Molweni nonke. Ngobusuku bokuqala kweqela elitsha lekhosi Sipapasha imathiriyeli eluncedo ebhalwe ngumfundi wethu, kunye nomcebisi wekhosi, ingcaphephe yenkxaso yobugcisa kwiimveliso zeshishini le-REG.RU - Roman Travin.
Eli nqaku liza kuthathela ingqalelo iimeko ezi-2 zokutshintsha iidiski kunye nokudlulisa ulwazi kwiidiski ezintsha zomthamo omkhulu kunye nokwandiswa okungaphezulu koluhlu kunye nenkqubo yefayile. Imeko yokuqala iya kuchaphazela ukutshintshwa kweediski nge-MBR/MBR efanayo okanye i-GPT/GPT yokwahlulahlula, eyesibini ibandakanya ukutshintshwa kweediski nge-MBR yokwahlulahlula ngeediski ezinomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-2 TB, apho kuya kufuneka ukuba uyifake. isahlulelo se-GPT kunye nesahlulelo se-biosboot. Kuzo zombini iimeko, iidiski esidlulisela kuzo idatha sele zifakwe kwiseva. Isixokelelwano sefayile esetyenziselwe ulwahlulo lweengcambu yi ext4.
Imeko 1: Ukutshintsha iidiski ezincinci kunye neediski ezinkulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2TB)
Umsebenzi: Buyisela iidiski zangoku ngeediski ezinkulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 TB) ngokudlulisela ulwazi. Kule meko, sineediski ze-2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) ezinenkqubo efakwe kunye ne-2 x 1 TB SATA disks apho inkqubo kufuneka idluliselwe kuyo.
Makhe sijonge uyilo lwangoku lwedisk.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Makhe sijonge isithuba senkqubo yefayile esetyenziswayo ngoku.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Ubungakanani benkqubo yefayile phambi kokutshintshwa kweediski yi-204 GB, i-2 md126 i-arrays yesofthiwe isetyenzisiweyo, efakwe ngaphakathi. /boot и md127, esetyenziswa njenge umthamo womzimba yeqela leVG iivg0.
1. Ukususa izahlulelo zediski kuluhlu
Ukujonga imeko yoluhlu
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Inkqubo isebenzisa ii-arrays ezi-2: md126 (indawo yokunyuka /boot) - inecandelo /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM ye tshintshanisa kunye nengcambu yendlela yefayile) - iqulathe /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Siphawula izahlulo zediski yokuqala ezisetyenziswa kuluhlu ngalunye njengento embi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Sisusa i-/dev/sda block isixhobo sezahlulelo kuluhlu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Emva kokuba sisuse idiski kuluhlu, ulwazi lwesixhobo sebhloko luya kujongeka ngolu hlobo.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Imeko yoluhlu emva kokususa iidiski.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Khuphela itafile yokwahlula kwidiski entsha
Ungajonga itafile yolwahlulo olusetyenzisiweyo kwidiski ngalo myalelo ulandelayo.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Imveliso ye-MBR iya kuba:
Disk label type: dosye-GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Kukotshwa itheyibhile yolwahlulo lwe-MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcKweli qela первым idiski ibonisiwe с apho imarkup ikotshiwe, okwesibini - apho ikopi.
UKWENZA: Ye GPT первым idiski ibonisiwe kuyo ikopi yophawu, yesibini idiski ibonisa idiski ukusuka apho ikopi yophawulo. Ukuba uxuba iidiski, ulwahlulo olulungileyo lokuqala luya kubhalwa ngaphezulu kwaye lutshatyalaliswe.
Kukotshwa itheyibhile yoyilo lwe-GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbOkulandelayo, yabela i-UUID engacwangciswanga kwidiski (yeGPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Emva kokuba umyalelo wenziwe, izahlulo kufuneka zivele kwidiski /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Ukuba, emva kokuba isenzo senziwe, izahlulo kwinkqubo kwidiski /dev/sdc singagqibanga, emva koko siphumeza umyalelo wokufunda kwakhona itafile yokwahlula.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcUkuba iidiski zangoku zisebenzisa itafile ye-MBR kwaye ulwazi kufuneka ludluliselwe kwiidiski ezinkulu kune-2 TB, ngoko kwiidiski ezintsha kuya kufuneka ukuba wenze isahlulelo se-GPT ngesandla usebenzisa isahlulelo se-biosboot. Eli tyala liza kuxutyushwa kwiCandelo 2 leli nqaku.
