Kutheni iipakethi zinokulahleka kwi-LAN? Kukho iinketho ezahlukeneyo: ugcino lucwangciswe ngokungalunganga, inethwekhi ayikwazi ukujamelana nomthwalo, okanye i-LAN "isivunguvungu". Kodwa isizathu asihlali silele kumaleko womnatha.
Inkampani i-Arktek LLC yenza iinkqubo zokulawula inkqubo ezizenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokujonga ividiyo kwimigodi ye-Rasvumchorrsky ye-Apatit JSC esekelwe .
Bekukho iingxaki kwindawo enye yenethiwekhi. Phakathi kokutshintsha kweFL SWITCH 3012E-2FX - kunye neFL SWITCH 3006T-2FX - ijelo lonxibelelwano belingazinzanga ngokugqithisileyo.
Izixhobo zixhunywe ngentambo yobhedu ebekwe kumjelo omnye kwintambo yamandla ye-6 kV. Intambo yamandla yenza intsimi eyomeleleyo ye-electromagnetic, ebangela ukuphazamiseka. Ukutshintsha kwemizi-mveliso eqhelekileyo ayinayo i-immunity eyaneleyo yengxolo, ngoko ke enye idatha yalahleka.
Xa iiswitshi zeFL SWITCH 3012E-2FX zafakwa kuzo zozibini iziphelo - , umdibaniso uzinzile. Olu tshintsho luhambelana ne-IEC 61850-3. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iCandelo lesi-3 lalo mgangatho lichaza iimfuno zokuhambelana kombane (i-EMC) kwizixhobo ezifakwe kwizityalo zamandla ombane kunye nezikhululo ezincinci.
Kutheni utshintsho oluphuculweyo lwe-EMC luqhube ngcono?
I-EMC - izibonelelo ngokubanzi
Kuvela ukuba ukuzinza kokuhanjiswa kwedatha kwi-LAN akuchatshazelwa kuphela ngokucwangciswa okuchanekileyo kwezixhobo kunye nenani ledatha edluliselweyo. Iipakethi eziwisiweyo okanye umtshini owaphukileyo unokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic: unomathotholo owawusetyenziswa kufuphi nesixhobo sothungelwano, intambo yamandla ebekwe kufutshane, okanye umbane ovula isekethe ngexesha elifutshane.
Irediyo, intambo kunye neswitshi yimithombo yokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Iiswitshi eziphuculweyo ze-Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze ngokuqhelekileyo xa zisesichengeni solu phazamiso.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic: inductive kunye neqhutywa.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-inductive kudluliselwa kwintsimi ye-electromagnetic "ngomoya". Olu phazamiso lukwabizwa ngokuba lungenelelo olusasazwayo okanye olunemitha.
Ukuphazamiseka okwenziwayo kudluliselwa ngabaqhubi: iingcingo, umhlaba, njl.
Uphazamiseko lwe-inductive lwenzeka xa luvezwe kwi-electromagnetic okanye imagnethi enamandla. Ukuphazamiseka okwenziwayo kunokubangelwa ukutshintshwa kweesekethe zangoku, ukubetha kombane, iipulses, njl.
Iiswitshi, njengazo zonke izixhobo, zinokuchatshazelwa zizo zombini ingxolo ye-inductive kunye neqhutywayo.
Makhe sijonge kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yokuphazamiseka kwindawo yoshishino, kwaye luhlobo luni lokuphazamiseka abaludalayo.
Imithombo yokuphazamiseka
Izixhobo ezikhupha unomathotholo (i-walkie-talkies, iiselfowuni eziphathwayo, izixhobo zokuwelda, iziko lokuqhelanisa, njl.njl.)
Nasiphi na isixhobo sikhupha indawo ye-electromagnetic. Lo mmandla we-electromagnetic uchaphazela izixhobo zombini ngokuzenzekela nangokuqhutywayo.
Ukuba intsimi yenziwe yomelele ngokwaneleyo, inokudala i-current in conductor, eya kuphazamisa inkqubo yokuhambisa umqondiso. Ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekuvaleni izixhobo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-inductive effect ibonakala.
Abasebenzi abasebenzayo kunye neenkonzo zokhuseleko zisebenzisa iiselfowuni kunye nee-walkie-talkies ukunxibelelana omnye nomnye. Izixhobo zokusasaza zikanomathotholo nomabonakude ezimileyo zisebenza kumaziko eBluetooth neWiFi afakelweyo kufakelo oluphathwayo.
Zonke ezi zixhobo zizijenereyitha ze-electromagnetic field ezinamandla. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza ngokwesiqhelo kwindawo yemizi-mveliso, iiswitshi kufuneka zikwazi ukunyamezela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.
Imekobume ye-electromagnetic imiselwa ngamandla entsimi ye-electromagnetic.
