no-Igor Boyko, injineli yeenkqubo eziphambili kunye nomququzeleli welinye lamaqela e-DevOps yenkampani.
Kutheni i-DevOps ifuneka?
Ngaphambili, bekukho umqobo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi kunye nenkxaso (ebizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi). Kuvakala ukuba i-paradoxical, kodwa babeneenjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-KPIs, nangona babesenza into efanayo. Injongo yophuhliso yayikukuzalisekisa iimfuno zeshishini ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukongeza kwimveliso esebenzayo. Inkxaso yayinoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sisebenza ngokuzinzileyo - kwaye naluphi na utshintsho lubeka uzinzo emngciphekweni. Kukho ukungqubana komdla-i-DevOps ibonakale ukuyisombulula.
Yintoni i-DevOps?
Ngumbuzo olungileyo-kunye noyimpikiswano: umhlaba awukavumi ekugqibeleni malunga noku. I-EPAM ikholelwa ukuba i-DevOps idibanisa iteknoloji, iinkqubo kunye nenkcubeko yokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kweqela. Lo mbutho ujolise ekuhambiseni ixabiso ngokuqhubekayo kubasebenzisi bokugqibela.
Kirill Sergeev: “Abaphuhlisi babhala ikhowudi, abavavanyi bayayiphonononga, kwaye abalawuli bathumela imveliso yokugqibela kwimveliso. Kangangexesha elide, ezi nxalenye zeqela zathi saa ngandlel’ ithile, kwaza kwavela ingcamango yokubahlanganisa ngenkqubo efanayo. Le yindlela ezivele ngayo iinkqubo zeDevOps. ”
Yafika imini apho abaphuhlisi kunye neenjineli zenkqubo baba nomdla kumsebenzi womnye nomnye. Umqobo phakathi kwemveliso kunye nenkxaso waqala ukunyamalala. Yile ndlela i-DevOps yavela ngayo, equka izenzo, inkcubeko kunye nokusebenzisana kweqela.
Yintoni undoqo wenkcubeko ye-DevOps?
Inyani kukuba uxanduva lwesiphumo sokugqibela lulele kwilungu ngalinye leqela. Eyona nto inomdla kwaye inzima kwifilosofi ye-DevOps kukuqonda ukuba umntu othile akayena nje uxanduva lwenqanaba lakhe lomsebenzi, kodwa unoxanduva lwendlela yonke imveliso eya kusebenza ngayo. Ingxaki ayikho kwicala lamntu – kuyabelwana, kwaye ilungu ngalinye leqela liyanceda ukuyisombulula.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko ye-DevOps kukusombulula ingxaki, kungekhona nje ukusebenzisa izenzo ze-DevOps. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zenzo aziphunyezwa "kwicala lomntu", kodwa kuyo yonke imveliso. Iprojekthi ayifuni injineli ye-DevOps nganye - idinga isisombululo kwingxaki, kwaye indima yenjineli ye-DevOps inokusasazwa phakathi kwamalungu eqela ahlukeneyo ngobuchule obahlukileyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo zezenzo ze-DevOps?
Iinkqubo zeDevOps zigubungela zonke izigaba zomjikelo wobomi besoftware.
Igor Boyko: “Eyona meko ifanelekileyo kuxa siqala ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zeDevOps kanye ekuqalisweni kweprojekthi. Kanye kunye nabakhi bezakhiwo, sicwangcisa ukuba luhlobo luni lomhlaba wokwakha isicelo esiya kuba nawo, apho siya kuba khona kunye nendlela yokulinganisa, kwaye ukhethe iqonga. Kule mihla, uyilo lwe-microservice lusefashonini - kuba sikhetha inkqubo ye-orchestration: kufuneka ukwazi ukulawula into nganye yesicelo ngokwahlukileyo kwaye uyihlaziye ngokuzimeleyo kwabanye. Olunye uqheliselo lu "infrastructure as code." Eli ligama lendlela apho isiseko seprojekthi sidalwa kwaye silawulwa kusetyenziswa ikhowudi, kunokuba ngokusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye neeseva.
Okulandelayo siqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lophuhliso. Enye yezona zenzo ezinkulu apha kukwakha i-CI / CD: kufuneka uncede abaphuhlisi badibanise utshintsho kwimveliso ngokukhawuleza, kwiindawo ezincinci, rhoqo kwaye zibuhlungu. I-CI / CD ihlanganisa ukuphononongwa kwekhowudi, ukulayisha inkosi kwisiseko sekhowudi, kunye nokuhambisa isicelo sokuvavanya kunye neendawo zokuvelisa.
Kwizigaba zeCI / CD, ikhowudi idlula kumasango asemgangathweni. Ngoncedo lwabo, bajonga ukuba ikhowudi ephuma kwindawo yokusebenza yomphuhlisi idibana nemigangatho echaziweyo yomgangatho. Iyunithi kunye novavanyo lwe-UI yongezwa apha. Ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza, okungenabuhlungu kunye nokugxila, unokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lokuthunyelwa.
