Kutshanje bekukho iziganeko ezimbini ngexesha elinye kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ezininzi ezinemisonto kunye nokusasazwa: inkomfa (Julayi 11-12) kunye nesikolo (Julayi 8-12). Abantu abasondeleyo kwesi sihloko bayaqonda ukuba ukuza eRashiya Leslie Lamport, UMaurice Herlihy и UMichael Scott - esona siganeko sibalulekileyo. Kodwa kwavela eminye imibuzo:
- Yintoni onokuyilindela kwinkomfa: "yezemfundo" okanye "imveliso"?
- Isikolo kunye nenkomfa zinxulumana njani? Ngubani lo kwaye ujolise?
- Kutheni zidibana kwimihla?
- Ngaba ziya kuba luncedo kwabo banganikezelanga ubomi babo bonke kwiinkqubo ezisasazwayo?
Konke oku kwaziwa kakuhle kumntu ophilise iHydra: umlawuli wethu Alexey Fedorov (). Wayiphendula yonke imibuzo.
Ifomathi
— Umbuzo oyintshayelelo kwabo bakude kwiinkqubo ezisasazwayo: zithini na zombini iziganeko?
— Umceli mngeni wehlabathi kukuba esijikelezileyo kukho iinkonzo ezinomthamo omkhulu wokusebenza kunye nemisebenzi enzima yekhompyuter engenakwenziwa kwikhompyuter enye. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kubekho iimoto ezininzi. Kwaye ke kuphakama imibuzo enxulumene nendlela yokulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wabo kunye nokuba benze ntoni kwiimeko zokungathembeki okuphezulu (kuba izixhobo ziyaphuka kwaye inethiwekhi iyawa).
Okukhona kukho oomatshini abaninzi, kokukhona kukho amanqaku okusilela. Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba oomatshini abohlukeneyo bavelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwizibalo ezifanayo? Yintoni enokuyenza ukuba inethiwekhi iyanyamalala ixesha elithile kwaye inxalenye yezibalo iba yodwa, ungayidibanisa njani yonke loo nto? Ngokubanzi, kukho iingxaki ezisisigidi ezinxulumene noku. Izisombululo ezintsha - iingxaki ezintsha.
Kulo mmandla kukho iindawo ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kukho ezinye zenzululwazi - into engeke ibe yinto eqhelekileyo. Ndingathanda ukuthetha malunga nento eyenzekayo kokubili ekusebenzeni nakwisayensi, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ekudibaneni kwabo. Oku kuya kuba malunga nenkomfa yokuqala yeHydra.
— Ndingathanda ukuqonda into yokuba kukho inkomfa, kwaye kukho isikolo sasehlotyeni. Zinxulumana njani? Ukuba isaphulelo senziwe ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba besikolo baye kwinkomfa, ngoko kutheni badlulana kwimihla, ukuze akunakwenzeka ukuya kuyo yonke into kanye ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa?
— Esi sikolo sisiganeko segumbi labantu abali-100–150, apho iingcali ezikhokelayo ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ziza kunika iintetho kangangeentsuku ezintlanu. Kwaye kuvela imeko xa izikhanyiso ezikumgangatho wehlabathi zihlanganisana eSt. Petersburg iintsuku ezintlanu, zilungele ukuthetha okuthile. Kwaye kule meko, isigqibo sivela sokuququzelela isikolo segumbi kuphela, kodwa kunye nenkomfa enkulu.
Kunokwenzeka ukuba ubambe isikolo esinjalo kuphela ehlotyeni, ngoJulayi, kuba phakathi kwezi ngcali kukho oonjingalwazi baseyunivesithi bangoku, kwaye abakakulungeli nangaliphi na elinye ixesha: banabafundi, iidiploma, iintetho, njalo njalo. Ifomathi yesikolo ziintsuku ezintlanu evekini. Kuyaziwa ukuba ehlotyeni ngeempelaveki abantu bayathanda ukuya kwindawo ethile. Oku kuthetha ukuba asinako ukubamba inkomfa ngempelaveki phambi kokuphuma kwesikolo okanye ngempelaveki yokuphuma kwesikolo.
