Isicwangciso sokuvuza kwedatha nge-Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) ngenxa yongquzulwano lwegama (kule meko, ukungqubana kwesizinda sangaphakathi esinegama lenye yee-gTLD ezintsha, kodwa undoqo uyafana). Umthombo: , 2016
UMike O'Connor, omnye wabatyali-mali abadala kumagama esizinda, eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu kwaye iphikisana kwingqokelela yayo: isizinda corp.com kwi-1,7, u-O'Connor uthenge amagama amaninzi alula wesizinda, njenge-grill.com, place.com, pub.com kunye nabanye. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho i-corp.com, uMike wayigcina iminyaka engama-1994. Umtyalomali wayesele eneminyaka engama-26 ubudala kwaye wagqiba ekubeni enze imali ngotyalo-mali lwakhe oludala.
Ingxaki kukuba i-corp.com inokuba yingozi ubuncinane kwiikhompyuter ze-375 ngenxa yoqwalaselo olungakhathali lwe-Active Directory ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-intranets kwi-000s yokuqala ngokusekelwe kwi-Windows Server 2000, xa ingcambu yangaphakathi yayichazwe nje ngokuthi "umbutho. .β Kuze kube yi-2010s yokuqala, oku kwakungeyongxaki, kodwa ngokunyuka kweelaptops kwiindawo zoshishino, abasebenzi abaninzi baqala ukuhambisa iikhomputha zabo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yenkampani. Iimpawu zokuphunyezwa kwe-Active Directory zikhokelela kwinto yokuba nangaphandle kwesicelo somsebenzisi esithe ngqo kwi-//corp, inani lezicelo (umzekelo, i-imeyile) zinkqonkqoza kwidilesi eqhelekileyo ngokwabo. Kodwa kwimeko yoqhagamshelo lwangaphandle kuthungelwano kwicafe eqhelekileyo ejikeleze ikona, oku kukhokelela kumjelo wedatha kunye nezicelo ezithululelwa corp.com.
Ngoku u-O'Connor unethemba lokuba iMicrosoft ngokwayo iya kuthenga isizinda kwaye, kwezona zithethe zibalaseleyo zikaGoogle, iyibolise kwindawo emnyama kwaye ingafikeleleki kubantu bangaphandle, ingxaki yokuba semngciphekweni okusisiseko kweenethiwekhi zeWindows iya kusonjululwa.
Uluhlu olusebenzayo kunye nongquzulwano lwegama
Uthungelwano lweshishini olusebenzisa iWindows zisebenzisa i-Active Directory inkonzo yolawulo. Ivumela abalawuli ukuba basebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo yeqela ukuqinisekisa ukucwangciswa okufanayo kwendawo yokusebenza yomsebenzisi, ukuhambisa isofthiwe kwiikhomputha ezininzi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yeqela, ukwenza isigunyaziso, njl.
I-Active Directory idityaniswe ne-DNS kwaye iqhuba phezu kwe-TCP/IP. Ukukhangela iinginginya ngaphakathi kuthungelwano, i-Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WAPD) protocol kunye nomsebenzi (eyakhelwe kwi-Windows DNS Client). Olu phawu lwenza kube lula ukufumana ezinye iikhompyuter okanye iiseva ngaphandle kokubonelela ngegama lesizinda esifanelekileyo.
Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani isebenza kwinethiwekhi yangaphakathi ebizwa internalnetwork.example.com, kwaye umsebenzi ufuna ukufikelela kwi drive ekwabelwana ebizwa drive1, akukho mfuneko yokungena drive1.internalnetwork.example.com kuMhloli, chwetheza nje \ drive1 - kwaye umxhasi weWindows DNS uyakugqibezela igama ngokwalo.
Kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-Active Directory-umzekelo, i-Windows 2000 Server-ukungagqibekanga kwinqanaba lesibini lesizinda soshishino corp. Kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zigcine ukusilela kwisizinda sazo sangaphakathi. Okubi nangakumbi, uninzi sele luqalisile ukwakha uthungelwano olukhulu phezu kolu cwangciso luneziphene.
Ngemihla yeekhompyuter zedesktop, oku bekungengomcimbi wokhuseleko kakhulu kuba akukho mntu wathatha ezi khompyuter ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yeshishini. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa umqeshwa esebenza kwinkampani kunye nomzila womnatha corp kwi-Active Directory ithatha ilaptop yeshishini kwaye iye kwi-Starbucks yasekhaya? Emva koko iprotocol yeWeb Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) kunye negama le-DNS lokunikezela umsebenzi liqala ukusebenza.
Kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba ezinye iinkonzo kwilaptop ziya kuqhubeka nokunkqonkqoza kwindawo yangaphakathi corp, kodwa awuyi kuyifumana, kwaye endaweni yoko izicelo ziya kusonjululwa kwi-domain ye-corp.com ukusuka kwi-Intanethi evulekileyo.
Ngokwenyani, oku kuthetha ukuba umnini we-corp.com unokuthintela izicelo zabucala ezisuka kumakhulu amawaka eekhompyuter ezithi ngempazamo zishiye indawo yeshishini zisebenzisa igama. corp indawo yakho kwi-Active Directory.
Ukuvuza kwezicelo zeWPAD kwitrafikhi yaseMelika. Ukususela kuphononongo lweYunivesithi yaseMichigan ka-2016,
Kutheni le nto i-domain ingekathengiswa?
Kwi-2014, iingcali ze-ICANN zipapashwe ukungqubana kwamagama kwi-DNS. Uphononongo lwaluxhaswa ngemali inxalenye yeSebe lezoKhuseleko lwelizwe laseMelika ngenxa yokuba ulwazi oluvuzayo oluvela kuthungelwano lwangaphakathi alusongeli kuphela iinkampani zorhwebo, kodwa kunye nemibutho karhulumente, kuquka i-Secret Service, ii-arhente zobuntlola kunye namasebe omkhosi.
UMike wayefuna ukuthengisa i-corp.com kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kodwa umphandi uJeff Schmidt wamqinisekisa ukuba alibazise ukuthengisa ngokusekwe kwingxelo ekhankanywe ngasentla. Uphononongo lukwafumanise ukuba iikhompyuter ezingama-375 zizama ukunxibelelana ne-corp.com yonke imihla ngaphandle kolwazi lwabanini bazo. Izicelo beziqulathe iinzame zokungena kwii-intranethi zenkampani, ukufikelela kuthungelwano okanye kwizabelo zeefayile.
Njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwakhe, uSchmidt, kunye neJAS Global, balinganisa kwi-corp.com indlela iWindows LAN eqhuba ngayo iifayile kunye nezicelo. Ngokwenza oku, enyanisweni, bavula i-portal esihogweni kuyo nayiphi na ingcali yokhuseleko lolwazi:
Yayimbi kakhulu. Siye samisa uvavanyo emva kwemizuzu eyi-15 kwaye satshabalalisa [zonke ezifunyenweyo] idatha. Umvavanyi owaziwayo owacebisa i-JAS ngalo mbandela waphawula ukuba uvavanyo lwalufana "nemvula yolwazi oluyimfihlo" kwaye akazange ayibone into enjalo.
[Siseta ulwamkelo lweposi kwi-corp.com] kwaye emva kweyure sifumene ngaphezulu kwe-imeyile ezili-12 lezigidi, emva koko salumisa uvavanyo. Nangona uninzi lwee-imeyile bezizenzekela, sifumanise ukuba ezinye [zokhuseleko] zinobuntununtunu kwaye ke ngoko satshabalalisa yonke idatha eseti ngaphandle kohlalutyo olongezelelweyo.
U-Schmidt ukholelwa ukuba abalawuli emhlabeni jikelele baye balungiselela ngokungazi kakuhle i-botnet eyingozi kakhulu kwimbali iminyaka emininzi. Amakhulu amawaka eekhompyuter ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni jikelele azilungele nje ukuba yinxalenye ye-botnet, kodwa nokubonelela ngedatha eyimfihlo malunga nabanini kunye neenkampani zabo. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka uyenzile ukuze uthathe ithuba layo kukulawula corp.com. Kule meko, nawuphi na umatshini oye waqhagamshelwa kuthungelwano lwenkampani, apho i-Active Directory yaqwalaselwe nge //corp, iba yinxalenye yebhotnet.
UMicrosoft wayeka kule ngxaki kwiminyaka engama-25 eyadlulayo
Ukuba ucinga ukuba i-MS ibingazi ngandlela ithile nge-bacchanalia eqhubekayo malunga ne-corp.com, ke wenze impazamo enkulu. Eli liphepha abasebenzisi boguqulelo lwe-beta ye-FrontPage '97 abaye bafika kulo, kunye ne-corp.com edweliswe njenge-URL ehlala ihleli:
Xa uMike wadinwa kakhulu yile nto, i-corp.com yaqala ukubhekisa abasebenzisi kwiwebhusayithi yevenkile yokwabelana ngesondo. Ekuphenduleni, wafumana amawaka eeleta ezinomsindo ezivela kubasebenzisi, azithumela kwakhona ngekopi kuBill Gates.