Abasebenzi be-DevOps nabo banendawo kwinqanaba lokuxhasa imveliso egqityiweyo. Zisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso, impendulo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokwazisa utshintsho. I-DevOps ijonga yonke le misebenzi ukusuka kumbono wokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Siyinciphisa imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kwaye siyenze ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kuquka ukufuduka, ukwandiswa kwezicelo, kunye nenkxaso yokusebenza. "
Ziziphi iingenelo ze-DevOps practice?
Ukuba besibhala incwadi yesifundo kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zeDevOps, bekuya kuba namanqaku amathathu kwiphepha lokuqala: i-automation, ukukhawuleza ukukhutshwa, kunye nempendulo ekhawulezayo evela kubasebenzisi.
Kirill Sergeev: “Into yokuqala kukuzitshintsha. Sinokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo zonke intsebenziswano kwiqela: wabhala ikhowudi - yaqengqeleka - yahlola - yayifaka - iqokelele ingxelo - ibuyiselwe ekuqaleni. Konke oku kuyazenzekela.
Okwesibini kukukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokwenza lula uphuhliso. Kuhlala kubalulekile kumthengi ukuba imveliso ingena kwimarike ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqala ukubonelela ngeenzuzo ngaphambi kokuba i-analogues yokhuphiswano. Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwemveliso inokuphuculwa ngokungapheliyo: ukunciphisa ixesha, ukongeza amanqaku okulawula okongezelelweyo, ukuphucula ukubeka iliso.
Okwesithathu kukukhawuleza kwengxelo yomsebenzisi. Ukuba unezimvo, sinokwenza uhlengahlengiso kwangoko kwaye sihlaziye isicelo kwangoko. ”
Iingqikelelo "zenjineli yeenkqubo", "injineli yokwakha" kunye ne "DevOps injineli" zinxulumana njani?
Ziyadibana, kodwa zezemimandla eyahlukileyo kancinci.
Iinjineli zeenkqubo kwi-EPAM sisikhundla. Baza kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo: ukusuka komncinci ukuya kwingcali eyintloko.
Injineli yokwakha ingaphezulu kwendima enokwenziwa kwiprojekthi. Ngoku yile nto ibizwa ngokuba ngabantu abanoxanduva lweCI/CD.
Injineli ye-DevOps yingcali eyenza izenzo ze-DevOps kwiprojekthi.
Ukuba siyishwankathela yonke into, sifumana into enje: umntu okwisikhundla sobunjineli beenkqubo udlala indima yonjiniyela wokwakha kwiprojekthi kwaye ubandakanyeka ekuphunyezweni kwezenzo ze-DevOps apho.
Yintoni kanye eyenza injineli yeDevOps?
Iinjineli ze-DevOps zidibanisa zonke iziqwenga ezenza iprojekthi. Bayayazi into ecacileyo yomsebenzi wabadwelisi benkqubo, abavavanyi, abalawuli benkqubo kunye nokunceda ukwenza lula umsebenzi wabo. Bayaziqonda iimfuno kunye neemfuno zeshishini, indima yalo kwinkqubo yophuhliso - kunye nokwakha inkqubo ethathela ingqalelo iimfuno zomthengi.
Sithethe kakhulu malunga ne-automation - yile nto iinjineli ze-DevOps zijongana nayo kuqala naphambili. Le yinto enkulu kakhulu, ethi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ibandakanya ukulungiselela indawo engqongileyo.
Kirill Sergeev: “Ngaphambi kokuphumeza uhlaziyo kwimveliso, kufuneka zivavanywe kwindawo yomntu wesithathu. Ilungiselelwe ziinjineli ze-DevOps. Bafaka inkcubeko ye-DevOps kwiprojekthi ngokubanzi: bazisa izenzo ze-DevOps kuzo zonke iileya zeeprojekthi zabo. Le migaqo mithathu: ukuzenzela, ukwenza lula, ukukhawulezisa-bazisa naphi na apho banokufikelela khona.
Yintoni ekufuneka yazi injineli yeDevOps?
Ngokubanzi, kufuneka abe nolwazi oluvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: inkqubo, ukusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza, i-database, indibano kunye neenkqubo zokucwangcisa. Ezi zincediswa ngokukwazi ukusebenza kunye neziseko zelifu, i-orchestration kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso.
1. Iilwimi zokucwangcisa
Iinjineli ze-DevOps ziyazazi iilwimi ezininzi ezisisiseko zokuzenzekela kwaye, umzekelo, zinokuxelela umdwebi wenkqubo: “Kuthekani malunga nokufaka ikhowudi kungengasandla, kodwa usebenzisa iskripthi sethu, esenza yonke into izenzekele? Siza kuyilungiselela ifayile yoqwalaselo, iya kuba lula ukuba thina kunye nawe siyifunde, kwaye siya kukwazi ukuyitshintsha nangaliphi na ixesha. Siza kubona ukuba ngubani, nini kwaye kutheni enze utshintsho kuyo. "
Injineli yeDevOps inokufunda olunye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi lwimi: iPython, iGroovy, iBash, iPowershell, iRuby, iGo. Akuyimfuneko ukuzazi kwinqanaba elinzulu - iziseko ze-syntax, imigaqo ye-OOP, kunye nokukwazi ukubhala izikripthi ezilula zokuzenzekelayo zanele.