Kwaye ukuba uyandisa iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi okanye emva kweveki, ngoko ngokumangalisayo iintsuku ezintlanu zokuhlala kweengcali eSt. Petersburg zijika zibe zisithoba. Kwaye abakakulungeli oku.
Ke ngoko, ekuphela kwesisombululo esasifumanayo yayikukuba nje sibambe inkomfa ngaxeshanye nesikolo. Ewe, oku kudala iingxaki. Kukho abantu abafuna ukuya esikolweni nakwinkomfa, kwaye kuya kufuneka baphoswe ziintetho ezithile apha naphaya. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba konke oku kuya kwenzeka kwiiholo ezikufutshane, ungabaleka uye ngapha nangapha. Kwaye enye into entle kubukho bokurekhoda kwevidiyo, apho unokubukela ngokuzolileyo oko ukuphosileyo.
— Xa iziganeko ezibini zisenzeka ngaxeshanye, abantu baye babuze umbuzo othi “ndisiphi endifuna ukusidinga ngakumbi?” Yintoni kanye omele uyilindele kumntu ngamnye, kwaye yintoni umahluko?
- Isikolo sisiganeko semfundo kuphela, isikolo senzululwazi samandulo iintsuku eziliqela. Nabani na oye wabandakanyeka kwisayensi kwaye unento yokwenza nesikolo esiphumeleleyo unombono wokuba yintoni isikolo semfundo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iziganeko zezemfundo ezinjalo azicwangciswanga kakuhle ngenxa yokunqongophala kobuchule bomcimbi phakathi kwabantu abazenzayo. Kodwa sisengabantu abanamava, ngoko sinokwenza yonke into ngokufanelekileyo. Ndicinga ukuba ngokombono wombutho, i-SPTDC iya kuba yintloko kunye namagxa ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isikolo esisekelwe kuphando oye wambona.
Isikolo seSPTDC Le yifomathi apho isifundo ngasinye esikhulu sifundwa ngababini: "iyure enesiqingatha - ikhefu - iyure enesiqingatha." Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba kusenokungabi lula kumthathi-nxaxheba okokuqala: xa esi sikolo sasibanjelwe okokuqala kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, mna ngokwam ndandingaqhelekanga, ndacima izihlandlo ezininzi malunga nokuphakathi kwentetho ephindwe kabini, kwaye kwabe kunzima ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumhlohli: umhlohli olungileyo uthetha umdla kakhulu kuzo zontathu iiyure.
INkomfa yeHydra - isiganeko esisebenzayo ngakumbi. Kuya kubakho izikhanyiso ezininzi zenzululwazi ezize kufundisa eSikolweni: ukusuka , omsebenzi wakhe uphantsi kwethiyori yeenkqubo ezininzi ezinemisonto kunye nokusasazwa, ukuya , omnye wababhali bencwadi edumileyo malunga ne-concurrency "Ubugcisa beNkqubo yeMininzi". Kodwa kwinkomfa siya kuzama ukuthetha malunga nendlela ii-algorithms ezithile eziphunyezwa ngayo ngokwenene, zeziphi iingxaki ezijongene neenjineli ekusebenzeni, ngubani ophumelelayo kwaye ongaphumeleli, kutheni ezinye ii-algorithms zisetyenziswa ekusebenzeni kwaye ezinye azikho. Kwaye kunjalo, masithethe ngekamva lophuhliso lweenkqubo ezininzi ezinemisonto kunye nokusasazwa. Oko kukuthi, siya kunika isiphelo esinjalo: yintoni isayensi yehlabathi ethetha ngayo ngoku, zeziphi iingcamango zeenjineli ezikhokelayo ezijikelezayo, kunye nendlela ehambelana ngayo.
- Ekubeni inkomfa isetyenziswe ngakumbi, ngaba akuyi kubakho izikhanyiso zezemfundo kuphela, kodwa kunye nezithethi ezivela "kwimveliso"?
