Iiholide zoNyaka omtsha zisondela kwaye ngobusuku beeholide kunye neeholide lixesha lokuphendula umbuzo: kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwiziseko ze-IT ngeli xesha? Uzakuphila njani ngaphandle kwethu lonke elixesha? Okanye uchithe eli xesha ekuphuculeni isiseko se-IT ukuze kungaphelanga unyaka "isebenze yodwa"?
Inketho xa isebe le-IT lizimisele ukuphumla ngokupheleleyo kunye nabo bonke abantu (ngaphandle kwabalawuli abasemsebenzini, ukuba kukho na) kufuna ukuphunyezwa komsebenzi onzima, onokuthi utyunjwe ngegama eliqhelekileyo elithi "iqhwa".
Umsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo yindlela echaseneyo, xa uthatha ithuba, unokuzama ukuzola ukuthatha naziphi na izenzo eziyimfuneko, umzekelo, ukuphucula inethiwekhi kunye / okanye izixhobo zomncedisi.
"Mkhenkce"
Umgaqo osisiseko wesi sicwangciso sithi "Ukuba siyasebenza, ungasichukumisi."
Ukuqala ukusuka kwindawo ethile ngexesha, ukumiswa kwawo wonke umsebenzi kubhengezwa,
ezinxulumene nophuhliso nophuculo.
Yonke imiba emalunga nophuculo nophuhliso imiselwe ixesha elizayo.
Iinkonzo zokusebenza zivavanywa ngokucokisekileyo.
Zonke iingxaki ezichongiweyo zihlalutywa kwaye zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: zisonjululwe ngokulula
kwaye kunzima ukususa.
Iingxaki ezilungiseka ngokulula zihlalutywa kuqala ukuze kubonwe ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni na
Ukuba? Umsebenzi wokuphelisa wenziwa kuphela ukuba akukho
ubunzima obunokwenzeka.
Iingxaki ezinganyangekiyo zirekhodwa kwaye zibhalwe, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwazo
kuhlehliswe de kuphele ukumiswa.
Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, isicwangciso siyaphuhliswa apho izinto zolawulo zingeniswa khona,
iiparamitha zokulawula kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa.
Umzekelo, iiseva zeefayile zeWindows - ukufunda iilog zeSigigaba, ukujonga imeko
Uluhlu lweRAID, njl.
Iziseko zenethiwekhi zinezixhobo zayo zokunika ingxelo.
Kwizixhobo ezinenkxaso yeqonga lamafu Ngokomgaqo, akukho ngxaki zikhethekileyo, inkqubo isebenza, ulwazi luqokelelwa.
Kwii-firewall, indima yomqokeleli wedatha enjalo inokuthatyathwa yinkonzo
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Ingozi enkulu ekuphuhlisweni okuqhelekileyo kweziganeko kwenzeka ngexesha lokumisa ngenkani. Xa wonke umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa sele ugqityiwe, kwaye impelaveki ayikafiki. Ngexesha lokukhulula, abasebenzi abazi ukuba benze ntoni ngokwabo. Kwaphawulwa ukuba zonke iingxaki ezibuhlungu ezabangela inqwaba yomsebenzi obudenge ongeyomfuneko ukuze aziphelise zaqala ngala mazwi: βNdiza kuzama nje ...β.
Ukuzalisa ikhefu emsebenzini ngamaxesha anjalo, umsebenzi onzima wamaxwebhu ulungile. Inzuzo yale nto iphindwe kabini: kungekuphela nje ukugcina izandla ezidlalayo zomntu kunye namehlo aqaqambileyo exakekile, kodwa nokunciphisa ixesha elithathayo ukusombulula iziganeko ukuba zivela.
Ngeempelaveki kunye neeholide, abasebenzi bahlala bengafumaneki, ngoko ke ukuba ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lugcinwe kuphela kwintloko eqaqambileyo yomntu, lixesha lokuyidlulisela kwiphepha okanye ifayile.