Xa uvavanya ukutshintshela ukuchasana nemiphumo ye-inductive ye-electromagnetic fields, intsimi ye-10 V / m ifakwe kwi-switch. Kule meko, utshintsho kufuneka lusebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Naziphi na iiconductors ezingaphakathi kwiswitshi, kunye nazo naziphi na iintambo, zifumana ii-eriyali ezingenakwenziwa. Izixhobo ezikhupha unomathotholo zinokubangela uphazamiseko oluqhutywayo lwe-electromagnetic kuluhlu lwamaza omoya ukusuka kwi-150 Hz ukuya kuma-80 MHz. Indawo ye-electromagnetic ibangela amandla ombane kwezi conductor. La mandla ombane nawo abangela imisinga, eyenza ingxolo kwiswitshi.
Ukuvavanya utshintsho lwe-EMI yokugonywa, amandla ombane asetyenziswa kumazibuko edatha kunye namazibuko ombane. I-GOST R 51317.4.6-99 ibeka ixabiso le-voltage ye-10 V kwizinga eliphezulu lemitha ye-electromagnetic. Kule meko, utshintsho kufuneka lusebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Okwangoku kwiintambo zamandla, iintambo zombane, iisekethe zokumisa
Ikhoyo ngoku kwiintambo zamandla, iintambo zombane, kunye neesekethe zokumisa isiseko zenza imagnethi ye-industrial frequency (50 Hz). Ukubonakaliswa kwintsimi yamagnetic kudala i-current kumqhubi ovaliweyo, okuphazamisayo.
Amandla ombane wemagnethi ahlulwe abe:
- ummandla wamagnetic wokuqina kunye nokuqina okuphantsi okubangelwa yimisinga phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza;
- intsimi yamagnetic enobungakanani obuphezulu obubangelwa yimisinga phantsi kweemeko ezingxamisekileyo, esebenza ixesha elifutshane de izixhobo ziqhutywe.
Xa uvavanyo lutshintshela ukuzinza kokuvezwa kwintsimi yamagnetic yamandla-frequency, intsimi ye-100 A / m isetyenziswe kuyo ixesha elide kunye ne-1000 A / m ixesha le-3 s. Xa kuvavanywa, ukutshintshwa kufuneka kusebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuthelekisa, i-oven ye-microwave yesiqhelo yasekhaya yenza amandla ombane afikelela kwi-10 A/m.
Ukubetha kombane, iimeko ezingxamisekileyo kwiinethiwekhi zombane
Ukubetha kombane kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwizixhobo zenethiwekhi. Abahlali ixesha elide, kodwa ubukhulu babo bunokufikelela kumawaka amaninzi e-volts. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kubizwa ngokuba yi-pulsed.
Ingxolo ye-Pulse inokusetyenziswa kuzo zombini izibuko zamandla zokutshintsha kunye nedatha yedatha. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lokugqithiswa, banokuphazamisa zombini ukusebenza kwezixhobo kwaye batshise ngokupheleleyo.
Ukubetha kombane yimeko ekhethekileyo yengxolo yempembelelo. Inokuthi ihlelwe njengengxolo ye-microsecond pulse yamandla aphezulu.
Umbane wombane unokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo: ukubetha kombane kwisiphaluka sangaphandle sombane, ukubetha ngokungathanga ngqo, ukubetha emhlabeni.
Xa umbane ubetha isiphaluka se-voltage yangaphandle, ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhamba kombane omkhulu wokukhupha ngokujikeleza kwangaphandle kunye nesiphaluka sokumisa.
Umbane ongathanga ngqo uthathwa njengokuphuma kombane phakathi kwamafu. Ngexesha leempembelelo ezinjalo, amasimi e-electromagnetic ayenziwa. Bafaka amandla ombane okanye imisinga kwii-conductor zenkqubo yombane. Yiloo nto ebangela ukuphazamiseka.
Xa umbane ubetha emhlabeni, umsinga uqukuqela emhlabeni. Inokwenza umahluko onokuthi ubekho kwinkqubo yokumisa isithuthi.
Ngokuchanekileyo ukuphazamiseka okufanayo kudalwa ngokutshintsha iibhanki ze-capacitor. Ukutshintsha okunjalo yinkqubo yokutshintsha okwethutyana. Zonke izinto ezitshintshayo zibangela ingxolo ye-microsecond impulse yamandla aphezulu.
Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumbane okanye lwangoku xa izixhobo ezikhuselayo zisebenza zinokubangela ingxolo ye-microsecond pulse kwiisekethe zangaphakathi.
Ukuvavanya ukutshintshela ukuxhathisa kwingxolo ye-pulse, iijeneretha ezikhethekileyo zokuvavanya i-pulse zisetyenziswa. Umzekelo, i-UCS 500N5. Le generator ibonelela ngee-pulses zeeparameters ezahlukeneyo kumazibuko okutshintsha phantsi kovavanyo. Iiparamitha ze-Pulse zixhomekeke kwiimvavanyo ezenziweyo. Zinokwahluka kwimilo ye-pulse, ukuchasana kwemveliso, i-voltage, kunye nexesha lokuvezwa.
Ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-microsecond pulse immunity, ii-2 kV pulses zisetyenziswa kumazibuko ombane. Kwizibuko zedatha - 4 kV. Ngethuba lo vavanyo, kucingelwa ukuba umsebenzi unokuphazamiseka, kodwa emva kokuba ukuphazamiseka kunyamalale, kuya kubuyiselwa ngokwawo.