2. Iinkqubo zokusebenza
Injineli ye-DevOps kufuneka iqonde ukuba yeyiphi iseva imveliso eya kufakwa kuyo, yeyiphi indawo eya kuqhuba kuyo, kwaye yeyiphi inkonzo eya kusebenzisana nayo. Unokukhetha ukwenza ngakumbi kwiWindows okanye kusapho lweLinux.
3. Iinkqubo zolawulo lwenguqulelo
Ngaphandle kolwazi lwenkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo, injineli yeDevOps ayikho ndawo. I-Git yenye yezona nkqubo zidumileyo okwangoku.
4. ababoneleli Cloud
I-AWS, uGoogle, iAzure- ngakumbi ukuba sithetha malunga nesalathiso seWindows.
Kirill Sergeev: “Ababoneleli ngamafu basinika iiseva ezibonakalayo ezingena ngokugqibeleleyo kwiCI/CD.
Ukufakela iiseva zenyama ezilishumi kufuna malunga nekhulu lemisebenzi yezandla. Umncedisi ngamnye kufuneka asungulwe ngesandla, afakwe kwaye aqwalaselwe inkqubo yokusebenza efunekayo, ifakele usetyenziso lwethu kwezi seva zilishumi, ize ijongwe kabini yonke into kalishumi. Iinkonzo zamafu zithatha indawo yale nkqubo ngemigca elishumi yekhowudi, kwaye injineli elungileyo ye-DevOps kufuneka ikwazi ukusebenza kunye nabo. Oku konga ixesha, umzamo kunye nemali - kumthengi nakwinkampani. "
5. Iinkqubo zeOkhestra: Docker kunye neKubernetes
Kirill Sergeev: “Iiseva ezizizo zahlulwe ngokwezikhongozeli, kwindawo nganye apho sinokufaka isicelo sethu. Xa kukho izikhongozeli ezininzi, kufuneka uzilawule: vula enye, cima enye, wenze ii-backups kwenye indawo. Oku kuba nzima kwaye kufuna inkqubo yeokhestra.
Ngaphambili, isicelo ngasinye sasiphathwa ngumncedisi owahlukileyo - naluphi na utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwayo kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesicelo. Enkosi kwizikhongozeli, izicelo ziba zodwa kwaye ziqhube ngokwahlukeneyo - nganye kumatshini wayo wenyani. Ukuba ukusilela kwenzeka, akukho mfuneko yokuchitha ixesha ukukhangela unobangela. Kulula ukutshabalalisa isitya esidala kwaye wongeze esitsha. ”
6. Iinkqubo zokucwangcisa: I-Chef, i-Ansible, i-Puppet
Xa ufuna ukugcina iqela elipheleleyo leeseva, kufuneka wenze okuninzi kohlobo olufanayo lwemisebenzi. Ide kwaye inzima, kwaye umsebenzi wezandla ukwanyusa ithuba lempazamo. Apha kulapho iinkqubo zoqwalaselo ziza kuhlangula. Ngoncedo lwabo, benza iskripthi ekulula ukusifunda kubaprogram, iinjineli zeDevOps, kunye nabalawuli benkqubo. Le script inceda ukwenza imisebenzi efanayo kwiiseva ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kunciphisa imisebenzi yezandla (kwaye ke iimpazamo).
Loluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi unokwakha injineli yeDevOps?
Ungaphuhlisa zombini ngokuthe tye kwaye ngokuthe nkqo.
Igor Boyko: “Ngokwembono yophuhliso oluthe tye, iinjineli zeDevOps ngoku zinawona mathemba abanzi. Yonke into ihlala iguquka, kwaye unokwakha izakhono kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokulawula inguqulelo ukuya ekubekweni iliso, ukusuka kulawulo lokucwangciswa kogcino-lwazi.
Unokuba ngumyili wenkqubo ukuba umqeshwa unomdla wokuqonda ukuba isicelo sisebenza njani kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelo wobomi baso - ukusuka kuphuhliso ukuya kwinkxaso.
Unokuba yinjineli yeDevOps njani?
- Funda iProjekthi yasePhoenix kunye ne-DevOps Handbook. Ezi ziintsika zangempela zefilosofi ye-DevOps, kunye neyokuqala ibe ngumsebenzi wentsomi.
- Funda itekhnoloji kolu luhlu lungasentla: ngokwakho okanye ngezifundo ze-intanethi.
- Joyina njengenjineli ye-DevOps yeprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo.
- Ziqhelanise kwaye unikeze iinkqubo zeDevOps kwiiprojekthi zakho zobuqu kunye nomsebenzi.
umthombo: www.habr.com