ProHoster > IAlpine iqulunqa iDocker yakhela iPython amaxesha angama-50 kancinci, kwaye imifanekiso inzima ngamaxesha angama-2

IAlpine iqulunqa iDocker yakhela iPython amaxesha angama-50 kancinci, kwaye imifanekiso inzima ngamaxesha angama-2

IAlpine iqulunqa iDocker yakhela iPython amaxesha angama-50 kancinci, kwaye imifanekiso inzima ngamaxesha angama-2

IAlpine Linux ihlala icetyiswa njengomfanekiso osisiseko weDocker. Uxelelwa ukuba ukusebenzisa iAlpine kuya kwenza ukuba ukwakhiwa kwakho kuncinci kwaye inkqubo yakho yokwakha ngokukhawuleza.

Kodwa ukuba usebenzisa iAlpine Linux kwizicelo zePython, ke:

  • Yenza ukwakha kwakho kucotha kakhulu
  • Yenza imifanekiso yakho ibe mikhulu
  • Ukuchitha ixesha lakho
  • Kwaye ekugqibeleni kunokubangela iimpazamo ngexesha lokuqhuba


Makhe sijonge ukuba kutheni iAlpine icetyiswa, kodwa kutheni ungakayisebenzisi ngePython.

Kutheni abantu bencoma iAlpine?

Masicinge ukuba sifuna i-gcc njengenxalenye yomfanekiso wethu kwaye sifuna ukuthelekisa iAlpine Linux vs Ubuntu 18.04 ngokwesantya sokwakha kunye nobungakanani bomfanekiso wokugqibela.

Okokuqala, masikhuphele imifanekiso emibini kwaye sithelekise ubungakanani bayo:

$ docker pull --quiet ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
$ docker pull --quiet alpine
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
$ docker image ls ubuntu:18.04
REPOSITORY          TAG        IMAGE ID         SIZE
ubuntu              18.04      ccc6e87d482b     64.2MB
$ docker image ls alpine
REPOSITORY          TAG        IMAGE ID         SIZE
alpine              latest     e7d92cdc71fe     5.59MB

Njengoko ubona, umfanekiso wesiseko weAlpine uncinci kakhulu. Makhe sizame ukufaka i-gcc kwaye siqale ngo-Ubuntu:

FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update && 
    apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y gcc && 
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

Ukubhala iDockerfile egqibeleleyo ingaphaya kobubanzi beli nqaku.

Masilinganise isantya sendibano:

$ time docker build -t ubuntu-gcc -f Dockerfile.ubuntu --quiet .
sha256:b6a3ee33acb83148cd273b0098f4c7eed01a82f47eeb8f5bec775c26d4fe4aae

real    0m29.251s
user    0m0.032s
sys     0m0.026s
$ docker image ls ubuntu-gcc
REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID      CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu-gcc   latest   b6a3ee33acb8  9 seconds ago   150MB

Siphinda okufanayo kwiAlpine (Dockerfile):

FROM alpine
RUN apk add --update gcc

Siyahlanganisana, sijonge ixesha kunye nobukhulu bendibano:

$ time docker build -t alpine-gcc -f Dockerfile.alpine --quiet .
sha256:efd626923c1478ccde67db28911ef90799710e5b8125cf4ebb2b2ca200ae1ac3

real    0m15.461s
user    0m0.026s
sys     0m0.024s
$ docker image ls alpine-gcc
REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine-gcc   latest   efd626923c14   7 seconds ago   105MB

Njengoko kuthenjisiwe, imifanekiso esekelwe kwi-Alpine iqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye incinci: imizuzwana ye-15 endaweni ye-30 kunye nobukhulu bomfanekiso ngu-105MB ngokuchasene ne-150MB. Ilungile kakhulu!

Kodwa ukuba sitshintshela ekwakheni isicelo sePython, ke yonke into ayilunganga.