- Ngokuqinisekileyo. Sizama ukujonga zonke "ezinkulu": iGoogle, Netflix, Yandex, Odnoklassniki, Facebook. Kukho iingxaki ezithile ezihlekisayo. Ngokomzekelo, wonke umntu uthi: "I-Netflix yinkqubo esasazwayo, phantse isiqingatha se-traffic yase-US, ipholile kakhulu," kwaye xa uqala ukujonga iingxelo zabo zokwenyani, amanqaku kunye neempapasho, ukuphoxeka okuncinci kuqalisa. Kuba, nangona oku kukumgangatho wehlabathi ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye kukho i-egde yokusika, incinci kunokuba ibonakala ekuqaleni.
Kuvela ingxaki enomdla: ungafowunela abameli beenkampani ezinkulu ezibalaseleyo, okanye ungafowunela umntu osele esaziwa kuthi. Enyanisweni, ubuchule bukhona apha naphaya. Kwaye sizama ukukhupha "abantu abavela kwiimpawu ezinkulu", kodwa iingcali ezinkulu kakhulu, abantu abathile.
Ngokomzekelo, kuya kubakho uMartin Kleppmann, owathi ngelinye ixesha wenza i-LinkedIn kwaye wakhululwa - mhlawumbi enye yeencwadi ezisisiseko kwiinkqubo ezisasazwayo.
- Ukuba umntu akasebenzi kwiNetflix, kodwa kwinkampani elula, unokuzibuza: "Ngaba ndifanele ndiye kwinkomfa enjalo, okanye ngaba kukho zonke iintlobo zeNetflix ezithetha omnye nomnye, kodwa andinanto yokwenza?"
- Ndiya kuthetha oku: xa ndisebenza e-Oracle isithuba esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, ndeva izinto ezimangalisayo nezinomdla kakhulu ekhitshini nakumagumbi okutshaya, xa oogxa bahlanganisene apho benza iinxalenye ezithile zeqonga leJava. Aba banokuba ngabantu abavela kumatshini obonakalayo, okanye kwisebe lokuvavanya, okanye kwi-concurrency yokusebenza - umzekelo, uLyosha Shiplev kunye noSeryozha Kuksenko.
Xa beqalisa ukuxubusha into ethile phakathi kwabo, ndandidla ngokuphulaphula ndivule umlomo. Kum ezi yayizizinto ezimangalisayo nezingalindelekanga endingazange ndicinge nokucinga ngazo. Ngokwemvelo, ekuqaleni andizange ndiyiqonde i-90% yento ababeyithetha ngayo. Emva koko i-80% yaba yinto engaqondakaliyo. Kwaye emva kokuba ndenze umsebenzi wam wesikolo ndaza ndafunda iincwadi ezimbalwa, eli nani lehla laya kutsho kuma-70%. Andikayiqondi into eninzi abathetha ngayo phakathi kwabo. Kodwa njengoko ndandihleli ekoneni ndiphethe ikomityi yekofu ndize ndiphulaphule, ndaqalisa ukuqonda kancinane ukuba kwakuqhubeka ntoni.
Ngoko ke, xa i-Google, i-Netflix, i-LinkedIn, i-Odnoklassniki kunye ne-Yandex zithetha omnye nomnye, oku akuthethi ukuba yinto engaqondakaliyo kwaye engathandekiyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, simele siphulaphule ngenyameko, kuba eli likamva lethu.
Kakade ke, kukho abantu abangayifuniyo yonke le nto. Ukuba awufuni ukuphuhlisa kwesi sihloko, awudingi ukuya kule nkomfa, uya kuchitha ixesha apho. Kodwa ukuba isihloko sinomdla, kodwa awuyiqondi nantoni na malunga nayo okanye ujonge nje, ngoko kufuneka uze, kuba awuyi kufumana into efana nayo naphi na. Ngaphezu koko, ndicinga ukuba kungekhona eRashiya kuphela, kodwa nakwihlabathi. Sizama ukwenza inkomfa engayi kuba yinkokeli kwesi sihloko eRashiya, kodwa ngokubanzi isibalo sehlabathi.
Lo akuwona umsebenzi olula, kodwa xa sinethuba elimangalisayo lokuqokelela izithethi ezinamandla ezivela kwihlabathi lonke, ndikulungele ukunika okuninzi ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke. Ewe, abanye kwabo sibamemele kwiHydra yokuqala abayi kukwazi ukuza. Kodwa ndiza kuthetha oku: asizange siqalise inkomfa entsha kunye noluhlu olunamandla kangaka. Ngaphandle, mhlawumbi, iJPoint yokuqala kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo.