3. Ukongeza izahlulo zediski entsha kuluhlu
Masiyongeze izahlulo zedisk kuluhlu oluhambelanayo.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Sijonga ukuba amacandelo ongeziwe.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Emva koku, silindele ukuba uluhlu lulungelelaniswe.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Uyakwazi ukubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo inkqubo yongqamaniso usebenzisa into eluncedo watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
IParamu -n ixela ukuba ngawaphi na amaxesha kwimizuzwana umyalelo ekufuneka uphunyeziwe ukujonga inkqubela.
Phinda amanyathelo 1 - 3 kwidiski yokubuyisela elandelayo.
Siphawula izahlulo zediski yesibini ezisetyenziswa kuluhlu ngalunye njengento embi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ukususa izahlulo zesixhobo sokubhloka /dev/sdb ukusuka kuluhlu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Emva kokuba sisuse idiski kuluhlu, ulwazi lwesixhobo sebhloko luya kujongeka ngolu hlobo.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Imeko yoluhlu emva kokususa iidiski.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ukukhuphela iMBR itafile yokwahlula kwidiski /dev/sdс kwidiski /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Emva kokuba umyalelo wenziwe, izahlulo kufuneka zivele kwidiski /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Ukongeza izahlulo zedisk kuluhlu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Sijonga ukuba amacandelo ongeziwe.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Emva koku, silindele ukuba uluhlu lulungelelaniswe.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Ukufaka iGRUB kwiidrive ezintsha
Kwi-CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXKwiDebian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
apho X — unobumba wesixhobo sokubhloka. Kule meko, kufuneka ufake i-GRUB /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Ulwandiso lwesixokelelwano sefayile (ext4) yesahlulelo seengcambu
Kwiidiski ezintsha /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB ekhoyo. Ngenxa yokuba itafile yokwahlula ikopishwe kwiidiski ezincinci, izahlulo /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB ekhoyo.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Iyimfuneko:
- Yandisa isahlulelo sesi-2 kwidiski nganye,
- Yandisa uluhlu lwemd127,
- Yandisa i-PV (umthamo womzimba),
- Yandisa i-LV (i-logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Yandisa inkqubo yefayile.
Ukusebenzisa isixhobo yahlulwe masandise icandelo /dev/sdc2 kwixabiso eliphezulu. Phumeza umyalelo parted /dev/sdc (1) kwaye ujonge itafile yolwahlulo lwangoku ngomyalelo p (2).
Njengoko ubona, ukuphela kwe-partition 2 iphela kwi-240 GB. Masikhulise isahlulelo ngomyalelo resizepart 2, apho u-2 linani lecandelo (3). Sibonisa ixabiso kwifomathi yedijithali, umzekelo i-1000 GB, okanye sebenzisa isalathisi se-disk share - 100%. Sijonga kwakhona ukuba isahlulo sinobungakanani obutsha (4).
Phinda la manyathelo angasentla kwidiski /dev/sdd. Emva kokwandisa izahlulo /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 iye yalingana ne-930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Emva koku sandisa uluhlu Md127 ukuya phezulu.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxSijonga ukuba uluhlu lwandisiwe. Ngoku ubungakanani bayo bube yi-930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ukwandisa ulwandiso umthamo womzimba. Ngaphambi kokwandisa, makhe sijonge imeko yangoku yePV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Njengoko kunokubonwa, iPV /dev/md127 isebenzisa i-222.4 GB yendawo.
Sandisa i-PV ngalo myalelo ulandelayo.
pvresize /dev/md127Ukujonga iziphumo zokwandiswa kwePV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Ukwandisa umthamo osengqiqweni. Phambi kokwandisa, makhe sijonge imeko yangoku ye-LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root isebenzisa 206.41 GB.
Sandisa i-LV ngomyalelo olandelayo (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootSijonga isenzo esigqityiweyo (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Njengoko ubona, emva kokwandisa i-LV, inani le-disk space lihlala li-914.39 GB.
Umthamo we-LV unyukile (4), kodwa inkqubo yefayile isahlala kwi-204 GB (5).