Ngendlela, malunga neendaba zephepha. Nangona izityholo zokubuyisela umva, iikopi ezinzima zamaxwebhu, umzekelo, ukuprintwa koluhlu lweeseva ezineedilesi ze-IP kunye ne-MAC, imizobo yenethiwekhi, kunye nemimiselo eyahlukeneyo ingaba luncedo kakhulu. Ngokukodwa imimiselo yokuvumela kunye nokukhubaza, kuba imeko: ukuze uqalise ngokufanelekileyo isiseko se-IT, kufuneka ufunde amaxwebhu kwaye emva koko uvule izixhobo, kwaye ukuze ufunde amaxwebhu, kufuneka uvule izixhobo. - nangona kungenzeki rhoqo, kuyenzeka. Imeko efanayo yenzeka xa, phambi kokucima kombane, uninzi lweeseva zivaliwe ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye uxwebhu olufunekayo lugcinwe kwenye yazo. Kwaye ke, iimeko ezinjalo zivela ngexesha elingafanelekanga.
Ngoko ke, zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa zibhalwe. Yintoni enye ekhoyo ekufuneka ihoywe?
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Jonga inkqubo yokucupha ividiyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, khulula indawo kwisistim
ukugcinwa kwedatha yevidiyo. -
Jonga isixokelelwano se-alam, zombini umqhekezi kunye nomlilo.
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Jonga ukuba amatyala e-Intanethi, amagama esizinda, ukusingathwa kwewebhusayithi kunye
ezinye iinkonzo zelifu. -
Jonga ubukho beendawo ezisecaleni, ikakhulu ii-hard drives kunye nee-SSD zokutshintshwa
RAID uluhlu. -
Iindawo ezitshintshiweyo (replacement parts (SPAs)) mazigcinwe kufutshane nezixhobo ezilungiselelwe zona. Imeko apho idiski ihluleka kwindawo ekude ngaphandle kwesixeko, kwaye amacandelo agcinwe kwiofisi ephakathi, ayimnandi kakhulu ngoNyaka omtsha.
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Makuhlaziywe uluhlu lwabaqeshwa abaluncedo, kubandakanywa unobhala (umphathi we-ofisi), oyintloko yezokhuseleko, nomphathi wobonelelo, umgcini-venkile nabanye abaqeshwa abanganxulumananga ngqo nesebe le-IT, kodwa banokufuneka kwiimeko ezimaxongo.
KUBALULEKILE! Bonke abasebenzi besebe le-IT kufuneka babe nalo lonke uqhagamshelwano oluyimfuneko. Yinto enye xa abantu bedibana eofisini rhoqo, xa ifayile exabisekileyo kunye neenombolo zefowuni kunye needilesi zihlala zifumaneka kwisixhobo esabelwanayo, kunye nenye into xa umqeshwa ezama ukuxazulula ingxaki ekude xa kungekho mntu eofisini.
QAPHELA! Ukuba isixhobo sikwiziko ledatha, kufuneka unakekele kwangaphambili ukupasa kwabasebenzi abavunyelwe ukufikelela kwisixhobo ngeempelaveki nangeeholide.
Kusebenza okufanayo kwimeko xa igumbi lomncedisi libekwe kwisakhiwo esiqeshiweyo. Unokugijima ngokulula kwimeko apho, ngokuthanda "kwamagunya aphezulu," ukufikelela kunqunyelwe ngeempelaveki kunye neeholide kwaye oonogada abavumeli nokuba umlawuli wenkqubo angene kwisakhiwo.
Kukwafanelekile ukunyamekela umsebenzi wokufikelela kude. Ukuba yonke into icace ngakumbi okanye incinci ngamaseva - kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, ukuba i-RDP okanye i-SSH ayiphenduli - kukho i-IPMI (umzekelo, i-ILO yeeseva ze-HP okanye i-IMM2 ye-IBM), ngoko ngezixhobo ezikude akulula kangako.
Abasebenzisi beZyxel Nebula bakwimeko enenzuzo ngakumbi kule meko.
Umzekelo, ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwesango le-Intanethi alilungiselelwanga kakuhle ngexesha lokusebenza okude, unokuyifumana ngokulula imeko: "Isitshixo segumbi lonyango likaxakeka sigcinwe kwigumbi lezonyango likaxakeka." Kwaye kukho into enye kuphela esele ukuyenza: yiza kwigumbi leseva, iofisi, iziko ledatha, indawo ekude, njl.