Ngendlela, uMike ngokwakhe, ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, waseka iseva yeposi kwaye wafumana iileta eziyimfihlo kwi-corp.com. Wazama ukuzisombulula ngokwakhe ezi ngxaki ngokuqhagamshelana neenkampani, kodwa abazange bazi indlela yokulungisa imeko:
Ngokukhawuleza, ndaqala ukufumana ii-imeyile eziyimfihlo, kubandakanywa neenguqu zokuqala zeengxelo zemali zenkampani kwi-US Securities and Exchange Commission, iingxelo zabasebenzi kunye nezinye izinto ezoyikisayo. Ndazama ukubhalelana namaqumrhu okwethutyana, kodwa inkoliso yawo yayingazi ukuba mayenze ntoni na ngaloo nto. Ke ekugqibeleni ndayicima [iseva yemeyile].
I-MS ayizange ithathe nayiphi na inyathelo elisebenzayo, kwaye inkampani iyala ukuphawula ngale meko. Ewe, iMicrosoft ikhuphe uhlaziyo oluninzi lweDirectory esebenzayo kule minyaka ijongana nengxaki yegama lesizinda, kodwa baneengxaki ezininzi. Inkampani nayo yavelisa izindululo ekumiseni amagama e-domain yangaphakathi, iingcebiso malunga nokuba ne-domain yenqanaba lesibini ukuze ugweme iingxabano, kunye nezinye izifundo ezihlala zingafundwanga.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ilele kuhlaziyo. Okokuqala: ukuzisebenzisa, kufuneka ubeke phantsi ngokupheleleyo i-intranethi yenkampani. Okwesibini: emva kohlaziyo olunjalo, ezinye izicelo zinokuqala ukusebenza kancinci, ngokungalunganga, okanye ziyeke ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kucacile ukuba iinkampani ezininzi ezinothungelwano lwenkampani ezakhiweyo aziyi kuthatha ingozi enjalo kwixesha elifutshane. Ukongeza, uninzi lwabo aluqapheli ubungakanani obupheleleyo besoyikiso esigcwele ukuhanjiswa kwayo yonke into kwi-corp.com xa umatshini uthathwa ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi.
Ubukhulu bentsimbi buphunyezwa xa ujonga . Ngoko, ngokwedatha yakhe, ezinye izicelo kwi-corp.com zivela kwi-intranethi yakwaMicrosoft.
Kwaye kuya kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
Kubonakala ngathi isisombululo sale meko siphezu komhlaba kwaye sichazwe ekuqaleni kwenqaku: vumela iMicrosoft ithenge i-domain kaMike kuye kwaye imvimbele kwindawo ethile kwi-closet ekude ngonaphakade.
Kodwa akukho lula ngolo hlobo. UMicrosoft unike u-O'Connor ukuba athenge indawo yakhe enetyhefu kwiinkampani zehlabathi kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo. Kunjalo nje Isigebenga sanikezela ngeedola ezingamawaka angama-20 kuphela ngokuvala umngxuma onjalo kuthungelwano lwawo.
Ngoku i-domain inikezelwa nge-1,7 yezigidi zeedola. Kwaye nokuba iMicrosoft ithatha isigqibo sokuyithenga ngomzuzu wokugqibela, ngaba baya kuba nexesha?
Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. , ndiyacela.
Ubunokwenza ntoni ukuba ubungu-O'Connor?
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59,6%Vumela iMicrosoft ithenge i-domain nge-$ 1,7 yezigidi, okanye uvumele omnye umntu ayithenge.501
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3,4%Ndiza kuyithengisa ngeedola ezingamawaka angama-20; Andifuni ukuhla kwimbali njengomntu ovuza isizinda esinjalo kumntu ongaziwayo.29
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3,3%Ndingawungcwaba ngokwam ngonaphakade ukuba iMicrosoft ayikwazi ukwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo.28
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21,2%Ndiza kuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo i-domain kubageli kwimeko yokuba batshabalalise isidima seMicrosoft kwindawo yeshishini. Bayazi ngale ngxaki ukusukela ngo-1997!178
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12,4%Ndiza kuseka i-botnet + iseva yeposi ngokwam kwaye ndiqale ukwenza isigqibo malunga nekamva lehlabathi.104
Bali-840 abasebenzisi abavotileyo. Umsebenzisi om-131 akakhange.
umthombo: www.habr.com