— Ndingathanda ukwandisa kumagama athi "eli likamva lethu": ngaba isihloko kamva siya kubachaphazela abo bangacingi ngaso namhlanje?
- Ewe, ndiqinisekile ngayo. Ke ngoko, kum kubonakala kulungile ukuqalisa ukuyixoxa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, ithiyori yokufundwa kwemisonto emininzi yavela kwakudala (ngeminyaka yee-70s, umsebenzi wawusele upapashwa ngokupheleleyo), kodwa kangangexesha elide yayininzi yeengcali ezixineneyo, de kwavela umsebenzisi wokuqala wekhompyuter. ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-10. Kwaye ngoku sonke sineeseva ezininzi ezingundoqo, iilaptops kunye neefowuni, kwaye le yeyona nto iphambili. Kuthathe malunga neminyaka eyi-XNUMX ukuba oku kwande, ukuze abantu baqonde ukuba le ntetho ayilophondo leengcaphephe ezixineneyo.
Kwaye ngoku sibona malunga nento enye kunye neenkqubo ezisasazwayo. Kuba izisombululo ezisisiseko ezifana nokuhanjiswa komthwalo, ukunyamezela iziphene kunye nezinto ezinjalo sele zenziwe ixesha elide, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu abaziyo ukuba yintoni, umzekelo, ukuhanjiswa kwemvumelwano okanye iPaxos.
Enye yezona njongo zibalulekileyo endizibekeleyo kwesi siganeko kukuntywilisela iinjineli ngakumbi nangakumbi kule ngxoxo. Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba kwiinkomfa ezinye izihloko kunye nezisombululo azixoxwa nje kuphela, kodwa kunye nethesorasi iyavela-isixhobo esidityanisiweyo sokucinga.
Ndiyibona njengomsebenzi wam ukwenza iqonga apho wonke umntu anokuxoxa ngayo yonke le nto, abelane ngamava kunye nezimvo. Ukuze mna nawe sibe nokuqonda okufanayo malunga nento eyenziwa yi-algorithm enye, yintoni eyenziwa ngomnye, yeyiphi engcono phantsi kweyiphi iimeko, indlela ezihambelana ngayo enye kwenye, njalo njalo.
Into enomdla kakhulu inxulumene ne-multithreading efanayo. Xa abahlobo bethu base-Oracle (ngokukodwa uLesha Shipilev noSergey Kuksenko) baqala ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwaye, ngokukodwa, malunga nokuphindaphinda, iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu kamva le mibuzo yaqala ukubuzwa kudliwano-ndlebe kwiinkampani, abantu baqala ukuxoxa ngayo. amagumbi okutshaya. Oko kukuthi, into eyayininzi yeengcali ezinqabileyo ngokukhawuleza yaba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Kwaye oku kuchanekile kakhulu. Kubonakala kum ukuba sincede aba bafana ukuba bawuthande wonke lo mbandela, obaluleke ngokwenene, oluncedo kwaye onomdla. Ukuba ngaphambili akukho mntu wayecinga malunga nendlela iseva yeJava eqhuba ngayo izicelo ngokuhambelanayo, ngoku abantu banomlinganiselo othile wokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo yonke into. Kwaye oko kuhle.
Umsebenzi endiwubonayo ngoku kukwenza phantse okufanayo ngeenkqubo ezisasaziweyo. Ukuze wonke umntu aqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni, ivela phi, yeyiphi imisebenzi kunye neengxaki ezikhoyo, ukuze oku kube yinto eqhelekileyo.
Iinkampani zinemfuno enkulu yabantu abayiqondayo into malunga noku, kwaye bambalwa abantu abanjalo. Okukhona sisenza malunga nalo mxholo kunye nethuba lokufunda kuwo, kokukhona sinika abantu amathuba okubuza imibuzo esemoyeni, kokukhona sinokuthi ngandlela thile sihambe kweli cala.
ukubuzwa
— Le nkomfa iyaqala ukubanjwa, kodwa esi ayisosihlandlo sokuqala kwesi sikolo. Konke oku kwavela kwaza kwakhula njani?