Ngethamsanqa kuthi, iNebula ihlala ilumkisa ngeengxaki ezinokubakho ezinxulumene noqwalaselo olungachanekanga.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ulawulo lwamafu lusebenzisa uxhulumaniso oluphumayo, apho isiqwenga sesixhobo senethiwekhi ngokwaso siseka uxhulumaniso kwindawo yokulawula. Okokuthi, akukho mfuneko yokuba "ukhethe imingxuma" kwi-firewall, kwaye kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuba ukusetha kwakhona izicwangciso kuya kuvala le "mingxuma" kwakhona.
INGCEBISO. Kwi-Nebula ungafaka ulwazi malunga nokubekwa kwezixhobo kunye neyona nto ininzi
abafowunelwa ababalulekileyo njengenqaku.
Umsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo
Iiholide zoNyaka oMtsha zikhefu elingenamiqathango emsebenzini kuphela kubasebenzi abaqhelekileyo. Amaxesha amaninzi isebe le-IT liyanyanzeleka ukuba lisebenzise ezi ntsuku zisimahla njengelona thuba lokufumana iziseko zoncedo ngolungelelwano.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, akufuneki ukhwele ixhama, kodwa uphucule kwaye uphinde wakhe iziseko zakho ze-IT, kwaye ulungise iingxaki ezindala ongenakukwazi ukufikelela kuzo kwiintsuku eziqhelekileyo. Izinto ezifana nokunqumla kwakhona, ukutshintshwa kwezinto zeziseko zenethiwekhi, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesakhiwo se-VLAN, ukulungelelanisa ukucwangciswa kwezixhobo ukuphucula ukhuseleko, njalo njalo.
Makhe sihlolisise ngokufutshane iingongoma eziphambili ekufuneka zigqitywe ngexesha lokulungiselela nokuphunyezwa komsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo.
Makhe siphendule lo mbuzo: "Kutheni?"
Ukunyaniseka, kwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi wobugcisa uqhutyelwa nje umboniso, kuba yiloo nto ifunwa ngabaphathi. Kule meko, kungcono ukubuyela kwinto ethi "Ukukhenkceza", "ukupeyinta" le nkqubo ukuze ibonakale iphucula. Ekugqibeleni, amaxwebhu kuya kufuneka ahlaziywe kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
Siyibhala ngokucokisekileyo inkqubo
Kubonakala ngathi kukho iseva, kodwa akukho mntu waziyo ukuba yintoni esebenzayo kuyo. Kukho iswitshi endala yeNoName eneVLAN eziqwalaselweyo, kodwa indlela yokutshintsha okanye ukuyiqwalasela akwaziwa kwaye ayicacanga.
Okokuqala, sicacisa kwaye sifumane zonke ii-nuances zobugcisa be-IT yeziseko zophuhliso, kwaye kuphela ke sicwangcisa into ethile.
Ngubani umnini wale nkqubo (umthombo, inkonzo, iseva, izixhobo, indawo, njl.)?
Umnini akaqondwa njengomnini wezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa njengomnini wenkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, olu tshintsho lusetyenziswa lisebe leCCTV kwaye emva kokulungiswa kwakhona kweVLAN, iikhamera zalahlekelwa uqhagamshelwano kunye nomncedisi wokugcina idatha yevidiyo - oku kubi kakhulu kwaye "ukusebenza" kufuneka kubonelelwe ukuba oku kuyimfuneko ngokwenene. Inketho "Oh, besingazi ukuba le yintsimbi yakho" - ngokomgaqo, oku akufanele kwenzeke.
Njengakwimeko "yokukhenkcela", sihlaziya uluhlu lwabafowunelwa "kuzo zonke izihlandlo", apho singalibali ukongeza abanikazi benkqubo.
Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso somsebenzi
Ukuba isicwangciso sigcinwe kuphela kwiintloko zethu, akukho nto. Ukuba isephepheni, kungcono kancinci. Ukuba kusetyenzwa ngononophelo kunye nabo bonke "abathathi-nxaxheba bokhuphiswano", kubandakanywa nentloko yezokhuseleko, oya kuthi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, anike izitshixo kwiiofisi ezitshixiweyo - oku sele kukho into.