1. Masikhulise inkqubo yefayile.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootEmva kokuba umyalelo uphunyeziwe, sijonga ubungakanani benkqubo yefayile.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Ubungakanani benkqubo yefayile yeengcambu buya kunyuka ukuya kwi-900 GB. Emva kokugqiba amanyathelo, unako ukususa iidiski ezindala.
Imeko 2: Ukutshintsha iidiski ezincinci kunye neediski ezinkulu (ngaphezu kwe-2TB)
Umsebenzi: Buyisela iidiski zangoku ngeediski ezinkulu (2 x 3TB) ngelixa ugcina ulwazi. Kule meko, sineediski ze-2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) ezinenkqubo efakwe kunye ne-2 x 3 TB SATA disks apho inkqubo kufuneka idluliselwe kuyo. Iidiski zangoku zisebenzisa iMBR yetafile yokwahlulahlula. Ekubeni iidiski ezintsha zinomthamo omkhulu kune-2 TB, ziya kufuneka zisebenzise itafile ye-GPT, ekubeni i-MBR ayikwazi ukusebenza kunye neediski ezinkulu kune-2 TB.
Makhe sijonge uyilo lwangoku lwedisk.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Makhe sijonge itafile yokwahlula esetyenziswe kwidiski /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Kwidiski /dev/sdb itafile yolwahlulo efanayo iyasetyenziswa. Makhe sijonge isithuba sedisk esisetyenzisiweyo kwisixokelelwano.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Njengoko ubona, ingcambu yenkqubo yefayile ithatha i-204 GB. Makhe sijonge imeko yangoku yesoftware RAID uluhlu.
1. Ukufaka itafile ye-GPT yokwahlula kunye nokwahlulahlula kwediski
Makhe sijonge uyilo lwedisk ngokwecandelo.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Kwidiski entsha ye-3TB kuya kufuneka senze izahlulo ezi-3:
- Icandelo
bios_grubUbungakanani be-2MiB bokuhambelana kwe-GPT BIOS, - Ukwahlulahlula uluhlu lweRAID oluza kunyuswa ngaphakathi
/boot. - Ukwahlulahlula kwe-RAID kuluhlu apho kuya kubakho Ingcambu ye-LV и Ukutshintsha kwe-LV.
Ukuhlohla into eluncedo yahlulwe Iqela yum install -y parted (ye-CentOS), apt install -y parted (yeDebian/Ubuntu).
Sebenzisa yahlulwe Masiqhube le miyalelo ilandelayo yokwahlulahlula idiski.
Phumeza umyalelo parted /dev/sdc kwaye uye kwindlela yokuhlela idisk.
Yenza itheyibhile yolwahlulo lwe-GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Yenza icandelo eli-1 bios_grub icandelo kwaye usete iflegi yalo.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Yenza isahlulelo sesi-2 kwaye usete iflegi kuyo. Ukwahlula kuya kusetyenziswa njengebhloko yoluhlu lwe-RAID kwaye ifakwe ngaphakathi /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onSenza icandelo le-3, eliza kusetyenziswa njengebhloko yoluhlu apho i-LVM iya kuba khona.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Kule meko, akuyimfuneko ukuseta iflegi, kodwa ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokusekwa ngomyalelo olandelayo.
(parted) set 3 raid onSijonga itafile eyenziwe.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Sabela i-GUID entsha engaqhelekanga kwidiski.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Ukususa izahlulelo zediski yokuqala kuluhlu
Ukujonga imeko yoluhlu
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Inkqubo isebenzisa i-2 arrays: md126 (indawo yokunyuka / i-boot) - iqulethwe /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM ye swap kunye nengcambu yendlela yefayile) - iqulathe /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Siphawula izahlulo zediski yokuqala ezisetyenziswa kuluhlu ngalunye njengento embi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Ukususa izahlulo zesixhobo sokubhloka /dev/sda ukusuka kuluhlu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Ukujonga imeko yoluhlu emva kokususa idiski.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Ukongeza izahlulo zediski entsha kuluhlu
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukongeza izahlulelo zediski entsha kuluhlu lolungelelwaniso. Makhe sijonge imeko yangoku yoyilo lwedisk.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Icandelo /dev/sdc1 kuyinto bios_grub icandelo kwaye ayibandakanyekanga ekudaleni uluhlu. Uluhlu luya kusebenzisa kuphela /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Songeza la macandelo kuluhlu oluhambelanayo.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Emva koko silinda uluhlu ukuze lungqamanise.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Ukwahlulahlula kweDiski emva kokongeza izahlulo kuluhlu.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Ukususa izahlulo zediski yesibini kuluhlu
Siphawula izahlulo zediski yesibini ezisetyenziswa kuluhlu ngalunye njengento embi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ukususa izahlulo zesixhobo sokubhloka /dev/sda ukusuka kuluhlu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Khuphela itheyibhile yoyilo lwe-GPT uze ungqamanise uluhlu
Ukukopa itafile yophawulo ye-GPT siya kusebenzisa usetyenziso sgdisk, efakwe kwiphakheji yokusebenza ngezahlulo zediski kunye netafile yeGPT - gdisk.