- Eli libali elinomdla. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ngoMeyi 2017, sahlala eKyiv kunye noNikita Koval (), ingcali kwinkalo ye-multithreading. Yaye wandixelela ukuba yayiza kubanjelwa eSt .
Isihloko senkqubo enemisonto emininzi ibinomdla kakhulu kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo yobunjineli bam. Kwaye kwavela ukuba ehlotyeni kakhulu, abantu abadumileyo beza eSt. endayifundayo. Kwaye uninzi lwabahlobo bam banento yokwenza nale nto - umzekelo, uRoman Elizarov (). Ndaqonda ukuba andinakuphoswa sisiganeko esinjalo.
Xa kwacaca ukuba inkqubo ye-2017 yesikolo iya kuba yinto enkulu, kwavela ingcamango yokuba iintetho kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo zirekhodwe kwividiyo. Thina kwiQela leJUG.ru sasinokuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuba iintetho ezinjalo kufuneka zirekhodwe njani. Kwaye singena kwi-SPTCC njengabafana abenze ividiyo yesikolo. Ngenxa yoko, zonke iintetho zesikolo kwisitishi sethu sikaYouTube.
Ndaqalisa ukunxibelelana noPyotr Kuznetsov, owayengoyena mntu uphambili kwiingcinga nomququzeleli wesi sikolo, kunye noVitaly Aksenov, owancedisa ekuququzeleleni konke oku eSt. Ndabona ukuba oku kupholile kwaye kunomdla kwaye, mhlawumbi, kubi kakhulu ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba be-100 kuphela banokuchukumisa ubuhle.
Xa uPetros wayecinga ukuba kufuneka aqale isikolo kwakhona (kwi-2018 kwakungekho amandla kunye nexesha, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni ayenze ngo-2019), kwacaca ukuba sinokumnceda ngokususa zonke izinto zentlangano kuye. Oku kwenzekayo ngoku, uPetros ujongana nomxholo, kwaye senza yonke enye into. Kwaye oku kubonakala ngathi siskimu esifanelekileyo: UPeter unomdla ngakumbi kule nkqubo kunokuba "phi kwaye nini wonke umntu uya kuba nesidlo sasemini." Kwaye sisebenza kakuhle neeholo, iindawo, njalo njalo.
Ngeli xesha, endaweni ye-SPTCC, isikolo sibizwa ngokuba yi-SPTDC, hayi “i-computing computing”, kodwa “i-computing computing”. Ngako oko, oku kuphantse kube ngumahluko: ngexesha lokugqibela esikolweni abazange bathethe ngeenkqubo ezisasazwayo, kodwa ngeli xesha siza kuthetha ngazo.
— Ekubeni esi sikolo singaqali kuqhutywa, sinokufikelela kwizigqibo ezithile kwixa elidluleyo. Kwenzeke ntoni kwixesha elidlulileyo?
- Xa isikolo sokuqala sasiyilwa kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo, kwakulindeleke ukuba kubekho isiganeko semfundo, esibangela umdla kubafundi. Ngaphezu koko, abafundi abavela kwihlabathi lonke, kuba isikolo singesiNgesi kuphela, kwaye kwakucingelwa ukuba inani elikhulu labafundi bamazwe angaphandle liya kuza.
Enyanisweni, kwavela ukuba iinjineli ezininzi zivela kwiinkampani ezinkulu zaseRashiya ezifana neYandex. Kwakukho uAndrey Pangin () ukusuka kwi-Odnoklassniki, kwakukho abafana baseJetBrains abasebenza ngokunyanisekileyo kwesi sihloko. Ngokubanzi, bekukho ubuso obuninzi obuqhelekileyo kwiinkampani zethu zamaqabane apho. Andothukanga kwaphela, ndisiqonda kakuhle isizathu sokuba beze apho.
Eneneni, abaququzeleli bebelindele ukuba kubekho abantu abafundileyo eSikolweni, kodwa ngequbuliso kwafika abantu abasuka kushishino, kwaza kwacaca kum ukuba kukho imfuno kweli shishini.