Isicwangciso esineesiginitsha zazo zonke iintlobo zabaphathi, ubuncinane ngokomgaqo othi: βKwazisiwe. Kuvunyelwene" - oku kuya kukusindisa kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo kwifom: "Kodwa akukho mntu
Ndikulumkisile! Ke ngoko, zilungiselele kwasekupheleni ukulungiselela amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ukuze atyikitye.
Senza ii-backups zayo yonke into, yonke into, yonke into!
Ngexesha elifanayo, iikopi zokugcina azikho ikopi yazo zonke iinkcukacha zeshishini, kodwa kunye neefayile zokucwangcisa, ukuphosa (imifanekiso) yeediski zenkqubo, njalo njalo. Asiyi kuhlala kwiinkcukacha zokukopa idatha yeshishini kunye nolwazi lokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba sithetha ngethiyori kunye nokusebenza kwe-backup, ke oku kunikezelwe
Ukugcina uqwalaselo lwezixhobo zenethiwekhi, ungasebenzisa zombini izakhono ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokugcina iifayile zoqwalaselo kunye neenkonzo zangaphandle ezifana neZyxel Nebula okanye
Sisebenza kwezinye iindlela
Kuhlala kukho imeko xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle okanye ngenxa yesizathu esithile kufuneka uhambe kude nesicwangciso esiphambili. Umzekelo, isebe leCCTV elifanayo litshintshe ingqondo yalo malunga nokutshintsha i-VLAN ekutshintsheni kwayo. Ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka ube nempendulo kumbuzo othi: "Kuthekani ukuba?"
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, xa yonke into igqityiwe, iindleko zomsebenzi zivavanyiwe, iiyure zabantu zibaliwe, kwaye sicinge malunga nokuba lingakanani ixesha lokuphumla kunye neebhonasi zokucela oku - kufanelekile ukubuyela kwindawo ethi "Kutheni?" kwakhona. kwaye kwakhona kuqwalaselwe ngokutsha oko bekucwangcisiwe.
Silungelelanisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye neminye imiba yomsebenzi
Akwanelanga ukulumkisa. Kuyimfuneko ukudlulisela kubaphathi nakwabanye abasebenzi ukuqonda okucacileyo ukuba into ethile (okanye nayo yonke into) inokungasebenzi kangangexesha elithile.
Kufuneka ulungele into yokuba ixesha lokuphumla lingancitshiswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile
icebo kuya kufuneka lishiywe?
βUbufuna ntoni? Wena ziingcali ze-IT uchitha imali kwaye uphazamisane nomsebenzi! Vuya kuba kuvunyelwene ngako oku!β β ezi ziindidi zeengxoxo okhe uve ngazo xa uphendula nawuphi na umbuzo malunga nomsebenzi wobugcisa kunye nophuculo.
Makhe sijonge kwakhona "Kutheni?"
Sicinga ixesha elide ngalo mbandela: βKutheni kufuneka konke oku?β kwaye "Ingaba umdlalo ulixabisa ikhandlela?"
Kwaye kuphela ukuba emva kwazo zonke ezi zigaba isicwangciso singathandabuzeki, sifanelekile
qalisa ukuphumeza oko bekucingelwe, kucwangcisiwe, kwalungiswa kwaye
wavumelana nawo onke amagunya.
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Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuphononongwa okufutshane okunjalo akukwazi ukuchaza zonke iimeko zobomi. Kodwa sizame ngokunyaniseka ukuchaza ezinye zezona zihlandlo zixhaphakileyo. Kwaye ke, kuya kuhlala kukho iinkampani kunye nezahlulo apho konke oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo, amaxwebhu akhethekileyo abhaliwe kwaye avunyiwe.
Kodwa ayibalulekanga. Enye into ebalulekileyo.
Into ephambili kukuba yonke into ihamba ngokuthula kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kwaye kwangathi uNyaka omtsha uphumelele kuwe!
Iholide emnandi, oogxa!
amakhonkco aluncedo
- Wethu kubanethwekhi. Siyanceda, sinxibelelane, sifunde ngazo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezilungileyo ezivela kwiZyxel.
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umthombo: www.habr.com