Ukutshintsha imithwalo esebenzayo, "ukubetha" abafowunelwa berelay, ukutshintsha xa kulungiswa umsinga otshintshayo
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha zinokuthi zenzeke kwinkqubo yombane: ukuphazamiseka kwemithwalo ye-inductive, ukuvulwa kwabafowunelwa be-relay, njl.
Ezo nkqubo zokutshintsha zikwadala ingxolo yokucinga. Ubude babo bususela kwi-nanosecond enye ukuya kwi-microsecond enye. Loo ngxolo ibizwa ngokuba yi-nanosecond impulse ingxolo.
Ukwenza iimvavanyo, ukuqhuma kwee-nanosecond pulses kuthunyelwa kwiiswitshi. Ii-Pulses zinikezelwa kumazibuko ombane kunye namazibuko edatha.
Izibuko zamandla zibonelelwa nge-2 kV pulses, kwaye izibuko zedatha zibonelelwa nge-4 kV pulses.
Ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwengxolo ye-nanosecond, utshintsho kufuneka lusebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Ingxolo evela kwimizi-mveliso yombane, izihluzi kunye neentambo
Ukuba iswitshi ifakelwe kufutshane neenkqubo zokusasaza amandla okanye izixhobo zombane zombane, umbane ongalungelelananga unokungeniswa kuwo. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kubizwa ngokuba yi-electromagnetic interference.
Eyona mithombo yophazamiso luqhutywayo yile:
- iinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla, kuquka i-DC kunye ne-50 Hz;
- izixhobo zombane zombane.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yokuphazamiseka, zihlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini:
- I-voltage eqhubekayo kunye ne-voltage ene-frequency ye-50 Hz. Iisekethe ezimfutshane kunye nezinye iziphazamiso kwiinkqubo zokusasaza zivelisa ukuphazamiseka kwinqanaba elisisiseko;
- i-voltage kwi-frequency band ukusuka kwi-15 Hz ukuya kwi-150 kHz. Uphazamiso olunjalo ludla ngokuveliswa ziinkqubo zombane zamandla.
Ukuvavanya utshintsho, amandla kunye nedatha yedatha inikwe amandla ombane we-rms we-30V ngokuqhubekayo kunye nombane we-rms we-300V kwi-1 s. La maxabiso ombane ahambelana nenqanaba eliphezulu lobunzima bovavanyo lweGOST.
Isixhobo kufuneka simelane neempembelelo ezinjalo ukuba zifakwe kwindawo erhabaxa ye-electromagnetic. Ibonakaliswa ngu:
- izixhobo eziphantsi kovavanyo ziya kudityaniswa kuthungelwano lombane oluphantsi-voltage kunye nemigca ye-voltage ephakathi;
- izixhobo ziya kudityaniswa kwinkqubo yokumisa izixhobo eziphezulu zombane;
- iziguquli zamandla zisetyenziselwa ukufaka imisinga ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokumisa.
Iimeko ezifanayo zinokufumaneka kwizikhululo okanye kwizitishi.
Ukulungiswa kombane we-AC xa utshaja iibhetri
Emva kokulungiswa, i-voltage ephumayo ihlala ibetha. Oko kukuthi, amaxabiso ombane atshintsha ngokungenamkhethe okanye ngamaxesha athile.
Ukuba iiswitshi zinikwe amandla ombane we-DC, i-voltage ripples enkulu inokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo.
Njengomthetho, zonke iinkqubo zanamhlanje zisebenzisa izihlungi ezikhethekileyo ezichasene ne-aliasing kunye nenqanaba le-ripple aliphezulu. Kodwa imeko iyatshintsha xa iibhetri zifakwe kwinkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla. Xa utshaja iibhetri, i-ripple iyanda.
Ngoko ke, ukubakho kokuphazamiseka okunjalo kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo.
isiphelo
Ukutshintsha okuphuculweyo okuhambelana ne-electromagnetic kukuvumela ukuba udlulise idatha kwindawo erhabaxa ye-electromagnetic. Kumzekelo womgodi we-Rasvumchorr ekuqaleni kwenqaku, intambo yedatha ibonakaliswe kwindawo enamandla ye-industrial frequency magnetic field kwaye yenza ukuphazamiseka kwi-frequency band ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-150 kHz. Ukutshintsha kwezoshishino eziqhelekileyo akukwazanga ukujamelana nokuhanjiswa kwedatha phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo kwaye iipakethi zalahleka.
Iiswitshi ezinokuphuculwa kokuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic zinokusebenza ngokupheleleyo xa zivezwe kolu phazamiseko lulandelayo:
- imimandla yerediyo ye-electromagnetic;
- imihlaba yemagnethi yeshishini;
- ingxolo ye-nanosecond impulse;
- ingxolo ye-high-energy microsecond pulse;
- kwenziwe uphazamiseko olubangelwa yiradio frequency electromagnetic field;
- kuqhutywe ukuphazamiseka kwi-frequency range ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-150 kHz;
- Unikezelo lwamandla ombane lwe-DC ripple.
umthombo: www.habr.com