🥇Intshayelelo kwi-wal-g PostgreSQL inkqubo yokugcina

WAL-G sisixhobo esilula nesisebenzayo sokuxhasa iPostgreSQL kwilifu. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphambili, ngumlandeli wesixhobo esithandwayo WAL-E, kodwa ibhalwe ngokutsha ku-Go. Kodwa i-WAL-G inomsebenzi omtsha obalulekileyo: iikopi ze-delta. Iikopi zeDelta WAL-G gcina amaphepha eefayile ezitshintshileyo kuguqulelo lwangaphambili logcino. I-WAL-G isebenzisa itekhnoloji eninzi yokuthelekisa ii-backups. I-WAL-G ikhawuleza kakhulu kune-WAL-E.

Iinkcukacha zendlela i-wal-g esebenza ngayo inokufumaneka kwinqaku: Siyikhawulezisa i-backup. Intetho yeYandex

Iprotocol yokugcina ye-S3 iye yaduma ekugcineni idatha. Enye yeenzuzo ze-S3 kukukwazi ukufikelela nge-API, evumela ukuba uququzelele ukusebenzisana okuguquguqukayo kunye nokugcinwa, kubandakanywa ukufikelela koluntu lokufunda, ngelixa ukuhlaziya ulwazi kwisitoreji kwenzeka kuphela ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo.

Kukho ukuphunyezwa kogcino lukawonke wonke nolwabucala olusebenzisa iS3 protocol. Namhlanje siza kujonga isisombululo esithandwayo sokulungelelanisa izixhobo ezincinci zokugcina - iMinio.

Iseva enye ye-PostgreSQL ifanelekile ukuvavanya i-wal-g, kwaye i-Minio isetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa kwe-S3.

Iseva encinci

Ifakela iMinio

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y lkiesow/minio
yum install -y minio

Ukuhlela i-AccessKey kunye ne-SecretKey kwi /etc/minio/minio.conf

vi /etc/minio/minio.conf

Ukuba awuyi kusebenzisa nginx phambi kweMinio, kuya kufuneka utshintshe

--address 127.0.0.1:9000

--address 0.0.0.0:9000

Qalisa iMinio

systemctl start minio

Yiya kwiMinio web interface http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000 kwaye wenze ibhakethi (umzekelo, pg-backups).

DB iseva

Ndihlanganisa i-WAL-G kwi-rpm (Anton Patsev). Github, Fedora COPR.

Kwabo bangenayo inkqubo ye-RPM-based, sebenzisa esemthethweni umyalelo ekufakeni.

Kunye ne-wal-g yokubini, i-rpm iqulethe izikripthi ezingenisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwifayile /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf.

backup-fetch.sh
backup-list.sh
backup-push.sh
wal-fetch.sh
wal-g-run.sh
wal-push.sh

Faka i-wal-g.

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y antonpatsev/wal-g
yum install -y wal-g

Ukujonga uguqulelo lwe-wal-g.

wal-g --version
wal-g version v0.2.14

Hlela /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho.

Iifayile zoqwalaselo kunye neefayile zedatha ezisetyenziswa liqela lesiseko sedatha ngokwesiqhelo zigcinwa kunye kuluhlu lwedatha yeqela, eqhele ukubizwa ngokuba PGDATA

#!/bin/bash

export PG_VER="9.6"

export WALE_S3_PREFIX="s3://pg-backups" # бакет, который мы создали в S3
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxxx" # AccessKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf 
export AWS_ENDPOINT="http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000"
export AWS_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE="true"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="yyyy" # SecretKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf

export PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/$PG_VER/data/
export PGHOST=/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432 # Сокет для подключения к PostgreSQL

export WALG_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для закачки 
export WALG_DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для скачивания
export WALG_UPLOAD_DISK_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков на диске для закачки
export WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS=7
export WALG_COMPRESSION_METHOD=brotli # Какой метод сжатия использовать.

Xa ucwangcisa i-WAL-G, ucacisa WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS - inani lamanyathelo apho i-delta yogcino ikude kakhulu kwi-backup yesiseko, kwaye ucacise umgaqo-nkqubo wekopi ye-delta. Mhlawumbi wenza ikopi ukusuka kwidelta yokugqibela ekhoyo, okanye wenza idelta ukusuka kugcino olupheleleyo. Oku kuyimfuneko kwimeko xa icandelo elifanayo lesiseko sedatha lihlala litshintsha kwisiseko sakho sedatha, idatha efanayo ihlala iguquka.

Ukufakela uvimba weenkcukacha.

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.
noarch.rpm
yum install -y postgresql96 postgresql96-server mc

Masiqalise isiseko sedatha.

/usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

Ukuba uvavanya kwiseva eyi-1, ngoko kufuneka uqwalasele kwakhona iparamitha ye-wal_level ukugcina uguqulelo lwePostgreSQL olungaphantsi kwe-10, kunye nekopi ye-PostgreSQL version 10 nangaphezulu.

wal_level = archive

Masigcine oovimba be-WAL rhoqo ngemizuzwana engama-60 sisebenzisa iPostgreSQL ngokwayo. Kwimveliso uya kuba nexabiso elahlukileyo archive_timeout.

archive_mode = on
archive_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-push.sh %p'
archive_timeout = 60 # Каждые 60 секунд будет выполнятся команда archive_command.

Masiqale iPostgreSQL

systemctl start postgresql-9.6

Kwikhonsoli eyahlukileyo, sijonga iilogi zePostgreSQL ngeempazamo: (tshintsha i-postgresql-Wed.log ukuya kweyangoku).

tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Makhe siye kwi-psql.

su - postgres
psql

Senza isiseko sedatha kwi-psql.

Yenza itheyibhile kwisiseko sedatha ye-test1.

create database test1;

Tshintshela kuluhlu lovavanyo.

postgres=# c test1;

Yenza itafile indexing_table.

test1=# CREATE TABLE indexing_table(created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW());

Ukongeza idatha.

Masiqale ukufakela idatha. Silinda imizuzu eyi-10-20.

#!/bin/bash
# postgres
while true; do
psql -U postgres -d test1 -c "INSERT INTO indexing_table(created_at) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);"
sleep 60;
done

Qiniseka ukuba wenze i-backup epheleleyo.

su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-push.sh

Sijonga amangeniso kwitheyibhile kwi-database ye-test1

select * from indexing_table;
2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+
2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+
2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+
2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+
2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+
2020-01-29 09:46:25.412327+
2020-01-29 09:47:25.432564+
2020-01-29 09:48:25.451985+
2020-01-29 09:49:25.472653+
2020-01-29 09:50:25.491974+
2020-01-29 09:51:25.510178+

Umtya lixesha langoku.

Sijonga uluhlu lwe-backups epheleleyo

/usr/local/bin/backup-list.sh

Uvavanyo lokubuyisela

Ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo ngokuqengqeleka kuyo yonke i-WAL ekhoyo.

Ukumisa iPostgresql.

Sicima yonke into kwi/var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data ifolda.

Qalisa iskripthi /usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh ukusuka kumsebenzisi we-postgres.

su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh

Ukutsalwa kogcino kugqityiwe.

Yongeza recovery.conf kwi/var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data ifolda enemixholo elandelayo.

restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'

Qalisa iPostgreSQL. I-PostgreSQL iya kuqalisa inkqubo yokubuyisela kwi-WAL egciniweyo, kwaye emva koko i-database iya kuvula.

systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Ukuchacha ixesha elithile.

Ukuba sifuna ukubuyisela i-database kumzuzu othile, ngoko kwi-recovery.conf songeza iparameter recovery_target_time - sibonisa ukuba yiyiphi ixesha lokubuyisela isiseko sedatha.

restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'
recovery_target_time = '2020-01-29 09:46:25'

Emva kokubuyisela, jonga kwitafile ye-indexing_table

 2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+00
 2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+00
 2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+00
 2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+00
 2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+00

Qalisa iPostgreSQL. I-PostgreSQL iya kuqalisa inkqubo yokubuyisela kwi-WAL egciniweyo, kwaye emva koko i-database iya kuvula.

systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Ukuvavanywa

Senza i-database ye-1GB njengoko kuchaziwe apha https://gist.github.com/ololobus/5b25c432f208d7eb31051a5f238dffff

Sicela ubungakanani bebhakethi emva kokuvelisa i-1GB yedatha.

postgres=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('test1'));
pg_size_pretty
----------------
1003 MB

s4cmd — бесплатный инструмент командной строки для работы с данными, расположенными в хранилище Amazon S3. Утилита написана на языке программирования python, и благодаря этому может использоваться в операционных системах и Windowskwaye Linux.

Faka i-s4cmd

pip install s4cmd

LZ4

s4cmd --endpoint-url=http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000 --access-key=xxxx --secret-key=yyyy du -r s3://pg-backups
840540822       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
840 МБ в формате lz4 только WAL логов

Полный бекап с lz4 - 1GB данных
time backup_push.sh
real 0m18.582s

Размер S3 бакета после полного бекапа

581480085       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
842374424   s3://pg-backups/wal_005
581 МБ занимает полный бекап

I-LZMA

После генерации 1ГБ данных
338413694       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
338 мб логов в формате lzma

Время генерации полного бекапа
time backup_push.sh
real    5m25.054s

Размер бакета в S3
270310495       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
433485092   s3://pg-backups/wal_005/

270 мб занимает полный бекап в формате lzma

Brotli

После генерации 1ГБ данных
459229886       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
459 мб логов в формате brotli

Время генерации полного бекапа
real    0m23.408s

Размер бакета в S3
312960942       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
459309262   s3://pg-backups/wal_005/

312 мб занимает полный бекап в формате brotli

Ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo kwigrafu.