isicwangciso gdisk ye-CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
isicwangciso gdisk yeDebian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskUKWENZA: Ye GPT первым idiski ibonisiwe kuyo Khuphela uphawu, yesibini idiski ibonisa idiski ukusuka apho khuphela uphawu. Ukuba uxuba iidiski, ulwahlulo olulungileyo lokuqala luya kubhalwa ngaphezulu kwaye lutshatyalaliswe.
Khuphela itheyibhile yophawulo yeGPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Ukwahlulahlula kwediski emva kokudlulisela itafile kwidiski /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Emva koko, songeza isahlulelo ngasinye esithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zeRAID zesoftware.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Silindele uluhlu olulungelelanisiweyo.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Emva kokukhuphela isahlulelo seGPT kwidiski entsha yesibini, ulwahlulo luya kujongeka ngolu hlobo.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Emva koko, faka i-GRUB kwiidiski ezintsha.
Ukufakela i-CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXUfakelo lweDebian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
apho X - ileta yokuqhuba, kwimeko yethu iqhuba /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Sihlaziya ulwazi malunga noluhlu.
Kwi-CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confKwiDebian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Ukuhlaziya umfanekiso initrd:
Kwi-CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allKwiDebian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allSihlaziya uqwalaselo lweGRUB.
Kwi-CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
KwiDebian/Ubuntu:
update-grubEmva kokugqiba amanyathelo, iidiski ezindala zingasuswa.
6. Ulwandiso lwesixokelelwano sefayile (ext4) yesahlulelo seengcambu
Ukwahlula kweDiski ngaphambi kokwandiswa kwenkqubo yefayile emva kokufuduka kwenkqubo ukuya kwi-2 x 3TB disks (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Ngoku amacandelo /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 hlala kwi-2.7 TB. Ekubeni senze idisk etsha yoyilo kunye netafile ye-GPT, ubungakanani besahlulelo se-3 sibekwe ngokukhawuleza kwisithuba esiphezulu sediski esinokwenzeka; kulo mzekelo, akukho mfuneko yokwandisa isahlulelo.
Iyimfuneko:
- Yandisa uluhlu lwemd126,
- Yandisa i-PV (umthamo womzimba),
- Yandisa i-LV (i-logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Yandisa inkqubo yefayile.
1. Yandisa uluhlu md126 ukuya phezulu.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Emva kokwandiswa koluhlu md126 ubungakanani bendawo ekuhlalwa kuyo iye yanda yaya kutsho kwi-2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Ukwandisa umthamo womzimba.
Ngaphambi kokwandisa, jonga ixabiso langoku lendawo ehleliyo iPV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Sandisa i-PV ngalo myalelo ulandelayo.
pvresize /dev/md126
Sijonga isenzo esigqityiweyo.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tUkwandisa umthamo wengqiqo vg0-ingcambu.
Emva kokwandisa iPV, makhe sijonge indawo ehleli kuyo iVG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tMakhe sijonge indawo ehlala i-LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Umthamo we-vg0-root uhlala kwi-206.41 GB.
Sandisa i-LV kwindawo ephezulu yedisk.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Ukujonga indawo ye-LV emva kokwandiswa.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gUkwandisa inkqubo yefayile (ext4).
Makhe sijonge ubungakanani bangoku benkqubo yefayile.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Umthamo /dev/mapper/vg0-root uhlala kwi-204 GB emva kokwandiswa kweLV.
Ukwandisa inkqubo yefayile.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Ukukhangela ubungakanani benkqubo yefayile emva kokuyandisa.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Ubungakanani besixokelelwano sefayile bonyusiwe ukuvala umthamo wonke.
umthombo: www.habr.com