Ukuba isiganeko esingazange sikhuthazwe naphi na, ekucofeni kokuqala komnwe, sihlanganise abaphulaphuli abadala, kuthetha ukuba kukho umdla ngokwenene. Kubonakala kum ukuba isicelo malunga nesi sihloko siphelelwe lixesha.
UMaurice Herlihy kwintlanganiso yeJUG.ru
- Ukongeza esikolweni, uMaurice Herlihy wathetha eSt. Petersburg kwintlanganiso yeJUG.ru kwi-2017, malunga nememori yentengiselwano, kwaye oku kukufutshane kancinci kwifomati yenkomfa. Ngubani oweza ke - abantu abafanayo abadla ngokuza JUG.ru meetups, okanye abaphulaphuli ezahlukeneyo?
- Yayinomdla kuba sasiqonda ukuba i-Maurice yayiza kuba nengxelo jikelele, kungekhona i-Java-specific, kwaye senze isibhengezo esibanzi ngakumbi kunokuba siqhele ukwenza ababhalisi beendaba be-JUG.
Abantu abaninzi endibaziyo basuka kwiindawo ezingezizo malunga neJava kwaphela: ukusuka kwisihlwele se.NET, kwisihlwele seJavaScript. Ngenxa yokuba isihloko sememori yokuthengiselana asihambelani neteknoloji ethile yophuhliso. Xa ingcali ekumgangatho wehlabathi iza kuthetha ngenkumbulo yentengiselwano, ukuphoswa lithuba lokumamela umntu onjalo nokumbuza imibuzo lulwaphulo-mthetho nje. Kuba nomtsalane gqitha xa umntu ofunda kuye incwadi esiza kuwe aze akuxelele into ethile. Imnandi nje.
—Yaye yaba yintoni impendulo ngenxa yoko? Ngaba le ndlela yayiyimfundo kakhulu kwaye yayingaqondakali kubantu abavela kushishino?
- Uphononongo lwengxelo kaHerlihy lwalulungile. Abantu babhale ukuba wathetha ngokulula nangokucacileyo into ebingalindelekanga kunjingalwazi wezemfundo. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba simmeme ngenxa yesizathu, uyingcali eyaziwayo yehlabathi enamava amaninzi ekuthetheni kunye nemvelaphi evela kwiqela leencwadi kunye namanqaku. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, waba udumo ngeendlela ezininzi ngenxa yokukwazi kwakhe ukuhambisa izinto ebantwini. Ngoko ke, oku akumangalisi.
Uthetha isiNgesi esiqhelekileyo, esiqondakalayo, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, unokuqonda okukhulu oko athetha ngako. Oko kukuthi, unokumbuza nayiphi na imibuzo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokusisiseko, abantu bakhalaza ukuba sinike uMaurice ixesha elincinane kakhulu lengxelo yakhe: iiyure ezimbini azanele kwinto enjalo, ubuncinane ezimbini ziyafuneka. Ewe, sakwazi ukwenza oko sikwenzileyo ngeeyure ezimbini.
Isizathu
- Ngokuqhelekileyo Iqela leJUG.ru lijongene neziganeko ezinkulu, kodwa esi sihloko sibonakala sikhethekileyo. Kutheni ugqibe ekubeni uyithathe? Ngaba kukho ukuzimisela ukubamba isiganeko esincinci, okanye ngaba ababukeli abaninzi banokuhlangana ngesihloko esinjalo?
— Ewe, xa ubambe umcimbi kwaye usete inqanaba elithile lengxoxo, umbuzo uhlala uvela malunga nokuba ixhaphake kangakanani le ngxoxo. Bangaphi abantu - abalishumi, ikhulu okanye iwaka - abanomdla kule nto? Kukho urhwebo phakathi kobunzima kunye nobunzulu. Lo ngumbuzo oqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye wonke umntu uwusombulula ngokwahlukileyo.
Kule meko, ndifuna ukuzenzela "umnyhadala". Ndisaqonda into malunga nokuphindaphinda (ndinike iintetho malunga nesi sihloko kwiinkomfa, kwaye ndixelele abafundi into amatyeli amaninzi), kodwa ndingumfundi oqalayo xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo ezisasazwayo: Ndiwafundile amanqaku kwaye ndabona iintetho ezininzi, kodwa hayi. kwanencwadi enye epheleleyo yayifunda.