Umfanekiso wePython

Izicelo zePython zihlala zisebenzisa iipandas kunye ne-matplotlib. Ke ngoko, inketho enye kukuthatha umfanekiso osemthethweni osekwe kwiDebian usebenzisa le Dockerfile:

FROM python:3.8-slim
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas

Masiyiqokelele:

$ docker build -f Dockerfile.slim -t python-matpan.
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-slim
 ---> 036ea1506a85
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
 ---> Running in 13739b2a0917
Collecting matplotlib
  Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting pandas
  Downloading pandas-0.25.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4 MB)
...
Successfully built b98b5dc06690
Successfully tagged python-matpan:latest

real    0m30.297s
user    0m0.043s
sys     0m0.020s

Sifumana umfanekiso we-363MB ngobukhulu.
Ngaba siya kwenza ngcono ngeAlpine? Masizame:

FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas


$ docker build -t python-matpan-alpine -f Dockerfile.alpine .                                 
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB                                               
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-alpine                                                             
 ---> a0ee0c90a0db                                                                            
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas                                                  
 ---> Running in 6740adad3729                                                                 
Collecting matplotlib                                                                         
  Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz (40.9 MB)                                               
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:                                            
     command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/
tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/pip-egg-info                              

...
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install matplotlib pandas' returned a non-zero code: 1

Yintoni eyenzekayo?

IAlpine ayixhasi amavili

Ukuba ujonga isakhiwo, esekwe kwiDebian, uya kubona ukuba ikhuphela i-matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl.

Oku kubini kwivili. IAlpine ikhuphela imithombo `matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz` kuba ingaxhasi umgangatho amavili.

Ngoba? Unikezelo oluninzi lwe Linux lusebenzisa uguqulelo lwe GNU (glibc) yelayibrari esemgangathweni ye C, eneneni efunwa yinkqubo nganye ebhalwe kwi C, kuquka iPython. Kodwa iAlpine isebenzisa `musl`, kwaye kuba ezo bhinari ziyilelwe `glibc`, aziyondlela yokukhetha.

Ngoko ke, ukuba usebenzisa iAlpine, kufuneka uqokelele yonke ikhowudi ebhalwe kwi-C kwiphakheji nganye yePython.

Owu, ewe, kuya kufuneka ujonge uluhlu lwazo zonke izixhomekeke ezifuna ukuqulunqwa ngokwakho.
Kule meko sifumana oku:

FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk --update add gcc build-base freetype-dev libpng-dev openblas-dev
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas

Kwaye ixesha lokwakha lithatha ...

... 25 imizuzu 57 imizuzwana! Kwaye ubungakanani bomfanekiso yi-851MB.

Imifanekiso esekelwe kwi-Alpine ithatha ixesha elide ukwakha, zikhulu ngobukhulu, kwaye kusafuneka ukhangele zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kuyo. Unako ngokuqinisekileyo ukunciphisa ubungakanani bendibano usebenzisa Ukwakhiwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe.

Ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto!

IAlpine inokubangela iintsholongwane ezingalindelekanga ngexesha lokusebenza

  • Ngokwethiyori, i-musl iyahambelana ne-glibc, kodwa ekusebenzeni umahluko kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi. Yaye ukuba kunjalo, mhlawumbi aziyi kuba mnandi. Nazi ezinye iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke:
  • I-Alpine inobungakanani obuncinci bomsonto ngokusisiseko, obunokukhokelela iimpazamo kwiPython
  • Abanye abasebenzisi bayifumene loo nto Usetyenziso lwePython lucotha ngenxa yendlela i-musl eyaba ngayo inkumbulo (yahlukile kwi-glibc).
  • Omnye wabasebenzisi ifumene imposiso xa ufomatha umhla

Ngokuqinisekileyo ezi mpazamo sele zilungisiwe, kodwa ngubani owaziyo ukuba zingaphi eziya kubakho.

Musa ukusebenzisa imifanekiso yeAlpine kwiPython

Ukuba awufuni ukuzikhathaza ngokwakhiwa okukhulu kunye nobude, ukukhangela ukuxhomekeka kunye neempazamo ezinokwenzeka, ungasebenzisi iAlpine Linux njengomfanekiso wesiseko. Ukukhetha umfanekiso osisiseko olungileyo.

umthombo: www.habr.com

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