Sinekomiti yenkqubo eyenziwe ziingcali kwinkalo enokuthi ivavanye ukuchaneka kweengxelo. Kwaye kwelam icala, ndizama ukwenza lo msitho ubemnye endingathanda ukuya kuwo, ngokuswela kwam ubuchwephesha. Ukuba kuya kwenzeka ukuba nomdla kuluntu oluninzi, andazi. Oku mhlawumbi ayingowona msebenzi ubalulekileyo kwesi siganeko kweli nqanaba. Ngoku kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza eyona nkqubo inamandla ngexesha elifutshane.
Mhlawumbi, ngoku andimiselanga qela umsebenzi “wokuhlanganisa iwaka labantu okokuqala,” kodwa “ukwenza inkomfa ibonakale.” Oku kunokungavakali njengeshishini kwaye ndingenangqondo ngandlel’ ithile, nangona ndingenguye umntu ozinikeleyo kwaphela. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ndiyakwazi ukuzivumela ezinye iinkululeko.
Kukho izinto ezibaluleke ngakumbi kunemali nangaphaya kwemali. Sele senza inani elikhulu leziganeko ezinkulu ezipholileyo kubantu abaliwaka okanye ngaphezulu. Iinkomfa zethu zeJava sele zidlule ixesha elide abantu abaliwaka, kwaye ngoku ezinye iziganeko ziyatsiba kule bar. Oko kukuthi, umbuzo esiye saba ngamava kunye nabaququzeleli abadumileyo awusenaxabiso. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, into esiyifumanayo kwezi ziganeko isinika ithuba lokuphinda sityale kwizinto ezinomdla kuthi, kwaye kule meko, kum ngokobuqu.
Ngokwenza esi siganeko, ndichasene neminye yemigaqo yombutho wethu. Ngokomzekelo, sihlala sizama ukulungiselela iinkomfa kwangaphambili, kodwa ngoku sinemihla yokugqibela enzima kakhulu, kwaye sigqibezela inkqubo kwinyanga nje ngaphambi komcimbi ngokwawo.
Kwaye esi siganeko siya kuba yi-70-80% yolwimi lwesiNgesi. Apha, kwakhona, ingxoxo ihlala iphakama malunga nokuba kufuneka sisondele ngakumbi kubantu (abayiqonda ngakumbi xa uninzi lweengxelo ziseRashiya) okanye kwihlabathi lonke (kuba ihlabathi lobugcisa lithetha isiNgesi). Ngokuqhelekileyo sizama ukwenza iingxelo ezininzi ngesiRashiya. Kodwa hayi ngeli xesha.
Ngapha koko, siya kucela nabanye abantu abathetha isiRashiya ukuba bathethe ngesiNgesi. Oku, ngandlel’ ithile, kukuchasa ngokupheleleyo komsebenzisi kunye nendlela engenabuntu. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba okwangoku akukho ncwadi yolwimi lwesiRashiya kulo mbandela, kwaye nabani na onomdla kule nto unyanzelekile ukuba afunde ngesiNgesi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngandlel’ ithile uyakwazi ukusiqonda isiNgesi. Ukuba kwimeko yeJavaScript, iJava okanye .NET kukho abantu abaninzi abangazi kakuhle isiNgesi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye banokucwangcisa kakuhle, ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, iinkqubo ezisasazwayo yindawo apho kungekho mnye. indlela yokufunda ngoku.
Ndifuna ngokwenene ukuqhuba olu vavanyo: indlela i-70-80% isiganeko solwimi lwesiNgesi siya kubonwa luluntu lwaseRashiya. Izakungena okanye ingangeni? Asiyazi le nto kwangaphambili kuba asizange siyenze le nto. Kodwa kutheni ungayenzi? Masithi lo ngumfuniselo omnye omkhulu endingenako ukuwubamba kodwa ndizame.
Inkqubo yesikolo ye-SPTDC sele ikhona ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kwimeko yeHydra sele inxalenye ephawulekayo, yaye kungekudala siza kupapasha uhlalutyo lwalo lonke ucwangciso lwenkomfa.
umthombo: www.habr.com